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USA EDUCATION, INC. FORM 10-Q INDEX March 31, 2002



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý   Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2002 or

o   Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from              to             .

(Amended by Exch Act Rel No. 312905. eff 4/26/93.)
Commission File Number: 001-13251


USA EDUCATION, INC.
(formerly SLM Holding Corporation)
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  52-2013874
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

11600 Sallie Mae Drive, Reston, Virginia
(Address of principal executive offices)

 

20193
(Zip Code)

(703) 810-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)


        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý        No o

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class
  Outstanding at March 31, 2002
Common Stock, $.20 par value   155,334,776 shares




USA EDUCATION, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
March 31, 2002

        

Part I. Financial Information    
    Item 1.   Financial Statements   3
    Item 2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
  16
Part II. Other Information    
    Item 1.   Legal Proceedings   38
    Item 2.   Changes in Securities   38
    Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities   38
    Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   38
    Item 5.   Other Information   38
    Item 6.   Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K   38
Signatures   39


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements


USA EDUCATION, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  March 31,
2002

  December 31,
2001

 
  (Unaudited)

   
Assets            
Student loans, net   $ 40,962,044   $ 41,000,870
Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings            
  Bonds available-for-sale     379,838     396,895
  Loans     1,300,785     1,371,252
   
 
  Total warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     1,680,623     1,768,147
Investments            
  Trading     778     791
  Available-for-sale     3,923,268     4,053,719
  Held-to-maturity     1,005,325     1,017,642
   
 
  Total investments     4,929,371     5,072,152
Cash and cash equivalents     594,539     715,001
Residual interest and servicing assets     1,739,060     1,859,450
Other assets     2,538,798     2,458,339
   
 
  Total assets   $ 52,444,435   $ 52,873,959
   
 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 
Short-term borrowings   $ 30,745,072   $ 31,064,821
Long-term notes     17,411,673     17,285,350
Other liabilities     2,333,604     2,851,326
   
 
  Total liabilities     50,490,349     51,201,497
   
 
Commitments and contingencies            

Stockholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 
Preferred stock, Series A, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized: 3,300 and 3,300 shares issued, respectively,
at stated value of $50 per share
    165,000     165,000
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 375,000 shares authorized: 204,357 and 202,736 shares issued, respectively     40,871     40,547
Additional paid-in capital     904,946     805,804
Unrealized gains on investments and derivatives (net of tax of $301,618
and $360,876, respectively)
    560,148     670,199
Retained earnings     2,456,711     2,068,490
   
 
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     4,127,676     3,750,040
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 49,022 and 47,241 shares, respectively     2,173,590     2,077,578
   
 
  Total stockholders' equity     1,954,086     1,672,462
   
 
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 52,444,435   $ 52,873,959
   
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3



USA EDUCATION, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

 
Interest income:              
  Student loans   $ 534,251   $ 713,033  
  Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings              
    Taxable     14,219     22,620  
    Tax-exempt     4,696     6,167  
   
 
 
  Total warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     18,915     28,787  
  Investments     44,811     132,853  
   
 
 
Total interest income     597,977     874,673  
Interest expense:              
  Short-term debt     177,049     510,670  
  Long-term debt     139,551     184,195  
   
 
 
Total interest expense     316,600     694,865  
   
 
 
Net interest income     281,377     179,808  
Less: provision for losses     20,237     13,599  
   
 
 
Net interest income after provision for losses     261,140     166,209  
   
 
 
Other income:              
  Gains on student loan securitizations     44,260     9,478  
  Servicing and securitization revenue     194,682     120,011  
  (Losses) on sales of securities     (89,107 )   (31,335 )
  Guarantor servicing and collection fees     79,601     55,506  
  Derivative market value adjustment     288,351     (168,164 )
  Other     42,385     68,982  
   
 
 
Total other income     560,172     54,478  
   
 
 
Operating expenses:              
  Salaries and benefits     94,103     92,567  
  Other     72,698     74,806  
   
 
 
Total operating expenses     166,801     167,373  
   
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings
of subsidiary
    654,511     53,314  
   
 
 
Income taxes:              
  Current     171,921     39,137  
  Deferred     60,246     (18,298 )
   
 
 
Total income taxes     232,167     20,839  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiary         2,674  
   
 
 
Net income     422,344     29,801  
Preferred stock dividends     2,875     2,875  
   
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 419,469   $ 26,926  
   
 
 
Basic earnings per share   $ 2.70   $ 0.17  
   
 
 
Average common shares outstanding     155,629     163,051  
   
 
 
Diluted earnings per share   $ 2.63   $ 0.16  
   
 
 
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding     159,683     169,939  
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4


USA EDUCATION, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 
   
  Common Stock Shares
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

   
   
   
 
 
  Preferred
Stock
Shares

  Preferred
Stock

  Common
Stock

  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Retained
Earnings

  Treasury
Stock

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Issued
  Treasury
  Outstanding
 
Balance at December 31, 2000   3,300,000   190,851,936   (26,707,091 ) 164,144,845   $ 165,000   $ 38,170   $ 225,211   $ 311,301   $ 1,810,902   $ (1,135,248 ) $ 1,415,336  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             29,801           29,801  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments,
net of tax
                                      190,394                 190,394  
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives,
net of tax
                                      (61,467 )               (61,467 )
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         158,728  
Cash dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.18 per share)                                             (28,512 )         (28,512 )
  Preferred stock ($.87 per share)                                             (2,875 )         (2,875 )
Issuance of common shares       4,847,408       4,847,408           970     207,386                       208,356  
Premiums on equity forward purchase contracts                                 (8,054 )                     (8,054 )
Repurchase of common shares           (6,023,484 ) (6,023,484 )                                 (322,801 )   (322,801 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2001   3,300,000   195,699,344   (32,730,575 ) 162,968,769   $ 165,000   $ 39,140   $ 424,543   $ 440,228   $ 1,809,316   $ (1,458,049 ) $ 1,420,178  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Balance at December 31, 2001

 

3,300,000

 

202,736,386

 

(47,240,838

)

155,495,548

 

$

165,000

 

$

40,547

 

$

805,804

 

$

670,199

 

$

2,068,490

 

$

(2,077,578

)

$

1,672,462

 
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             422,344           422,344  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments,
net of tax
                                      (138,380 )               (138,380 )
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives,
net of tax
                                      28,329                 28,329  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         312,293  
Cash dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.20 per share)                                             (31,248 )         (31,248 )
  Preferred stock ($.87 per share)                                             (2,875 )         (2,875 )
Issuance of common shares       1,620,637   229,602   1,850,239           324     89,392                 19,301     109,017  
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and
purchase plan
                                20,870                       20,870  
Premiums on equity forward purchase contracts                                 (11,120 )                     (11,120 )
Repurchase of common shares           (2,011,011 ) (2,011,011 )                                 (115,313 )   (115,313 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2002   3,300,000   204,357,023   (49,022,247 ) 155,334,776   $ 165,000   $ 40,871   $ 904,946   $ 560,148   $ 2,456,711   $ (2,173,590 ) $ 1,954,086  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5



USA EDUCATION, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

 
Operating activities              
Net income   $ 422,344   $ 29,801  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
             
    (Gains) on student loan securitizations     (44,260 )   (9,478 )
    Losses on sales of securities     89,107     31,335  
    (Increase) decrease in derivative market value adjustment     (288,351 )   168,164  
    Provision for losses     20,237     13,599  
    (Increase) in accrued interest receivable     (62,417 )   (114,030 )
    Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable     10,993     (73,952 )
    (Increase) in other assets     (132,904 )   (108,061 )
    (Decrease) in other liabilities     (117,450 )   (31,256 )
   
 
 
    Total adjustments     (525,045 )   (123,679 )
   
 
 
Net cash (used in) operating activities     (102,701 )   (93,878 )
   
 
 
Investing activities              
  Student loans purchased     (4,326,164 )   (3,627,527 )
  Reduction of student loans:              
    Installment payments     595,675     782,694  
    Claims and resales     182,201     139,332  
    Proceeds from securitization of student loans     3,585,713     1,815,320  
    Proceeds from sales of student loans     29,065     703  
  Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings made     (272,057 )   (342,353 )
  Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings repayments     357,457     334,902  
  Investments purchased     (8,128,740 )   (25,113,784 )
  Proceeds from sale or maturity of investments     8,232,175     24,617,108  
  Purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired     (46,392 )    
   
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     208,933     (1,393,605 )
   
 
 
Financing activities              
  Short-term borrowings issued     118,102,346     330,815,625  
  Short-term borrowings repaid     (114,706,957 )   (327,999,666 )
  Long-term notes issued     4,642,827     2,158,470  
  Long-term notes repaid     (8,234,241 )   (3,011,600 )
  Equity forward contracts and stock issued     118,767     200,302  
  Common stock repurchased     (115,313 )   (322,801 )
  Common dividends paid     (31,248 )   (28,512 )
  Preferred dividends paid     (2,875 )   (2,875 )
   
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     (226,694 )   1,808,943  
   
 
 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents     (120,462 )   321,460  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     715,001     734,468  
   
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 594,539   $ 1,055,928  
   
 
 

Cash disbursements made for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Interest   $ 474,560   $ 673,393  
   
 
 
 
Income taxes

 

$

331,500

 

$

84,400

 
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6



USA EDUCATION, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information at March 31, 2002 and for the three months ended
March 31, 2002 and 2001 is unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of USA Education, Inc. (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2002.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

        In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 ("SFAS 141"), "Business Combinations," and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 ("SFAS 142"), "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." SFAS 141 requires companies to use the purchase method of accounting for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001, and broadens the criteria for recording identifiable intangible assets separate from goodwill. SFAS 142 requires companies to cease systematically amortizing goodwill (and other intangible assets with indefinite lives), but rather perform an assessment for impairment by applying a fair-value-based test on an annual basis (or an interim basis if circumstances indicate a possible impairment). Future impairment losses are to be recorded as an operating expense, except at the transition date, when any impairment write-off of existing goodwill is to be recorded as a "cumulative effect of change in accounting principle." In accordance with SFAS 142, any goodwill and indefinite-life intangibles resulting from acquisitions completed after June 30, 2001 will not be amortized. Effective January 1, 2002, the Company ceased amortizing goodwill and indefinite-life intangibles in accordance with SFAS 142. In 2002, the Company will be required to test its goodwill for impairment, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's future results of operations if an impairment occurs. The Company is in the process of evaluating the financial statement impact of the adoption of SFAS 142.

3. Allowance for Losses

        The provision for loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio of student loans. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the provision for losses on its federally insured portfolio of student loans separately from its non-federally insured portfolio. For the federally insured portfolio, the Company primarily considers trends in student loan claims rejected for payment by guarantors due to servicing defects as well as overall default rates on those FFELP student loans subject to the two percent risk-sharing, i.e., those loans that are insured as to 98 percent of principal and accrued interest. Once a student loan is rejected for claim payment, the Company's policy is to continue to pursue the recovery of principal and interest. Due to the nature of FFELP loans and the extensive collection efforts in

7



which the Company engages, the Company currently writes off an unpaid claim once it has aged to two years.

        For the non-federally insured portfolio of student loans, the Company primarily considers recent trends in delinquencies, charge-offs and recoveries, historical trends in loan volume by program, economic conditions and credit and underwriting policies. A large percentage of the Company's non-federally insured loans have not matured to a point at which predictable loan loss patterns have developed. Accordingly, the evaluation of the provision for loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes.

        The following table shows the loan delinquency trends for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, presented on the Company's non-federally insured student loan portfolio.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
  2002
  2001
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
Loans in school/deferment   $ 1,754   $ 883
Loans in repayment            
  Loans current     2,404     1,928
  Loans in forbearance     335     290
  Loans delinquent 30-59 days     110     88
  Loans delinquent 60-89 days     46     48
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     77     77
   
 
  Total loans in repayment     2,972     2,431
   
 
Ending non-federally insured student loan portfolio   $ 4,726   $ 3,314
   
 

        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Balance at beginning of period   $ 265,140   $ 227,406  
Additions              
  Provision for losses     20,093     13,260  
  Recoveries     1,487     1,215  
  Other     525     5,119  
Deductions              
  Reductions for student loan sales and securitizations     (2,466 )   (3,671 )
  Charge-offs     (15,900 )   (11,657 )
   
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ 268,879   $ 231,672  
   
 
 

8


        The provision for losses reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001 also includes a minimal provision for the maintenance of certain reserves.

4. Student Loan Securitization

        When the Company sells receivables in securitizations of student loans, it retains a residual interest and, in some cases, a cash reserve account, all of which are retained interests in the securitized receivables. At March 31, 2002 and 2001, the balance of these assets was $1.7 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. Gain or loss on the sale of the receivables is based upon the previous carrying amount of the financial assets involved in the transfer, allocated between the assets sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values at the date of transfer. To obtain fair values, quoted market prices are used if available. However, quotes are generally not available for retained interests, so the Company estimates fair value, both initially and on a quarterly basis going forward, based on the present value of future expected cash flows estimated using management's best estimates of the key assumptions—credit losses, prepayment speeds and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved.

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company sold $3.5 billion of student loans in two securitization transactions and securitized $30 million through the recycling provisions of prior securitizations. The Company recorded a pre-tax securitization gain of $44 million or 1.25 percent of the portfolios securitized in the first quarter of 2002. In the first quarter of 2001, the Company sold $1.8 billion of student loans and recorded a pre-tax securitization gain of $9 million or .53 percent of the portfolios securitized. At March 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, securitized student loans outstanding totaled $32.5 billion and $30.7 billion, respectively.

        In those securitizations, the Company, through Sallie Mae Servicing, LP, has servicing responsibilities for the loans and receives annual servicing fees of 0.9 percent per annum of the outstanding balance of student loans other than consolidation loans and 0.5 percent per annum of the outstanding balance of consolidation loans for the securitization transactions engaged in by its subsidiary, the Student Loan Marketing Association. The Company also receives rights to future cash flows arising after the investors in the trust have received the return for which they have contracted. Trust investors and the securitization trusts have no recourse to the Company's other assets. The Company's retained interests are subordinate to investors' interests. Their value is subject to credit, prepayment, and interest rate risks.

        Key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of securitization resulting from the student loan securitization transactions completed during the first quarter of 2002 (weighted based on principal amounts securitized) were as follows:

Prepayment speed   7% per annum
Weighted-average life   5.1 years
Expected credit losses   0.6%
Residual cash flows discounted at   12%

9


        Expected credit losses resulting from loans securitized in the first quarter of 2002 are dependent on the portfolio's expected rate of defaulted loans, the level of insurance guarantee which ranges from 98 percent to 100 percent of the unpaid principal and interest of the defaulted loan, and the expected level of defaulted loans not eligible for insurance guarantee due to servicing deficiencies (approximately one percent of defaulted loans). The expected dollar amount of credit losses is divided by the portfolio's principal balance to arrive at the expected credit loss percentage. The following table summarizes the cash flows received from securitization trusts entered into during the first quarter of 2002 (Dollars in millions).

Proceeds from new securitizations   $ 3,556
Servicing fees received    
Cash flows received on interest-only strips    

5. Common Stock

        Basic earnings per common share ("Basic EPS") are calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share ("Diluted EPS") reflect the potential dilutive effect of additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, warrants, and deferred compensation, determined by the treasury stock method, and equity forwards, determined by the reverse treasury stock method, as follows:

 
  Net Income
Attributable
to Common
Stock

  Average
Shares

  Earnings
per Share

 
Three months ended March 31, 2002                  
Basic EPS   $ 419,469   155,629   $ 2.70  
Dilutive effect of stock options, warrants, equity forwards and deferred compensation       4,054     (.07 )
   
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ 419,469   159,683   $ 2.63  
   
 
 
 

Three months ended March 31, 2001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Basic EPS   $ 26,926   163,051   $ .17  
Dilutive effect of stock options, warrants, equity forwards and deferred compensation       6,888     (.01 )
   
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ 26,926   169,939   $ .16  
   
 
 
 

6. Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Strategy

        The Company maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to minimize the economic effect of interest rate volatility. The Company's goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity by modifying the repricing or maturity characteristics of

10



certain balance sheet assets and liabilities so that the net interest margin is not, on a material basis, adversely affected by movements in interest rates. Management believes certain derivative transactions are economically effective; however, those transactions may not qualify for hedge accounting under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 ("SFAS 133"), "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" (as discussed below) and thus may adversely impact earnings. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in market value. Income or loss on the derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged assets and liabilities will generally offset the effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation. The Company views this strategy as a prudent management of interest rate sensitivity.

        By using derivative instruments, the Company is exposed to credit and market risk. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counterparty owes the Company. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, it has no credit risk. If the counterparty fails to perform, credit risk is equal to the extent of the fair value gain in a derivative. The Company minimizes the credit (or repayment) risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties that are reviewed periodically by the Company's credit committee. The Company also maintains a policy of requiring that all derivative contracts be governed by an International Swaps and Derivative Association Master Agreement. Depending on the nature of the derivative transaction, bilateral collateral arrangements may be required as well. When the Company has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a counterparty, and there exists legally enforceable netting provisions with the counterparty (i.e. a legal right of a setoff of receivable and payable derivative contracts), the "net" mark-to-market exposure represents the netting of the positive and negative exposures with the same counterparty. When there is a net negative exposure, the Company considers its exposure to the counterparty to be zero. The Company's policy is to use agreements containing netting provisions with all counterparties.

        Market risk is the effect that a change in interest rates, or implied volatility rates, has on the value of a financial instrument. The Company manages the market risk associated with interest rates by establishing and monitoring limits as to the types and degree of risk.

        The Company's Audit/Finance Committee of the Board of Directors, as part of its oversight of the Company's asset/liability and treasury functions, monitors the Company's derivative activities. The Company is responsible for implementing various hedging strategies. The resulting hedging strategies are then incorporated into the Company's overall interest rate risk management and trading strategies.

SFAS 133

        Derivative instruments that are used as part of the Company's interest rate risk management strategy include interest rate swaps, interest rate futures contracts, and interest rate floor and cap contracts with indices that relate to the pricing of specific balance sheet assets and liabilities. On January 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS 133. SFAS 133 requires that every derivative instrument, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. Derivative instruments are classified and accounted for by the Company as either fair value, cash flow, or trading as defined by SFAS 133.

11



Fair Value Hedges

        Fair value hedges are generally used by the Company to hedge the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognized fixed rate asset or liability. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate assets into variable rate assets and fixed rate debt into variable rate debt. For hedges of fixed rate debt, the Company considers all components of the derivatives' gain and/or loss when assessing hedge effectiveness. For hedges of fixed rate assets, the Company considers only the changes due to interest rate movements when assessing effectiveness.

Cash Flow Hedges

        Cash flow hedges are generally used by the Company to hedge the exposure of variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction. The Company uses futures contracts to hedge its interest rate risk on its assets and liabilities. This strategy is used primarily to minimize the exposure to volatility in interest rates. Gains and losses on derivative contracts are accumulated in other comprehensive income and reclassified to current period earnings when the stated hedged transactions occur (in which case gains and losses are amortized over the life of the transaction) or are deemed unlikely to occur (in which case gains and losses are taken immediately). The Company expects to reclassify $6 million of after-tax net losses during the next 12 months related to futures contracts closed as of March 31, 2002. In addition, the Company expects to reclassify as earnings portions of the accumulated deferred net losses related to open futures contracts during the next 12 months based on the anticipated issuance of debt. In assessing hedge effectiveness, all components of each derivative's gains or losses are included in the assessment.

        The maximum term over which the Company is hedging its exposure to the variability of future cash flows (for all forecasted transactions, excluding interest payments on variable rate debt) is one year.

Trading Activities

        When instruments do not qualify as hedges under SFAS 133, they are classified as trading. The Company purchases interest rate caps and futures contracts and sells interest rate floors, caps, and futures contracts to lock in reset rates on floating rate debt and interest rate swaps, and to partially offset the embedded floor options in student loan assets. These relationships do not satisfy hedging qualifications under SFAS 133, but are considered economic hedges for risk management purposes. The Company uses this strategy to minimize its exposure to floating rate volatility.

        The Company also uses basis swaps to "lock-in" a desired spread between the Company's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. These swaps usually possess a term of one to seven years with a pay rate indexed to Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52 week Treasury bill, or constant maturity Treasury rates. The specific terms and notional amounts of the swaps are determined based on management's review of its asset/liability structure, its assessment of future interest rate relationships, and on other factors such as short-term strategic initiatives. In addition, interest rate swaps and futures contracts which do not qualify as fair value or cash flow hedges are classified as trading.

12



        The Company also uses various purchased option-based products for overall asset/liability management purposes, including options on interest rate swaps, floor contracts, and cap contracts. These purchased products are not linked to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact

        The following tables summarize the fair and notional value of all derivative instruments and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings.

 
  March 31,
 
 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
 
 
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
 
Fair Values (Dollars in millions)                                      
Interest rate swaps   $   $   $ (61 ) $ (67 ) $ (145 ) $ (42 )
Floor/Cap contracts                     (520 )   (400 )
Futures     (1 )   (44 )           11      
Hedged item             340     413          

Notional Values (Dollars in billions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps   $   $   $ 12.6   $ 1.8   $ 55.5   $ 41.5  
Floor/Cap contracts                     21.9     16.2  
Futures     33.5     27.4             51.9      

13


 
  Three months ended March 31,

 
 
  Cash Flow

  Fair Value

  Trading

 
 
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
 
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Changes to other comprehensive income, net of tax                                      
Other comprehensive income, net   $ 27   $ (22 ) $   $   $ 1 5 $ (39) 5
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Earnings Summary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Recognition of closed futures contracts' gains/losses
into earnings1
  $ (38 ) $ (16 ) $   $   $ (53 ) $ (9 )

Amortization of transition adjustment2

 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 

(1

)

 

13

 
Mark-to-market earnings3             4 4   (9 )4   284     (159 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total earnings impact   $ (38 ) $ (16 ) $ 4   $ (9 ) $ 230   $ (155 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

1
Reported as interest expense (for hedges where the stated transaction occurred) or as gains and losses on sales of securities (for discontinued hedges and closed futures contracts classified as "trading") in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
2
Reported as a component of other operating income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
3
Reported as derivative market value adjustment in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
4
The mark-to-market earnings for fair value hedges represent amounts related to ineffectiveness.
5
Represents transition adjustment and related amortization out of other comprehensive income, net.

        The following table shows the components of the change in accumulated other comprehensive income net, for derivatives.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
(Dollars in millions)              
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net
             
Balance at beginning of period   $ (50 ) $  
Transition adjustment         (39 )
Transition adjustment amortization     1      
Additions due to changes in fair value of cash flow hedges     3     (33 )
Amortizations     2     1  
Discontinued hedges     22     10  
   
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ (22 ) $ (61 )
   
 
 

14


        The table below reconciles the mark-to-market earnings to the change in fair values for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  Fair Value

  Trading

 
 
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
 
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
 
Change in value of hedged item   $ 49   $ 16   $   $  
Change in value of derivatives     (45 )   (25 )   283     (205 )
Premiums received from caps/floors             1     77  
Extinguishment of floor contracts                 (31 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total mark-to-market earnings   $ 4   $ (9 ) $ 284   $ (159 )
   
 
 
 
 

7. Acquisitions

        On January 2, 2002, the Company completed the acquisition of Pioneer Credit Recovery, Inc. ("Pioneer"), an Arcade, NY, based company that provides loan delinquency and default services on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Department of Treasury, and hundreds of other clients. The acquisition price was $38 million in cash. Based on a preliminary allocation of the purchase price, the Company recorded $30 million in goodwill. Pioneer's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2001 and for the three months ended March 31, 2002 were immaterial to the Company's financial position and its results of operations. The fair value of Pioneer's assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition are presented below (Dollars in millions):

Cash   $ 2  
Goodwill     30  
Other assets     7  
Other liabilities     (1 )
   
 
Fair value of net assets acquired   $ 38  
   
 

        On January 31, 2002, the Company completed the acquisition of General Revenue Corporation ("GRC"), a Cincinnati, OH, based company that is the nation's largest university-focused collection agency. The acquisition price was $29 million in cash and stock. Based on a preliminary allocation of the purchase price, the Company recorded $21 million in goodwill. GRC's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2001 and for the three months ended March 31, 2002 were immaterial to the Company's financial position and its results of operations. The fair value of GRC's assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition are presented below (Dollars in millions):

Cash and investments   $ 4  
Goodwill     21  
Other assets     6  
Other liabilities     (2 )
   
 
Fair value of net assets acquired   $ 29  
   
 

15



Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

OVERVIEW

        On August 7, 1997, in accordance with the Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996 (the "Privatization Act") and approval by shareholders of an agreement and plan of reorganization, the Student Loan Marketing Association ("the GSE") was reorganized into a subsidiary of USA Education, Inc. (the "Reorganization"). USA Education, Inc. is a holding company that operates through a number of subsidiaries including the GSE. References herein to the "Company" refer to the GSE and its subsidiaries for periods prior to the Reorganization and to USA Education, Inc. and its subsidiaries for periods after the Reorganization. USA Education, Inc. will be renamed SLM Corporation effective May 17, 2002.

        The Company is the largest private source of funding, delivery and servicing support for education loans in the United States, primarily through its participation in the Federal Family Education Loan Program ("FFELP"), formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. The Company's products and services include student loan purchases and commitments to purchase student loans, student loan servicing and collections, as well as operational support to originators of student loans and to post-secondary education institutions, guarantors and other education-related financial services. The Company also originates, purchases, holds and services non-federally insured private loans.

        The following Management's Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management's current expectations as of the date of this document. Discussions that utilize the words "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate" and "expect" and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company's management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results of the Company to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in the terms of educational loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in such laws and regulations; which may reduce the volume, average term and costs of yields on student loans under the FFELP or result in loans being originated or refinanced under non-FFELP programs or may affect the terms upon which banks and others agree to sell FFELP loans to the Company. The Company could also be affected by changes in the demand for educational financing and consumer lending or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; changes in the general interest rate environment and in the securitization markets for education loans, which may increase the costs or limit the availability of financings necessary to initiate, purchase or carry education loans; losses from default; and changes in prepayment rates and credit spreads.

16



SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Condensed Statements of Income

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

  Increase (decrease)
 
 
  2002
  2001
  $
  %
 
Net interest income   $ 281   $ 180   $ 101   56 %
Less: provision for losses     20     14     6   49  
   
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provision for losses     261     166     95   57  
Gains on student loan securitizations     44     9     35   367  
Servicing and securitization revenue     195     120     75   62  
(Losses) on sales of securities     (89 )   (31 )   (58 ) 184  
Guarantor servicing and collection fees     80     55     25   45  
Derivative market value adjustment     288     (168 )   456   (271 )
Other income     42     70     (28 ) (42 )
Operating expenses     167     167        
Income taxes     232     21     211   1,014  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiary         3     (3 ) (100 )
   
 
 
 
 
Net income     422     30     392   1,317  
Preferred stock dividends     3     3        
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 419   $ 27   $ 392   1,458 %
   
 
 
 
 

Basic earnings per share

 

$

2.70

 

$

...17

 

$

2.53

 

1,533

%
   
 
 
 
 

Diluted earnings per share

 

$

2.63

 

$

...16

 

$

2.47

 

1,558

%
   
 
 
 
 

Dividends per common share

 

$

...20

 

$

...18

 

$

...02

 

14

%
   
 
 
 
 

Condensed Balance Sheets

 
   
   
  Increase (decrease)
 
 
  March 31,
2002

  December 31,
2001

 
 
  $
  %
 
Assets                        
Student loans, net   $ 40,962   $ 41,001   $ (39 ) %
Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     1,680     1,768     (88 ) (5 )
Cash and investments     5,524     5,787     (263 ) (5 )
Other assets     4,278     4,318     (40 ) (1 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 52,444   $ 52,874   $ (430 ) (1 )%
   
 
 
 
 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Short-term borrowings   $ 30,745   $ 31,065   $ (320 ) (1 )%
Long-term notes     17,412     17,285     127   1  
Other liabilities     2,333     2,852     (519 ) (18 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities     50,490     51,202     (712 ) (1 )
   
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     4,128     3,750     378   10  
Common stock held in treasury at cost     2,174     2,078     96   5  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total stockholders' equity     1,954     1,672     282   17  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 52,444   $ 52,874   $ (430 ) (1 )%
   
 
 
 
 

17


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

EARNINGS SUMMARY

        For the three months ended March 31, 2002, the Company's net income calculated in accordance with GAAP was $422 million ($2.63 diluted earnings per share), versus net income of $30 million ($.16 diluted earnings per share) in the first quarter of 2001. The increase in GAAP net income in the first quarter of 2002 versus the year-ago quarter was attributable to several significant factors. The Company increased the on-balance sheet average balance of student loans by $3.6 billion, and the lower interest rate environment increased after-tax floor revenue by $42 million in the first quarter of 2002 versus the year-ago quarter. The net impact of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 ("SFAS 133"), "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," resulted in a net after-tax mark-to-market gain of $187 million in the first quarter of 2002, compared to a net after-tax mark-to-market loss of $109 million in the first quarter of 2001. The increase in GAAP net income in the first quarter 2002 versus the year-ago quarter was also due to an increase in after-tax servicing and securitization revenue of $49 million, an increase in after-tax securitization gains of $23 million, and an after-tax increase in guarantor servicing and collection fees of $16 million, primarily attributable to the acquisitions of Pioneer and GRC (see Note 7 in the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements"). These first quarter 2002 increases to net income were partially offset by additional after-tax losses on sales of securities of $38 million over the year-ago quarter.

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company securitized $3.5 billion of student loans in two transactions and recorded after-tax securitization gains of $29 million. In comparison, during the first quarter of 2001, the Company securitized $1.8 billion of student loans in one transaction and recorded after-tax securitization gains of $6 million.

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company repurchased 1.5 million common shares through its open market purchases and equity forward settlements and issued a net 1.3 million shares as a result of benefit plans. Common shares outstanding at March 31, 2002 totaled 155 million shares.

        Management believes that in addition to results of operations as reported in accordance with GAAP, another important measure is "core cash basis" results of operations under the assumptions that securitization transactions are treated as financings, not sales, and thereby gains on such sales and subsequent servicing and securitization revenues are eliminated from net income. In addition, the effects of SFAS 133 are excluded from "core cash basis" results and the economic hedge effects of derivative instruments are recognized. "Core cash basis" results also exclude the benefit of floor revenue, certain gains and losses on sales of investment securities and student loans, and the amortization of goodwill and acquired intangible assets. (See "Pro-forma Statements of Income" for a detailed discussion of "core cash basis" net income.)

        The Company's "core cash basis" net income was $170 million ($1.05 diluted earnings per share) for the three months ended March 31, 2002 versus $145 million ($.84 diluted earnings per share) for the three months ended March 31, 2001. The increase in "core cash basis" net income in the first quarter of 2002 versus the first quarter of 2001 is mainly due to the $4.0 billion increase in the average balance of the Company's managed portfolio of student loans, lower funding costs, an increase in guarantor servicing and collections fee income, and a decrease in operating expenses.

NET INTEREST INCOME

        Net interest income is derived largely from the Company's portfolio of student loans that remain on-balance sheet. The "Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income" analysis set forth below is designed to facilitate a comparison of non-taxable asset yields to taxable yields on a similar basis. Additional information regarding the return on the Company's student loan portfolio is set forth under "Student Loans—Student Loan Spread Analysis."

18



        Taxable equivalent net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2002 versus the three months ended March 31, 2001 increased by $105 million while the net interest margin increased by 86 basis points. The increase in taxable equivalent net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2002 was principally due to the $3.6 billion increase in the average balance of student loans and the increase in floor income over the year-ago quarter. The increase in the net interest margin for the first quarter of 2002 versus the first quarter of 2001 was reflective of the higher average balance of student loans as a percentage of average total earning assets and the increase in floor income.

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

        The amounts in this table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

  Increase
(decrease)

 
 
  2002
  2001
  $
  %
 
Interest income                        
  Student loans   $ 534   $ 713   $ (179 ) (25 )%
  Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     19     29     (10 ) (34 )
  Investments     45     133     (88 ) (66 )
  Taxable equivalent adjustment     4         4   100  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total taxable equivalent interest income     602     875     (273 ) (31 )
Interest expense     317     695     (378 ) (54 )
   
 
 
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 285   $ 180   $ 105   59 %
   
 
 
 
 

Average Balance Sheets

        The following table reflects the taxable equivalent rates earned on earning assets and paid on liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
Student loans   $ 42,357   5.12 % $ 38,709   7.47 %
Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     1,716   5.07     1,836   7.09  
Investments     5,372   3.47     8,625   6.09  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     49,445   4.94 %   49,170   7.21 %
         
       
 

Non-interest earning assets

 

 

4,916

 

 

 

 

4,238

 

 

 
   
     
     
  Total assets   $ 54,361       $ 53,408      
   
     
     

Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Six month floating rate notes   $ 3,084   1.94 % $ 4,797   5.54 %
Other short-term borrowings     29,635   2.22     32,158   5.61  
Long-term notes     17,294   3.27     13,008   5.74  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     50,013   2.57 %   49,963   5.64 %
         
       
 

Non-interest bearing liabilities

 

 

2,543

 

 

 

 

2,136

 

 

 
Stockholders' equity     1,805         1,309      
   
     
     
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 54,361       $ 53,408      
   
     
     

Net interest margin

 

 

 

 

2.34

%

 

 

 

1.48

%
         
       
 

19


Rate/Volume Analysis

        The Rate/Volume Analysis below shows the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes. The amounts in this table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.

 
   
  Increase (decrease)
attributable to
change in

 
  Taxable
equivalent
increase
(decrease)

 
  Rate
  Volume
Three months ended March 31, 2002 vs. three months ended
March 31, 2001
                 
Taxable equivalent interest income   $ (273 ) $ (290 ) $ 17
Interest expense     (378 )   (391 )   13
   
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 105   $ 101   $ 4
   
 
 

Student Loans

Student Loan Spread Analysis

        The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, the Company will continue to earn servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized student loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information presented in "Securitization Program—Servicing and Securitization Revenue" analyzes the on-going servicing revenue and residual interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of the Company's student loan spread for the entire portfolio of managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "'Core Cash Basis' Student Loan Spread and Net Interest Income."

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
On-Balance Sheet              
Adjusted student loan yields     5.90 %   8.18 %
Consolidation loan rebate fees     (.35 )   (.28 )
Offset fees     (.11 )   (.14 )
Borrower benefits     (.07 )   (.07 )
Premium amortization     (.25 )   (.22 )
   
 
 
Student loan income     5.12     7.47  
Student loan cost of funds     (2.54 )   (5.81 )
   
 
 
Student loan spread     2.58 %   1.66 %
   
 
 

Off-Balance Sheet

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Servicing and securitization revenue     2.60 %   1.62 %
   
 
 

Average Balances

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 42,357   $ 38,709  
Securitized student loans     30,391     30,028  
   
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 72,748   $ 68,737  
   
 
 

        The Company's portfolio of student loans originated under the FFELP has a variety of unique interest rate characteristics. The Company generally earns interest at the greater of the borrower's rate

20



or a floating rate determined by reference to one of the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate) in a calendar quarter, plus a fixed spread which is dependent upon when the loan was originated. If the resulting floating rate exceeds the borrower rate, the Department of Education pays the difference directly to the Company. This payment is referred to as SAP. If the resulting floating rate is less than the rate the borrower is obligated to pay, the Company simply earns interest at the borrower rate. In all cases, the rate a borrower pays sets a minimum rate for determining the yield the Company earns on the loan. Borrowers' interest rates are either fixed to term or are reset annually on July 1 of each year depending on when the loan was originated.

        The Company generally finances its student loan portfolio with floating rate debt tied to the 91-day Treasury bill auctions, the commercial paper index, the 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate, either directly or through the use of derivative financial instruments intended to mimic the interest rate characteristics of the student loans. Such borrowings in general, however, do not have minimum rates. As a result, in certain declining interest rate environments, the portfolio of managed student loans may be earning at the minimum borrower rate while the Company's funding costs (exclusive of fluctuations in funding spreads) will generally decline along with short-term interest rates. For loans where the borrower's interest rate is fixed to term, lower interest rates may benefit the spread earned on student loans for extended periods of time. For loans where the borrower's interest rate is reset annually, any benefit of a low interest rate environment will only enhance student loan spreads through the next annual reset of the borrower's interest rates, which occurs on July 1 of each year. The effect of this enhanced spread is referred to as floor income.

        Low average Treasury bill rates in the first quarter of 2002 benefited the Company's on-balance sheet student loan income, net of payments under floor revenue contracts (see "Student Loan Floor Revenue Contracts"), by $76 million of which $22 million was attributable to student loans with minimum borrower rates fixed to term and $54 million was attributable to student loans with minimum borrower rates adjusting annually. Higher average Treasury bill rates in the first quarter of 2001 decreased the Company's benefit from student loans earning at the minimum borrower rate included in student loan income, net of payments under floor revenue contracts, to $12 million, of which $1 million was attributable to student loans with minimum borrower rates fixed to term and $11 million was attributable to student loans with minimum borrower rates adjusted annually.

        The 92 basis point increase in the student loan spread in the first quarter of 2002 versus the year-ago period is due primarily to the increase in floor income, attributable to lower short-term interest rates, and a decrease in the student loan cost of funds.

        The following table analyzes the ability of the FFELP student loans in the Company's managed student loan portfolio to earn at the minimum borrower interest rate at March 31, 2002 and 2001, based on the last Treasury bill auctions applicable to those periods (1.85 percent and 4.31 percent,

21



respectively). Commercial paper rate loans are based upon the last commercial paper rate applicable to those periods (1.83 percent and 4.68 percent, respectively).

 
  March 31, 2002
  March 31, 2001
 
(Dollars in billions)

  Fixed
Borrower
Rate

  Annually
Reset
Borrower
Rate

  Total
  Fixed
Borrower
Rate

  Annually
Reset
Borrower
Rate

  Total
 
Student loans eligible to earn at the minimum
borrower rate
  $ 19.3   $ 39.4   $ 58.7   $ 16.2   $ 39.4   $ 55.6  
Less notional amount of floor interest contracts     (13.2 )   (5.0 )   (18.2 )   (7.6 )       (7.6 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net student loans eligible to earn at the minimum borrower rate   $ 6.1   $ 34.4   $ 40.5   $ 8.6   $ 39.4   $ 48.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net student loans earning at the minimum
borrower rate

 

$

6.1

 

$

34.4

 

$

40.5

 

$

7.7

 

$

39.3

 

$

47.0

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Student Loan Floor Revenue Contracts

        The Company has entered into contracts with third parties to monetize the value of the minimum borrower interest rate feature of its portfolio of FFELP student loans. Under these contracts, referred to as "floor revenue contracts," the Company receives an upfront payment and agrees to pay the difference between (1) the minimum borrower interest rate less the spread ("the strike rate") and (2) the average of the index over the period of the contract. If the strike rate is less than the average of the index, then no payment is required. Prior to the implementation of SFAS 133, these upfront payments were amortized over the average life of the contracts. With the adoption of SFAS 133 on January 1, 2001, the upfront premiums are no longer being amortized to student loan income but are reported as other liabilities as part of the derivative valuation.

        Effective December 31, 2000, in anticipation of the adoption of SFAS 133, the floor revenue contracts were de-designated as effective hedges and marked-to-market. The net effect of the fair market value of these contracts and the unamortized upfront payment was a loss totaling $104 million. This loss was reclassified to student loan premium and is being amortized over the average life of the student loan portfolio. At March 31, 2002, the unamortized balance related to the fair market value of these contracts in student loan premium totaled $68 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, the related amortization totaled $3 million and $4 million, respectively, and the premium write-off due to securitization totaled $6 million and $4 million, respectively.

        Since these contracts are no longer considered effective hedges for GAAP, the Company marks to market the floor revenue contracts. For the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized a $226 million pre-tax mark-to-market gain and a $115 million pre-tax mark-to-market loss, respectively, attributable to floor revenue contracts due to the implementation of SFAS 133. At March 31, 2002, the outstanding notional amount of floor revenue contracts totaled $18.2 billion.

Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses

        The provision for loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio of student loans. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the provision for losses on its federally insured portfolio of student loans separately from its non-federally insured portfolio. For the federally insured portfolio, the Company primarily considers trends in student loan claims rejected for payment by guarantors due to servicing defects as well as overall default rates on those FFELP student loans subject to the two-percent risk-

22



sharing, i.e., those loans that are insured as to 98 percent of principal and accrued interest. Once a student loan is rejected for claim payment, the Company's policy is to continue to pursue the recovery of principal and interest. Due to the nature of FFELP loans and the extensive collection efforts in which the Company engages, the Company currently writes off an unpaid claim once it has aged to two years.

        For the non-federally insured portfolio of student loans, the Company primarily considers recent trends in delinquencies, charge-offs and recoveries, historical trends in loan volume by program, economic conditions and credit and underwriting policies. A large percentage of the Company's non-federally insured loans have not matured to a point at which predictable loan loss patterns have developed. Accordingly, the evaluation of the provision for loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. Management believes that the provision for loan losses is adequate to cover anticipated losses in the student loan portfolio. An analysis of the Company's allowance for loan losses is presented in the following table.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Balance at beginning of period   $ 265   $ 227  
Provision for losses     20     13  
Other         5  
Charge-offs:              
  Non-federally insured loans     (13 )   (7 )
  Federally insured loans     (3 )   (5 )
   
 
 
    Total charge-offs     (16 )   (12 )
Recoveries:              
  Non-federally insured loans     1     1  
  Federally insured loans     1     1  
   
 
 
    Total recoveries     2     2  
Net charge-offs     (14 )   (10 )
   
 
 
Reduction for sale of student loans     (2 )   (3 )
   
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ 269   $ 232  
   
 
 
Allocation of the allowance for loan losses:              
Non-federally insured loans   $ 206   $ 182  
Federally insured loans     63     50  
   
 
 
    Total   $ 269   $ 232  
   
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average student loans     .14 %   .11 %
Total allowance as a percentage of average student loans     .63 %   .60 %
Non-federally insured allowance as a percentage of the ending balance of non-federally insured loans     4.18 %   5.20 %
Average student loans   $ 42,357   $ 38,709  
Ending student loans   $ 40,962   $ 38,525  

        The increase in the provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2002 versus March 31, 2001 of $7 million is primarily attributable to the 43 percent increase in volume of non-federally insured student loans quarter over quarter. As the volume of non-federally insured loans increases and begins to age, the Company obtains more historical data on default rates for these loans. Based on management's assumptions and on actual loan performance, the Company re-evaluates the requirements for its provision for loan losses. In the first quarter 2002, non-federally insured loan write-

23



offs increased by $6 million over the first quarter 2001 which is primarily attributable to the increased volume and aging of this portfolio.

On-Balance Sheet Funding Costs

        The Company's borrowings are generally variable-rate indexed principally to the 91-day Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate. The following table summarizes the average balance of on-balance sheet debt (by index, after giving effect to the impact of interest rate swaps) for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Index

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

 
Treasury bill, principally 91-day   $ 26,507   2.22 % $ 31,957   5.53 %
LIBOR     1,620   2.26     1,850   6.16  
Discount notes     6,648   2.06     10,554   5.62  
Fixed     6,746   5.07     3,226   6.24  
Zero coupon     205   11.14     183   11.14  
Commercial paper     6,667   1.76     921   5.76  
Auction rate securities     1,101   1.90     1,101   4.85  
Other     519   1.47     171   5.74  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 50,013   2.57 % $ 49,963   5.64 %
   
 
 
 
 

Securitization Program

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company completed two securitization transactions in which a total of $3.5 billion of student loans were sold to a special purpose finance subsidiary and by that subsidiary to a trust that issued asset-backed securities to fund the student loans to term. Also in the first quarter 2002, the Company sold $30 million of student loans through the recycling provisions of prior securitizations. During the first quarter of 2001, the Company securitized $1.8 billion in one transaction.

Gains on Student Loan Securitizations

        For the three months ended March 31, 2002, the Company recorded pre-tax securitization gains of $44 million, which was 1.25 percent of the portfolio securitized, versus $9 million gains in the first quarter of 2001 or .53 percent of the portfolio securitized. Gains on future securitizations will continue to vary depending on the size and the loan characteristics of the loan portfolios securitized and the funding costs prevailing in the securitization debt markets at the time of the transaction.

Servicing and Securitization Revenue

        Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools, includes both the revenue the Company receives for servicing loans in the securitization trusts and the income

24



earned on the residual interest. The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue:

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
  2002
  2001
Servicing revenue less amortization of servicing asset   $ 66   $ 64
Securitization revenue     129     56
   
 
Total servicing and securitization revenue   $ 195   $ 120
   
 

        In the first quarter of 2002, servicing and securitization revenue was 2.60 percent of average securitized loans versus 1.62 percent in the year-ago quarter. The increase in servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of securitized student loans in the first quarter of 2002 versus the first quarter of 2001 is principally due to the impact of the decline in Treasury bill and commercial paper rates during the first quarter of 2002, which increased the earnings from those student loans in the trusts that were earning the minimum borrower rate in a manner similar to on-balance sheet student loans.

OTHER INCOME

        Other income, exclusive of gains on student loan securitizations, servicing and securitization revenue, the derivative market value adjustment, and gains and losses on sales of investment securities and student loans, totaled $122 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002 versus $125 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. Other income mainly includes guarantor servicing and collection fees, late fees earned on student loans, revenue received from servicing third party portfolios of student loans, and commitment fees for letters of credit. Guarantor servicing and collection fees arise primarily from four categories of services that correspond to the student loan life cycle. They include fees from loan originations, the maintenance of loan guarantees, default prevention, and collections. Guarantor servicing and collection fees totaled $80 million in the first quarter of 2002 versus $55 million in the first quarter of 2001. Late fees totaled $15 million in each of the first quarters of 2002 and 2001. Third party servicing fees totaled $13 million in the first quarter of 2002 versus $14 million in the first quarter of 2001. Commitment fees for letters of credit totaled $3 million in each of the first quarters of 2002 and 2001.

        The increase in guarantor servicing and collection fees in the first quarter of 2002 versus the first quarter of 2001 was principally due to the growth in the guarantor servicing and collections businesses, including $12 million from the acquisitions of Pioneer and GRC in the first quarter of 2002 (see Note 7 in the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements"). This increase was partially offset by lower fee income in the first quarter of 2002 due to the sale of the student information software business in the first quarter of 2002.

OPERATING EXPENSES

        The following table summarizes the components of operating expenses:

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
  2002
  2001
Servicing and acquisition expenses   $ 117   $ 91
General and administrative expenses     50     76
   
 
Total operating expenses   $ 167   $ 167
   
 

25


        Operating expenses include costs to service the Company's managed student loan portfolio, operational costs incurred in the process of acquiring student loan portfolios, general and administrative expenses, and operational costs associated with its guarantor servicing and collections operations. Operating expenses for each of the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001 were $167 million. The increase in servicing and acquisition expenses for the first quarter of 2002 versus the first quarter of 2001 was principally the result of additional operating expenses associated with the acquisitions of Pioneer and GRC (see Note 7 in the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements") and the growth in the guarantor servicing and collections businesses. These increases were offset by a decrease in general and administrative expenses principally due to a renewed focus on expense management, the sale of the student information software business, and seasonality.

STUDENT LOAN PURCHASES

        The following table summarizes the components of the Company's student loan purchase activity:

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
  2002
  2001
Preferred channel   $ 3,288   $ 2,827
Other commitment clients     174     209
Spot purchases     159     127
Consolidations     417     169
Other     288     296
   
 
Subtotal     4,326     3,628
Managed loans acquired     193     197
   
 
Total   $ 4,519   $ 3,825
   
 

        The Company acquired $4.5 billion of student loans in the first quarter of 2002 compared with $3.8 billion in the year-ago quarter.

        In the first quarter of 2002, the Company's preferred channel originations totaled $3.8 billion versus $3.1 billion in the year-ago quarter. The pipeline of loans currently serviced and committed for purchase by the Company was $5.6 billion at March 31, 2002 versus $5.8 billion at March 31, 2001.

        The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's managed portfolio of student loans for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Beginning balance   $ 71,726   $ 67,515  
Purchases     4,069     3,385  
Capitalized interest     450     440  
Repayments, claims, other     (1,993 )   (1,929 )
Write-offs to reserves     (21 )   (16 )
Loans consolidated from USA Education, Inc.     (775 )   (343 )
   
 
 
Ending balance   $ 73,456   $ 69,052  
   
 
 

LEVERAGED LEASES

        The Company has investments in leveraged leases at March 31, 2002 totaling $289 million, of which $278 million represent general obligations of major U.S. commercial airlines. The airline industry

26



has been in a state of uncertainty since the events of September 11, 2001. All payment obligations remain current and the Company has not been notified of any counterparty's intention to default on any payment obligations. In the event of default, any potential loss would be partially mitigated by recoveries on the sale of the aircraft collateral and elimination of expected tax liabilities reflected in the balance sheet of $249 million at March 31, 2002. Any potential loss would be increased by incremental tax obligations related to forgiveness of debt obligations or any taxable gain recognized on the sale of the aircraft.

PRO-FORMA STATEMENTS OF INCOME

        Under GAAP, the Company's securitization transactions have been treated as sales. At the time of sale, the Company records a residual interest that equals the present value of the estimated future net cash flows from the portfolio of loans sold. In addition, the Company records a gain on student loan securitizations based on the approximate difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the assets sold. Fees earned for servicing the loan portfolios and interest earned on the residual interest are recognized over the life of the securitization transaction as servicing and securitization revenue. Income recognition is effectively accelerated through the recognition of a gain at the time of sale while the ultimate realization of such income remains dependent on the actual performance, over time, of the loans that were securitized.

        Most of the derivative contracts into which the Company enters are effective economic hedges for its interest rate risk management strategy but are not effective hedges under SFAS 133 because they do not typically extend to the full term of the hedged item. The majority of these hedges are treated as "trading" for GAAP purposes and therefore the resulting mark-to-market is taken into GAAP earnings. In addition, SFAS 133 requires that the Company mark-to-market its written options but none of its embedded options in its student loan assets. Effectively, in this case, SFAS 133 recognizes the liability, but not the corresponding asset.

        Management believes that, in addition to results of operations as reported in accordance with GAAP, another important performance measure is pro-forma results of operations under the assumption that the securitization transactions are financings and that the securitized student loans were not sold. In addition, the effects of SFAS 133 are excluded from the pro-forma results of operations and the economic hedge effects of derivative instruments are recognized. The pro-forma results of operations also exclude the benefit of floor income, certain gains and losses on sales of investment securities and student loans, and the amortization and changes in market value of goodwill and acquired intangible assets. The following pro-forma statements of income present the Company's results of operations under these assumptions. Management refers to these pro-forma results as "core cash basis" statements of income. Management monitors the periodic "core cash basis" earnings of the Company's managed student loan portfolio and believes that they assist in a better understanding of the Company's student loan business.

27


        The following tables present the "core cash basis" statements of income and reconciliations to GAAP net income as reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
"Core Cash Basis" Statements of Income:              
Insured student loans   $ 805   $ 1,271  
Advances/Facilities     19     29  
Investments     46     139  
   
 
 
Total interest income     870     1,439  
Interest expense     (536 )   (1,143 )
   
 
 
Net interest income     334     296  
Less: provision for losses     27     19  
   
 
 
Net interest income after provision for losses     307     277  
   
 
 
Other income:              
  Guarantor servicing and collection fees     80     56  
  Other     41     56  
   
 
 
Total other income     121     112  
Total operating expenses     161     159  
   
 
 
Income before taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiary     267     230  
Income taxes     97     82  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiary         3  
   
 
 
"Core cash basis" net income     170     145  
Preferred stock dividends     3     3  
   
 
 
"Core cash basis" net income attributable to common stock   $ 167   $ 142  
   
 
 

"Core cash basis" diluted earnings per share

 

$

1.05

 

$

...84

 
   
 
 
 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Reconciliation of GAAP net income to "core cash basis" net income:              
GAAP net income   $ 422   $ 30  
"Core cash basis" adjustments:              
  Net interest income on securitized loans     207     147  
  Floor income on managed loans     (182 )   (38 )
  Provision for losses on securitized loans     (7 )   (6 )
  Gains on student loan securitizations     (44 )   (9 )
  Servicing and securitization revenue     (195 )   (120 )
  Losses on sales of securities     86     20  
  Goodwill and intangible amortization (A)     6     8  
  Net impact of derivative accounting     (259 )   175  
   
 
 
Total "core cash basis" adjustments     (388 )   177  
Net tax effect (B)     136     (62 )
   
 
 
"Core cash basis" net income   $ 170   $ 145  
   
 
 

(A)
Goodwill amortized only prior to 2002.
(B)
Such tax effect is based upon the Company's marginal tax rate for the respective period.

28


        In the first quarter of 2002, the Company recognized $259 million of net, pre-tax gains due to the net impact of derivative accounting versus $175 million of net, pre-tax losses in the first quarter of 2001. The net impact of derivative accounting represents the reversal of SFAS 133 income statement items and "core cash basis" adjustments based upon guidance for derivative accounting prior to the implementation of SFAS 133. These are summarized as follows:

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Reversal of SFAS 133 income statement items:              
  Net derivative mark-to-market income   $ (288 ) $ 168  
  Amortization of derivative items included in other comprehensive income
at transition
    1     (13 )
"Core cash basis" derivative adjustments:              
  Amortization of premiums on floor and cap hedges     32     4  
  Reversal of amortization of floor revenue contracts de-designated as effective hedges on December 31, 2000     3     3  
  Reversal of net income impact of Eurodollar futures contracts     (7 )   13  
   
 
 
Total net impact of derivative accounting   $ (259 ) $ 175  
   
 
 

"Core Cash Basis" Student Loan Spread and Net Interest Income

        The following table analyzes the reported earnings from the Company's portfolio of managed student loans, which includes loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts.

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
"Core cash basis" student loan yields     5.19 %   8.13 %
Consolidation loan rebate fees     (.24 )   (.19 )
Offset fees     (.07 )   (.08 )
Borrower benefits     (.12 )   (.10 )
Premium amortization     (.27 )   (.26 )
   
 
 
Student loan income     4.49     7.50  
Student loan cost of funds     (2.62 )   (5.77 )
   
 
 

"Core cash basis" student loan spread

 

 

1.87

%

 

1.73

%
   
 
 

Average Balances

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Managed student loans   $ 72,748   $ 68,737  
   
 
 

        The Company generally earns interest at the greater of the borrower's rate or a floating rate determined by reference to the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate) in a calendar quarter, plus a fixed spread which is dependent upon when the loan was originated. In all cases, the rate the borrower pays sets a minimum rate for determining the yield the Company earns on the loan. The Company generally finances its student loan portfolio with floating rate debt tied to the average of the 91-day Treasury bill auctions, the commercial paper index, the 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate, either directly or through the use of derivative financial instruments intended to mimic the interest rate characteristics of the student loans. Such borrowings in general, however, do not have minimum rates.

29



As a result, in certain declining interest rate environments, the portfolio of managed student loans may be earning at the minimum borrower rate while the Company's funding costs (exclusive of fluctuations in funding spreads) will generally decline along with short term interest rates. For loans where the borrower's interest rate is fixed to term, lower interest rates may benefit the spread earned on student loans for extended periods of time. For loans where the borrower's interest rate is reset annually, any benefit of a low interest rate environment will only enhance student loan spreads through the next annual reset of the borrower's interest rate, which occurs on July 1 of each year. Due to the low Treasury bill and commercial paper rates in the first quarter of 2002 compared to the minimum borrower rates on the reset dates, the Company realized $129 million of floor revenue, which is net of $53 million in hedge transaction losses, in the first quarter of 2002 versus $32 million of floor revenue, net of $6 million in hedge transaction losses, in the year-ago quarter. These earnings have been excluded from student loan income to calculate the "core cash basis" student loan spread and "core cash basis" net income. These losses have been excluded from "core cash basis" gains (losses) on sales of securities.

        While floor revenue is excluded from "core cash basis" results, the amortization of the upfront payments received from the floor revenue contracts with fixed borrower rates is included as an addition to student loan income in the "core cash basis" results. For the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, the amortization of the upfront payments received from the floor revenue contracts with fixed borrower rates was $28 million and $8 million, respectively.

        The 14 basis point increase in the first quarter 2002 "core cash basis" student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is due to higher yields on the student loan portfolio from the mix (private loans versus federal loans), a higher percentage of federal loans in repayment status, floor revenue locked in through term hedges, and better funding spreads.

        The "core cash basis" net interest margin for the first quarters of 2002 and 2001 was 1.71 percent and 1.51 percent, respectively. The increase in the first quarter of 2002 "core cash basis" net interest margin versus the first quarter of 2001 is mainly due to an increase in the percentage of average managed student loans to average managed earning assets.

"Core Cash Basis" Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses

        The provision for loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the managed portfolio of student loans. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the provision for losses on its federally insured portfolio of managed student loans separately from its non-federally insured portfolio, and consistent with the manner utilized for the GAAP presentation (see "Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses"). An analysis of the Company's allowance for loan losses is presented in the following table.

30



"Core Cash Basis" Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses

 
  Three months ended
March 31,

 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Balance at beginning of period   $ 397   $ 335  
Provisions for losses     27     19  
Other     3     7  
Charge-offs:              
  Non-federally insured loans     (13 )   (7 )
  Federally insured loans     (10 )   (10 )
   
 
 
    Total charge-offs     (23 )   (17 )
Recoveries:              
  Non-federally insured loans     1     1  
  Federally insured loans     1     1  
   
 
 
    Total recoveries     2     2  
Net charge-offs     (21 )   (15 )
   
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ 406   $ 346  
   
 
 
Allowance of the allowance for loan losses:              
Non-federally insured loans   $ 206   $ 182  
Federally insured loans     200     164  
   
 
 
    Total   $ 406   $ 346  
   
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average managed student loans     .12 %   .09 %
Total allowance as a percentage of average managed student loans     .56 %   .50 %
Non-federally insured allowance as a percentage of the ending balance of non-federally insured loans     4.18 %   5.20 %
Average managed student loans   $ 72,748   $ 68,737  
Ending managed student loans   $ 73,456   $ 69,052  

        The first quarter 2002 "core cash basis" provision for loan losses includes $14 million for potential loan losses on the non-federally insured student loans and $13 million for potential loan losses due to risk-sharing and other claims on FFELP loans. The first quarter 2001 "core cash basis" provision for loan losses includes $6 million for potential loan losses on the non-federally insured student loans and $13 million for potential loan losses due to risk-sharing and other claims on FFELP loans.

        The provision and allowance for loan losses presented on a "core cash basis" are directly tied to the activity presented for the Company's on-balance sheet student loan portfolio. The increased volume and aging of the Company's non-federally insured student loans and management's estimates as to their effects on the allowance for loan losses were the primary causes for the increase in the provision for loan losses of $8 million in the first quarter 2002 versus 2001. The increased volume and aging also contributed to the $6 million increase in write-offs in the first quarter 2002 versus 2001.

"Core Cash Basis" Funding Costs

        The Company's borrowings are generally variable-rate indexed principally to either the 91-day Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate. The

31



following table summarizes the average balance of debt (by index, after giving effect to the impact of interest rate swaps) for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Index

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

 
Treasury bill, principally 91-day   $ 50,541   2.41 % $ 56,309   5.66 %
LIBOR     2,007   2.25     4,462   6.16  
Discount notes     6,648   2.06     10,554   5.62  
Fixed     10,296   4.89     6,579   6.94  
Zero coupon     205   11.14     183   11.14  
Commercial paper     9,364   1.85     921   5.76  
Auction rate securities     1,101   1.90     1,101   4.85  
Other     109   1.77     88   5.79  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 80,271   2.71 % $ 80,197   5.78 %
   
 
 
 
 

"Core Cash Basis" Other Income

        "Core cash basis" other income excludes gains on student loan securitizations, servicing and securitization revenue, and certain gains and losses on sales of investment securities and student loans. In addition, the effects of SFAS 133 are excluded and the economic hedge effects of derivative instruments are recognized. "Core cash basis" other income totaled $121 million for the first quarter 2002 versus $112 million in the first quarter of 2001. "Core cash basis" other income mainly includes guarantor servicing and collection fees, late fees earned on student loans, fees received from servicing third party portfolios of student loans, and commitment fees for letters of credit. The increase in first quarter 2002 "core cash basis" other income versus the year-ago quarter is principally due to the growth in the guarantor servicing and collection businesses, including $12 million generated from the acquisitions of Pioneer and GRC (see Note 7 in the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements"). This increase was partially offset by lower fee income due to the sale of the student information software business in the first quarter of 2002.

FEDERAL AND STATE TAXES

        The Company is subject to federal and state taxes, however, the GSE is exempt from all state, local, and District of Columbia income, franchise, sales and use, personal property and other taxes, except for real property taxes. This tax exemption applies only to the GSE and does not apply to USA Education, Inc. or its other operating subsidiaries. The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001 was 35 percent and 39 percent, respectively. State taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001 increased the Company's effective tax rate by one percent and nine percent, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

        The Company's primary requirements for capital are to fund the Company's operations, to purchase student loans and to repay its debt obligations while continuing to meet the GSE's statutory capital adequacy ratio test. The Company's primary sources of liquidity are through debt issuances by the GSE, off-balance sheet financings through securitizations, borrowings under the Company's commercial paper and medium term notes programs, other senior note issuances by the Company, and

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cash generated by its subsidiaries' operations and distributed through dividends to the Company. The Company's borrowings are broken down as follows:

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
 
  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

 
GSE   $ 47,091   2.59 % $ 48,609   5.63 %
Non-GSE     2,922   2.27     1,354   6.16  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)     30,258   2.95     30,234   6.01  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 80,271   2.71 % $ 80,197   5.78 %
   
 
 
 
 

        The Company's unsecured financing requirements are driven by three principal factors: refinancing of existing liabilities as they mature; financing of student loan portfolio growth; and the Company's level of securitization activity.

        In the first quarter of 2002, the Company completed two securitization transactions totaling $3.5 billion in student loans and an additional $30 million through the recycling provisions of prior securitizations. The Company manages the resulting off-balance sheet basis risk with on-balance sheet financing and derivative instruments, which principally consist of basis swaps and Eurodollar futures.

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company used the net proceeds from student loan securitizations of $3.6 billion and repayments and claim payments on student loans of $778 million to purchase student loans of $4.3 billion and to repurchase $115 million of the Company's common stock.

        Operating activities used net cash of $103 million in the first quarter of 2002, an increase of $9 million from the net cash outflows of $94 million in the year-ago quarter.

        During the first quarter of 2002, the Company issued $4.6 billion of long-term notes to refund maturing and repurchased obligations. At March 31, 2002, the Company had $17.4 billion of outstanding long-term debt issues of which $2.2 billion had stated maturities that could be accelerated through call provisions. The Company uses interest rate swaps (collateralized where appropriate), purchases of U.S. Treasury securities and other hedging techniques to reduce its exposure to interest rate fluctuations that arise from its financing activities and to match the variable interest rate characteristics of its earning assets. (See "Interest Rate Risk Management.")

        At March 31, 2002, the GSE was in compliance with its regulatory capital requirements, and had a statutory capital adequacy ratio of 3.52 percent after the effect of the dividends to be paid in the second quarter of 2002.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Interest Rate Gap Analysis

        The Company's principal objective in financing its operations is to minimize its sensitivity to changing interest rates by matching the interest rate characteristics of its borrowings to specific assets in order to lock in spreads. The Company funds its floating rate managed loan assets (most of which have weekly rate resets) with variable rate debt and fixed rate debt converted to variable rates with interest rate swaps. The Company also uses interest rate cap agreements, options on securities, and financial futures contracts to further reduce interest rate risk exposure on certain of its borrowings. Investments are funded on a "pooled" approach, i.e., the pool of liabilities that funds the investment portfolio has an average rate and maturity or reset date that corresponds to the average rate and maturity or reset date of the investments which they fund.

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        In addition to term match funding, $12.4 billion of the Company's asset-backed securities match the interest rate characteristics of the majority of the student loans in the trusts by being indexed to the 91-day Treasury bill. At March 31, 2002, there were approximately $3.8 billion of PLUS student loans outstanding in the trusts, which have interest rates that reset annually based on the final auction of 52-week Treasury bills before each July 1. In addition, at March 31, 2002, there were approximately $22.3 billion of asset-backed securities indexed to LIBOR. In its securitization transactions, the Company retains the majority of this basis risk and manages it within the trusts through its on-balance sheet financing and hedging activities. The effect of this basis risk management is included in the following table as the impact of securitized student loans.

        In the table below, the Company's variable rate assets and liabilities are categorized by reset date of the underlying index. Fixed rate assets and liabilities are categorized based on their maturity dates. An interest rate gap is the difference between volumes of assets and volumes of liabilities maturing or repricing during specific future time intervals. The following gap analysis reflects rate-sensitive positions at March 31, 2002 and is not necessarily reflective of positions that existed throughout the period.

 
  Interest Rate Sensitivity Period
 
 
  3 months or
less

  3 months to
6 months

  6 months to
1 year

  1 to 2
years

  2 to 5
years

  Over 5
years

 
Assets                                      
Student loans   $ 37,942   $ 2,327   $ 693   $   $   $  
Warehousing advances/academic facilities financings     985     30     57     96     157     355  
Cash and investments     3,790     59     115     10     254     1,296  
Other assets     407     74     147     203     553     2,894  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets     43,124     2,490     1,012     309     964     4,545  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                                      
Short-term borrowings     19,792     5,093     5,860              
Long-term notes     7,474             2,282     7,127     529  
Other liabilities     778                     1,555  
Stockholders' equity                         1,954  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity     28,044     5,093     5,860     2,282     7,127     4,038  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Off-balance Sheet Financial Instruments                                      
Interest rate swaps     (7,810)     (731)     5,061     1,965     2,476     (961 )
Impact of securitized loans     (3,768)     3,768                  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total off-balance sheet financial instruments     (11,578)     3,037     5,061     1,965     2,476     (961 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period gap   $ 3,502   $ 434   $ 213   $ (8 ) $ (3,687 ) $ (454 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative gap   $ 3,502   $ 3,936   $ 4,149   $ 4,141   $ 454   $  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of interest-sensitive assets to interest-sensitive liabilities     156.7%     47.4%     14.8%     4.6%     5.8%     312.1%  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of cumulative gap to total assets     (6.7)%     (7.5)%     (7.9)%     (7.9)%     (.9)%     —%  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

34


Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

        While the Company follows a policy to minimize its sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding its floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt, in low interest rate environments, the student loan portfolio earns at a minimum fixed interest rate. During the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company was in a low interest environment where the student loans were earning at a fixed minimum rate, while the funding costs for these loans generally continued to decrease.

        The Company chose to lock-in a portion of the income associated with this mismatch through the use of futures and swap contracts. The result of these hedging transactions was to convert a portion of floating rate debt into fixed rate debt, matching the fixed rate nature of the student loans during the low interest rate environment. Therefore, in certain low interest rate environments, the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the converted fixed rate liability is fixed.

        If interest rates rise dramatically, then rates earned on the student loan portfolio will reach a point where they will become floating again. For those student loans where the fixed loan rate (in low interest rate environments) was economically hedged by fixed rate funding (through the use of derivatives), a higher spread will be earned in a high interest rate environment. The impact of the dramatic increase in rates on the hedging positions described above resulted in an approximate $68 million and $53 million increase to pre-tax earnings in the scenario in which interest rates are increased by 300 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

        The effect of short-term movements in interest rates on the Company's results of operations and financial position has been limited through the Company's risk-management activities. The following table summarizes the effect on earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by the Company assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remained constant. The Company has chosen to show the effects of a hypothetical increase to interest rates, as an increase gives rise to a larger absolute value change to the financial statements. The effect on earnings was performed on the Company's variable rate assets, liabilities, and hedging instruments.

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
  2002
  2001
 
  Interest Rates:
  Interest Rates:
 
  Increase 100
Basis Points

  Increase 300
Basis Points

  Increase 100
Basis Points

  Increase 300
Basis Points

Effect on Earnings                        
Pre-tax net income before SFAS 133   $ (30 ) $ 28   $ (14 ) $ 38
SFAS 133 mark-to-market     336     787     239     511
   
 
 
 
Net income before taxes   $ 306   $ 815   $ 225   $ 549
   
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share before SFAS 133   $ (.122 ) $ .115   $ (.054 ) $ .146
   
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share with SFAS 133   $ 1.245   $ 3.317   $ .859   $ 2.100
   
 
 
 

        The Company also performed a sensitivity analysis on the fair values for its fixed rate assets, liabilities, and hedging instruments, assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remained constant. Based on this analysis, there has not been a material change in the fair values from December 31, 2001 as reported in the Company's Form 10-K.

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Average Terms to Maturity

        The following table reflects the average terms to maturity for the Company's managed earning assets and liabilities at March 31, 2002 (in years):

 
  On-Balance
Sheet

  Off-Balance
Sheet

  Managed
Earning assets            
Student loans   7.1   4.2   5.8
Warehousing advances   5.1     5.1
Academic facilities financings   6.5     6.5
Cash and investments   4.4     4.4
   
 
 
Total earning assets   6.7   4.2   5.7
   
 
 
Borrowings            
Short-term borrowings   .4     .4
Long-term borrowings   3.4   4.2   3.9
   
 
 
Total borrowings   1.5   4.2   2.6
   
 
 

        In the above table, Treasury receipts and variable rate asset-backed securities, although generally liquid in nature, extend the weighted average remaining term to maturity of cash and investments to 4.4 years. As student loans are securitized, the need for long-term on-balance sheet financing will decrease.

Common Stock

        The Company repurchased 1.5 million shares during the first quarter of 2002 through open market purchases and equity forward settlements and issued a net 1.3 million shares as a result of benefit plans and the acquisition of GRC. At March 31, 2002, the total common shares that could potentially be acquired over the next three years under outstanding equity forward contracts was 9.7 million shares at an average price of $75.54 per share. The Company has remaining authority to enter into additional share repurchases and equity forward contracts for 12.3 million shares.

        The following table summarizes the Company's common share repurchase and equity forward activity for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2001. (Common shares in millions.)

 
  Three months ended March 31,
 
 
  2002
  2001
 
Common shares repurchased:              
  Open market         2.7  
  Equity forwards     1.5     2.8  
   
 
 
Total shares repurchased     1.5     5.5  
   
 
 

Average purchase price per share

 

$

46.28

 

$

54.51

 
   
 
 

Equity forward contracts:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Outstanding at beginning of year     11.2     18.2  
New contracts         1.1  
Exercises     (1.5 )   (2.8 )
   
 
 
Outstanding at end of period     9.7     16.5  
   
 
 
Remaining repurchase authority at end of period     12.3     10.9  
   
 
 

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        As of March 31, 2002, the expiration dates and range of purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts are as follows (Common shares in millions):

Year of Maturity

  Outstanding Contracts
  Range of Market Prices
2003   5.2   $63.00 – $80.97
2004   4.0     68.61 –  82.26
2005   .5     86.11          
   
   
    9.7    
   
   

OTHER RELATED EVENTS AND INFORMATION

Other Developments

        Effective on May 16, 2002, USA Education, Inc. has retained PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as its independent public accountants. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP replaces Arthur Andersen LLP.

        USA Education, Inc. will change its name to SLM Corporation, effective on May 17, 2002.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

        Nothing to report.


Item 2. Changes in Securities.

        Nothing to report.


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

        Nothing to report.


Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

        Nothing to report.


Item 5. Other Information.

        Nothing to report.


Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.

        (a) Exhibits

        (b) Reports on Form 8-K

        The Company filed two Current Reports on Form 8-K with the Commission during the quarter ended March 31, 2002 or thereafter. They were filed on:

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

    USA EDUCATION, INC.
(Registrant)

 

 

By:

/s/  
JOHN F. REMONDI      
John F. Remondi
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: May 15, 2002

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Exhibit 99.1

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

        THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into by and between Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, a resident of the State of New Jersey ("Executive"), and USA Education, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware ("Company").

        WHEREAS, in recognition of Mr. Fitzpatrick's contributions to Company's success and accomplishments during his tenure as an executive officer of Company, the Board of Directors of Company ("Board of Directors") wishes to retain Executive and obtain his commitment to continue to serve as President and Chief Operating Officer of Company on the terms set forth herein;

        NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations contained herein, and intending to be legally bound, the parties, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, agree as follows:

        1.    Employment and Term. Executive hereby agrees to continue to be employed as President and Chief Operating Officer of Company, and Company hereby agrees to retain Executive as President and Chief Operating Officer. To the extent required by law, Executive's employment under this Agreement shall be maintained through Sallie Mae, Inc. ("Sallie Mae") or another wholly owned subsidiary of Company used to employ Company executives, and in such case any reference in this Agreement to employment or termination of employment with Company shall be deemed to include employment or termination of employment with Sallie Mae or such other subsidiary. The term of Executive's employment as President and Chief Operating Officer under this Agreement (the "Term") shall be the period commencing on January 1, 2002 and ending on December 31, 2006.

        2.    Duties. During the Term, Executive will have the titles of President and Chief Operating Officer of Company and of Sallie Mae. Executive shall report to and receive instructions from Company's Chief Executive Officer and shall assume such duties and responsibilities as may be reasonably assigned to Executive from time to time by the Chief Executive Officer in consultation with the Board of Directors.

        3.    Other Business Activities. Executive shall serve Company faithfully and to the best of his ability and shall devote his full time, attention, skill and efforts to the performance of the duties required by or appropriate for his position as President and Chief Operating Officer. In furtherance of the foregoing, and not by way of limitation, for so long as he remains President and Chief Operating Officer of Company, Executive shall not directly or indirectly engage in any other business activities or pursuits, except for (a) those arising from positions held as of January 1, 2002 as a director or otherwise with charitable or business organizations, as identified by Executive to the Chief Executive Officer, and (b) with prior notice to the Chief Executive Officer, activities in connection with (i) service as a volunteer, officer or director or in a similar capacity of any charitable or civic organization, (ii) managing personal investments, and (iii) serving as a director, executor, trustee or in another similar fiduciary capacity for a non-commercial entity; provided, however, that any such activities do not materially interfere with Executive's performance of his responsibilities and obligations pursuant to this Agreement. Executive may engage in any other business activity or pursuit, directly or indirectly, including serving as a director for any commercial entity, with approval of the Chief Executive Officer in consultation with the Board of Directors.

        4.    Base Salary. The Company shall pay Executive a salary at the annual rate of $550,000 (the "Base Salary"). The Base Salary shall be inclusive of all applicable income, Social Security and other taxes and charges which are required by law or requested to be withheld by Executive and which shall be withheld and paid in accordance with Company's normal payroll practice for its similarly situated executives as in effect from time to time. The Compensation and Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee"), in consultation with the Chief Executive Officer, in its

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discretion may review Executive's Base Salary during the Term, but shall have no obligation to increase the amount of Executive's Base Salary based upon any such review.

        5.    Annual Incentive Compensation. Executive shall participate in Company's annual incentive compensation program(s) for executive officers as provided in the Management Incentive Plan, subject to the limitations and conditions set forth therein or in any successor plan.

        6.    Stock Options. Executive shall be granted stock options under which he may purchase up to a total of nine hundred thousand (900,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Options") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of stock options provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Options shall not qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").

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        7.    Restricted Stock Units. Executive shall be granted restricted stock units representing the right to acquire up to a total of one hundred fifty thousand (150,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Units") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of restricted stock units provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Units represent an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company and shall not be transferable and shall not be pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated.

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        8.    Stock Price Performance and Other Terms of Stock-Based Compensation.

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        9.    Other Benefits.

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        10.  Nondisclosure of Confidential Information.

Business procedures. All information concerning or relating to the way Company and its Affiliates conduct their business, which is not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete (such as Company contracts, internal business procedures, controls, plans, licensing techniques and practices, supplier, subcontractor and prime contractor names and contacts and other vendor information, computer system passwords and other computer security controls, financial information, distributor information, and employee data) and the physical embodiments of such information (such as check lists, samples, service and operational manuals, contracts, proposals, printouts, correspondence, forms, listings, ledgers, financial statements, financial reports, financial and operational analyses, financial and operational studies, management reports of every kind, databases, employment or personnel records, and any other written or machine-readable expression of such information as are filed in any tangible media).

Marketing Plans and Customer Lists. All information not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete pertaining to Company's and its Affiliates' marketing plans and strategies; forecasts and projections; marketing practices, procedures and policies; goals and objectives; quoting practices, procedures and policies; and customer data including the customer list,

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Business Ventures: All information not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates operate concerning new product development, negotiations for new business ventures, future business plans, and similar information and the physical embodiments of such information.

Software. All information relating to Company's and its Affiliates' software or hardware in operation or various stages of research and development, which are not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete and the physical embodiments of such information.

Litigation. Information which is not a public record and is not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete regarding litigation and potential litigation matters and the physical embodiments of such information.

Policy Information. Information not of a public nature regarding the policies and positions that have been or will be advocated by Company and its Affiliates with government officials, the views of government officials toward such policies and positions, and the status of any communications that Company or its Affiliates may have with any government officials.

Information Not Generally Known. Any information which (a) is not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete, (b) gives Company or its Affiliates a significant advantage over its or their competitors, or (c) has significant economic value or potentially significant economic value to Company or its Affiliates, including the physical embodiments of such information.

        11.  Agreement Not to Compete.

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        12.  Termination. Executive's employment hereunder may be terminated during the Term upon the occurrence of any one of the events described in this Section 12. Upon termination, Executive shall be entitled only to such compensation and benefits as described in this Section 12.

8


9


10


11


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        13.  Other Agreements. Executive represents and warrants to Company that:

13


        14.  Survival of Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement, including without limitation those set forth in Sections 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 25 and 26 hereof, shall survive the termination of Executive's employment hereunder and the payment of all amounts payable and delivery of all post-termination compensation and benefits pursuant to this Agreement incident to any such termination of employment.

        15.  Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon Company and its successors or permitted assigns and Executive and his executors, administrators or heirs. The Company shall require any successor or successors expressly to assume the obligations of Company under this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term "successor" shall include the ultimate parent corporation of any corporation involved in a merger, consolidation, or reorganization with or including the Company that results in the stockholders of Company immediately before such merger, consolidation or reorganization owning, directly or indirectly, immediately following such merger, consolidation or reorganization, securities of another corporation, regardless of whether any such merger, consolidation or reorganization is deemed to constitute a Change in Control for purposes of this Agreement. Executive may not assign any obligations or responsibilities under this Agreement or any interest herein, by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Company. At any time prior to a Change in Control, Company may provide, without the prior written consent of Executive, that Executive shall be employed pursuant to this Agreement by any of its Affiliates instead of or in addition to Sallie Mae or Company, and in such case all references herein to the "Company" shall be deemed to include any such entity, provided that (i) such action shall not relieve Company of its obligation to make or cause an Affiliate to make or provide for any payment to or on behalf of Executive pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) Executive's duties and responsibilities shall not be significantly diminished as a result thereof. The Board of Directors may assign any or all of its responsibilities hereunder to any committee of the Board of Directors, in which case references to Board of Directors shall be deemed to refer to such committee.

        16.  Executive Benefits. This Agreement shall not be construed to be in lieu of or to the exclusion of any other rights, benefits and privileges to which Executive may be entitled as an executive of Company under any retirement, pension, profit-sharing, insurance, hospitalization or other plans or benefits which may now be in effect or which may hereafter be adopted.

        17.  Board of Directors Service. Subject to re-election by a vote of stockholders, Executive shall continue to serve on the Board of Directors through the Term and shall offer to tender his resignation from the Board of Directors upon expiration of the Term, or upon any earlier termination of his employment, which resignation may or may not be accepted.

        18.  Notices. All notices required to be given to any of the parties of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, subject to the further provisions of this Section 18, for all purposes when presented personally to such party, or sent by facsimile transmission, any national overnight delivery service, or certified or registered mail, to such party at its address set forth below:

14


Such notice shall be deemed to be received when delivered if delivered personally, upon electronic or other confirmation of receipt if delivered by facsimile transmission, the next business day after the date sent if sent by a national overnight delivery service, or three (3) business days after the date mailed if mailed by certified or registered mail. Any notice of any change in such address shall also be given in the manner set forth above. Whenever the giving of notice is required, the giving of such notice may be waived in writing by the party entitled to receive such notice.

        19.  Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and any other documents, instruments or other writings delivered or to be delivered in connection with this Agreement as specified herein constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, and negotiations, whether written or oral, with respect to the terms of Executive's employment by Company, including the agreement dated September 30, 1998. This Agreement may be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by all parties hereto.

        20.  Waiver. The waiver of the breach of any term or provision of this Agreement shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach of this Agreement.

        21.  Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed and construed as to its validity, interpretation and effect by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

        22.  Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement or such provisions, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

        23.  Section Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are for convenience only; they form no part of this Agreement and shall not affect its interpretation.

        24.  Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

        25.  Specific Enforcement; Extension of Period. Executive acknowledges that the restrictions contained in Sections 10 and 11 hereof are reasonable and necessary to protect the legitimate interests of Company and its Affiliates and that Company would not have entered into this Agreement in the absence of such restrictions. Executive also acknowledges that any breach by him of Sections 10 or 11 hereof will cause continuing and irreparable injury to Company for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy. Executive shall not, in any action or proceeding by Company to enforce Sections 10 or 11 of this Agreement, assert the claim or defense that an adequate remedy at law exists. In the event of such breach by Executive, Company shall have the right to enforce the provisions of Sections 10 and 11 of this Agreement by seeking injunctive or other relief in any court, and this Agreement shall not in any way limit remedies at law or in equity otherwise available to Company. In the event that the provisions of Sections 10 or 11 hereof should ever be adjudicated to exceed the time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law in any applicable jurisdiction, then such

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provisions shall be deemed reformed in such jurisdiction to the maximum time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law.

        26.  Arbitration. Any dispute or claim, other than those referred to in Section 25, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or otherwise relating to the employment relationship between Executive and Company (including but not limited to any claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act; the Family Medical Leave Act; and the Employee Income Retirement Security Act) shall be submitted to Arbitration, in Fairfax County, Virginia, and except as otherwise provided in this Agreement shall be conducted in accordance with the rules of, but not under the auspices of, the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted before an arbitration tribunal comprised of three individuals, one selected by Company, one selected by Executive, and the third selected by the first two. The parties and the arbitrators selected by them shall use their best efforts to reach agreement on the identity of the tribunal within ten (10) business days of either party to this Agreement submitting to the other party a written demand for arbitration. The proceedings before the tribunal shall take place within twenty (20) business days of the selection thereof. Executive and Company agree that such arbitration will be confidential and no details, descriptions, settlements or other facts concerning such arbitration shall be disclosed or released to any third party without the specific written consent of the other party, unless required by law or court order or in connection with enforcement of any decision in such arbitration. Any damages awarded in such arbitration shall be limited to the contract measure of damages, and shall not include punitive damages. The parties shall equally divide the costs of the arbitrators, and each party shall bear his or its attorneys' fees and other costs, except that the arbitrators may specifically direct one party to bear the entire cost of the arbitration, including all attorneys' fees, if the arbitrators determine that such party acted in bad faith.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first written above.

USA Education, Inc.

By:      
 
 
      Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
Title:      
 
   

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Schedule A

Target Benefit Amount

Date
  Age
  Life Annuity
09/30/2001   53   $44,000
12/31/2002   54   $66,000
12/31/2003   55   $88,000
12/31/2004   56   $112,000
12/31/2005   57   $141,000
12/31/2006   58   $173,000
12/31/2007   59   $209,000
12/31/2008   60   $250,000
12/31/2009   61   $297,000
12/31/2010   62   $352,000

Mr. Fitzpatrick's Target Benefit Amount will accrue during a year on a straight-line basis, upon the last day worked in each month. As an example, on May 31, 2003, Mr. Fitzpatrick's accrued benefit will equal $75,167 ($22,000 × 5/12 + $66,000).

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Exhibit 99.2

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

        THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into by and between Albert L. Lord, a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia ("Executive"), and USA Education, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware ("Company").

        WHEREAS, in recognition of Mr. Lord's contributions to Company's success and accomplishments during his tenure as Chief Executive Officer of Company, the Board of Directors of Company ("Board of Directors") wishes to retain Executive and obtain his commitment to continue to serve as Chief Executive Officer of Company on the terms set forth herein;

        NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations contained herein, and intending to be legally bound, the parties, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, agree as follows:

        1.    Employment and Term. Executive hereby agrees to continue to be employed as Chief Executive Officer of Company, and Company hereby agrees to retain Executive as Chief Executive Officer. To the extent required by law, Executive's employment under this Agreement shall be maintained through Sallie Mae, Inc. ("Sallie Mae") or another wholly owned subsidiary of Company used to employ Company executives, and in such case any reference in this Agreement to employment or termination of employment with Company shall be deemed to include employment or termination of employment with Sallie Mae or such other subsidiary. The term of Executive's employment as Chief Executive Officer under this Agreement (the "Term") shall be the period commencing on January 1, 2002 and ending on December 31, 2004, provided that the Term shall be extended for an additional one-year period (that is, through December 31, 2005) unless not later than June 30, 2004 either Executive or the Board of Directors delivers written notice to the other party of his or its election that the Term not be extended.

        2.    Duties. During the Term, Executive will have the titles of Chief Executive Officer of Company and Chief Executive Officer of Sallie Mae. Executive agrees to assume such duties and responsibilities as may be reasonably assigned to Executive from time to time by the Board of Directors, including as Chief Executive Officer of other Company subsidiaries.

        3.    Other Business Activities. Executive shall serve Company faithfully and to the best of his ability and shall devote his full time, attention, skill and efforts to the performance of the duties required by or appropriate for his position as Chief Executive Officer. In furtherance of the foregoing, and not by way of limitation, for so long as he remains Chief Executive Officer of Company, Executive shall not directly or indirectly engage in any other business activities or pursuits, except for (a) those arising from positions held as of January 1, 2002 as a director or otherwise with charitable or business organizations, as identified by Executive to the Board of Directors, and (b) with prior notice to the Chairman of the Board of Directors (or, in the case Executive then serves as Chairman, to the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors), activities in connection with (i) service as a volunteer, officer or director or in a similar capacity of any charitable or civic organization, (ii) managing personal investments, and (iii) serving as a director, executor, trustee or in another similar fiduciary capacity for a non-commercial entity; provided, however, that any such activities do not materially interfere with Executive's performance of his responsibilities and obligations pursuant to this Agreement. Executive may engage in any other business activity or pursuit, directly or indirectly, including serving as a director for any commercial entity, with approval of the Board of Directors.

        4.    Base Salary. The Company shall pay Executive a salary at the annual rate of $750,000 (the "Base Salary"). The Base Salary shall be inclusive of all applicable income, Social Security and other taxes and charges which are required by law or requested to be withheld by Executive and which shall be withheld and paid in accordance with Company's normal payroll practice for its similarly situated

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executives as in effect from time to time. The Compensation and Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee") in its discretion may review Executive's Base Salary during the Term, but shall have no obligation to increase the amount of Executive's Base Salary based upon any such review.

        5.    Annual Incentive Compensation. Executive shall participate in Company's annual incentive compensation program(s) for executive officers as provided in the Management Incentive Plan, subject to the limitations and conditions set forth therein or in any successor plan.

        6.    Stock Options. Executive shall be granted stock options under which he may purchase up to a total of one million five hundred thousand (1,500,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Options") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of stock options provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Options shall not qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").

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        7.    Restricted Stock Units. Executive shall be granted restricted stock units representing the right to acquire up to a total of one hundred thousand (100,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Units") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of restricted stock units provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Units represent an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company and shall not be transferable and shall not be pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated.

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        8.    Stock Price Performance and Other Terms of Stock-Based Compensation.

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        9.    Other Benefits.

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        10.  Nondisclosure of Confidential Information.

Business procedures. All information concerning or relating to the way Company and its Affiliates conduct their business, which is not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete (such as Company contracts, internal business procedures, controls, plans, licensing techniques and practices, supplier, subcontractor and prime contractor names and contacts and other vendor information, computer system passwords and other computer security controls, financial information, distributor information, and employee data) and the physical embodiments of such information (such as check lists, samples, service and operational manuals, contracts, proposals, printouts, correspondence, forms, listings, ledgers, financial statements, financial reports, financial and operational analyses, financial and operational studies, management reports of every kind, databases, employment or personnel records, and any other written or machine-readable expression of such information as are filed in any tangible media).

Marketing Plans and Customer Lists. All information not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete pertaining to Company's and its Affiliates' marketing plans and strategies; forecasts and projections; marketing practices, procedures and policies; goals and objectives; quoting practices, procedures and policies; and customer data including the customer list, contracts, representatives, requirements and needs, specifications, data provided by or about prospective customers, and the physical embodiments of such information.

Business Ventures: All information not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates operate concerning new product development, negotiations for new business ventures, future business plans, and similar information and the physical embodiments of such information.

Software. All information relating to Company's and its Affiliates' software or hardware in operation or various stages of research and development, which are not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete and the physical embodiments of such information.

Litigation. Information which is not a public record and is not generally known to the public or within the industry or trade in which Company or its Affiliates compete regarding litigation and potential litigation matters and the physical embodiments of such information.

Policy Information. Information not of a public nature regarding the policies and positions that have been or will be advocated by Company and its Affiliates with government officials, the views of government officials toward such policies and

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        11.  Agreement Not to Compete.

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        12.  Termination. Executive's employment hereunder may be terminated during the Term upon the occurrence of any one of the events described in this Section 12. Upon termination, Executive shall be entitled only to such compensation and benefits as described in this Section 12.

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        13.  Other Agreements. Executive represents and warrants to Company that:

        14.  Survival of Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement, including without limitation those set forth in Sections 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 25 and 26 hereof, shall survive the termination of Executive's employment hereunder and the payment of all amounts payable and delivery of all post-termination compensation and benefits pursuant to this Agreement incident to any such termination of employment.

        15.  Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon Company and its successors or permitted assigns and Executive and his executors, administrators or heirs. The Company shall require any successor or successors expressly to assume the obligations of Company under this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term "successor" shall include the ultimate parent corporation of any corporation involved in a merger, consolidation, or reorganization with or including the Company that results in the stockholders of Company immediately before such merger, consolidation or reorganization owning, directly or indirectly, immediately following such merger, consolidation or reorganization, securities of another corporation, regardless of whether any such merger, consolidation or reorganization is deemed to constitute a Change in Control for purposes of this Agreement. Executive may not assign any obligations or responsibilities under this Agreement or any interest herein, by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Company. At any time prior to a Change in Control, Company may provide, without the prior written consent of Executive, that Executive shall be employed pursuant to this Agreement by any of its Affiliates instead of or in addition to Sallie Mae or Company, and in such case all references herein to the "Company" shall be deemed to include any such entity, provided that (i) such action shall not relieve Company of its obligation to make or cause an Affiliate to make or provide for any payment to or on behalf of Executive pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) Executive's duties and responsibilities shall not be significantly diminished as a result thereof. The Board of Directors may assign any or all of its responsibilities hereunder to any committee of the Board of Directors, in which case references to Board of Directors shall be deemed to refer to such committee.

        16.  Executive Benefits. This Agreement shall not be construed to be in lieu of or to the exclusion of any other rights, benefits and privileges to which Executive may be entitled as an executive of Company under any retirement, pension, profit-sharing, insurance, hospitalization or other plans or benefits which may now be in effect or which may hereafter be adopted.

        17.  Board of Directors Service. Subject to re-election by a vote of stockholders, Executive shall continue to serve on the Board of Directors through the Term and shall offer to tender his resignation from the Board of Directors upon expiration of the Term, or upon any earlier termination of his employment, which resignation may or may not be accepted.

        18.  Notices. All notices required to be given to any of the parties of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, subject to the further provisions of this

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Section 18, for all purposes when presented personally to such party, or sent by facsimile transmission, any national overnight delivery service, or certified or registered mail, to such party at its address set forth below:

Such notice shall be deemed to be received when delivered if delivered personally, upon electronic or other confirmation of receipt if delivered by facsimile transmission, the next business day after the date sent if sent by a national overnight delivery service, or three (3) business days after the date mailed if mailed by certified or registered mail. Any notice of any change in such address shall also be given in the manner set forth above. Whenever the giving of notice is required, the giving of such notice may be waived in writing by the party entitled to receive such notice.

        19.  Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and any other documents, instruments or other writings delivered or to be delivered in connection with this Agreement as specified herein constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, and negotiations, whether written or oral, with respect to the terms of Executive's employment by Company. This Agreement may be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by all parties hereto.

        20.  Waiver. The waiver of the breach of any term or provision of this Agreement shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach of this Agreement.

        21.  Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed and construed as to its validity, interpretation and effect by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

        22.  Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement or such provisions, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

        23.  Section Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are for convenience only; they form no part of this Agreement and shall not affect its interpretation.

        24.  Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

        25.  Specific Enforcement; Extension of Period. Executive acknowledges that the restrictions contained in Sections 10 and 11 hereof are reasonable and necessary to protect the legitimate interests of Company and its Affiliates and that Company would not have entered into this Agreement in the absence of such restrictions. Executive also acknowledges that any breach by him of Sections 10 or 11 hereof will cause continuing and irreparable injury to Company for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy. Executive shall not, in any action or proceeding by Company to enforce Sections 10 or 11 of this Agreement, assert the claim or defense that an adequate remedy at law exists.

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In the event of such breach by Executive, Company shall have the right to enforce the provisions of Sections 10 and 11 of this Agreement by seeking injunctive or other relief in any court, and this Agreement shall not in any way limit remedies at law or in equity otherwise available to Company. In the event that the provisions of Sections 10 or 11 hereof should ever be adjudicated to exceed the time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law in any applicable jurisdiction, then such provisions shall be deemed reformed in such jurisdiction to the maximum time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law.

        26.  Arbitration. Any dispute or claim, other than those referred to in Section 25, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or otherwise relating to the employment relationship between Executive and Company (including but not limited to any claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act; the Family Medical Leave Act; and the Employee Income Retirement Security Act) shall be submitted to Arbitration, in Fairfax County, Virginia, and except as otherwise provided in this Agreement shall be conducted in accordance with the rules of, but not under the auspices of, the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted before an arbitration tribunal comprised of three individuals, one selected by Company, one selected by Executive, and the third selected by the first two. The parties and the arbitrators selected by them shall use their best efforts to reach agreement on the identity of the tribunal within ten (10) business days of either party to this Agreement submitting to the other party a written demand for arbitration. The proceedings before the tribunal shall take place within twenty (20) business days of the selection thereof. Executive and Company agree that such arbitration will be confidential and no details, descriptions, settlements or other facts concerning such arbitration shall be disclosed or released to any third party without the specific written consent of the other party, unless required by law or court order or in connection with enforcement of any decision in such arbitration. Any damages awarded in such arbitration shall be limited to the contract measure of damages, and shall not include punitive damages. The parties shall equally divide the costs of the arbitrators, and each party shall bear his or its attorneys' fees and other costs, except that the arbitrators may specifically direct one party to bear the entire cost of the arbitration, including all attorneys' fees, if the arbitrators determine that such party acted in bad faith.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first written above.

USA Education, Inc.

By:      
 
 
      Albert L. Lord
Title:      
 
   

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