SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 19, 2006
SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
File No. 001-13251 (Commission File Number) |
52-2013874 (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
||
12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia 20190 (Address of principal executive offices) (zip code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (703) 810-3000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
On January 19, 2006, SLM Corporation issued a press release with respect to its earnings for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2005, which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K. Additional information for the quarter, which is available on the Registrant's website at www.salliemae/investor/corpreports.html, is furnished as Exhibit 99.2.
2
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
SLM CORPORATION | ||||
By: |
/s/ C.E. ANDREWS |
|||
Name: | C.E. Andrews | |||
Title: | Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management |
Dated: January 19, 2006
3
SLM CORPORATION
Form 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
---|---|---|
99.1 | Press Release dated January 19, 2006 | |
99.2 | Additional Information Available on the Registrant's Website |
4
Exhibit 99.1
SallieMae | NEWS RELEASE |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | Media Contacts: Tom Joyce 703/984-5610 Martha Holler 703/984-5178 |
Investor Contacts: Steve McGarry 703/984-6746 Joe Fisher 703/984-5755 |
SALLIE MAE LOAN ORIGINATIONS GROW 19 PERCENT IN 2005
Total Managed Portfolio Totals $122.5 Billion; Fee-Based Businesses Grow 22 Percent
RESTON, Va., Jan. 19, 2006 SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, today reported 2005 performance results that include preferred-channel loan originations of $4.6 billion in the fourth quarter and $21.4 billion for the year, increases of 15 percent and 19 percent, respectively, from the year-ago periods. Preferred-channel loans are originated through Sallie Mae's internal or affiliated brands and provide the engine for the company's market leadership in education finance.
"We delivered on our earnings targets for shareholders in 2005 while facing the phase-out of a significant partnership arrangement, an unprecedented level of loan consolidation activity and an increase in price competition," said Tim Fitzpatrick, CEO. "I am particularly pleased with the growth of our internal brands, the successful launch of our new direct-to-consumer loan and the continued momentum of our fee-based businesses."
The company's internal lending brands originated $2.2 billion in the fourth-quarter 2005, 48 percent of the period's preferred-channel originations, and $9.1 billion in 2005, or 43 percent of all loans originated through the preferred channel during the year.
The company originated $1.4 billion in private education loans in the quarter and $6.2 billion for the full year, increases over the year-ago periods of 40 percent and 45 percent, respectively. More than $850 million of the 2005 total came from Tuition Answer, the company's new direct-to-consumer private education loan. Income from the company's fee-based businesses, including guarantor servicing and debt management activity, increased 15 percent in the fourth-quarter 2005 and 22 percent in the full year, as compared to the year-ago periods.
At Dec. 31, 2005, the company's managed student loan portfolio was $122.5 billion, a 14-percent increase from $107.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2004.
Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also presents certain non-GAAP or "core earnings" performance measures. The company's equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these "core earnings" measures to monitor the company's business performance. A description of the "core earnings" treatment and a full reconciliation to the GAAP income statement can be found at www.salliemae.com.
Sallie Mae reported fourth-quarter 2005 GAAP net income of $431 million, or $.96 per diluted share, compared to $650 million, or $1.40 per diluted share, in the year-ago period. For the year ended Dec. 31, 2005, GAAP net income was $1.4 billion, or $3.05 per diluted share, compared to $1.9 billion, or $4.04 per diluted share, in 2004. Included in the year-ago, fourth-quarter figures is a $(76) million after-tax charge, or $(.17) per diluted share, which was taken to defease the company's government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) debt.
"Core earnings" net income for the 2005 fourth quarter was $284 million, or $.63 per diluted share, compared to the year-ago quarter's $180 million, or $.39 per diluted share. For the full year 2005, "core earnings" net income was $1.1 billion, or $2.51 per diluted share, compared to $867 million, or $1.84 per diluted share, in 2004. Current quarter "core earnings" results included an after-tax charge of $(12) million, or $(.03) per diluted share, to establish a new loan loss reserve for
guaranteed loan claim filings in anticipation of passage of related legislation. Year-ago quarter results included an after-tax charge of $(76) million, or $(.17) per diluted share, to defease the company's GSE debt. Exclusive of these items, fourth-quarter 2005 "core earnings" would have been $296 million, or $.66 per diluted share, compared to fourth-quarter 2004 "core earnings" of $256 million, or $.56 per diluted share.
"Core earnings" net interest income was $566 million in the fourth-quarter 2005 and $2.1 billion for the year, a 17-percent increase over 2004. "Core earnings" non-interest income, which includes fees earned from guarantor servicing and debt management activity, collection revenue and other servicing fees, was $234 million in the 2005 fourth-quarter and grew 22 percent during the year to total $878 million for 2005. "Core earnings" operating expenses were $279 million for the fourth-quarter 2005 and $1.1 billion for 2005.
Total equity for the company at Dec. 31, 2005, was $3.8 billion, up from the year-ago total of $3.1 billion. Tangible capital was 1.9 percent of managed assets at Dec. 31, 2005, compared to 1.6 percent as of Dec. 31, 2004.
The company will host its regular earnings conference call today at noon. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company's performance. Individuals interested in participating should call the following number today, Jan. 19, 2006, starting at 11:45 a.m. EST: (877) 356-5689 (USA and Canada) or (706) 679-0623 (International). The conference call will be replayed continuously beginning Thursday, Jan. 19, at 3:30 p.m. EST and concluding at 11:59 p.m. EST on Thursday, Jan. 26. Please dial (800) 642-1687 (USA and Canada) or dial (706) 645-9291 (International) and use access code 3924281. In addition, there will be a live audio Web cast of the conference call, which may be accessed at www.salliemae.com. A replay will be available 30-45 minutes after the live broadcast.
***
Forward Looking Statements:
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" including expectations as to future market share, the success of preferred channel originations and future results. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Because such statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations, and from changes in such laws and regulations, changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families, and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
***
SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, is the nation's No. 1 paying-for-college company, managing nearly $123 billion in student loans for 9 million borrowers. Sallie Mae was originally created in 1972 as a government-sponsored entity (GSE) and terminated all ties to the federal government in 2004. The company remains the country's largest originator of federally insured student loans. Through its specialized subsidiaries and divisions, Sallie Mae also provides debt management services as well as business and technical products to a range of business clients, including colleges, universities and loan guarantors. More information is available at www.SallieMae.com. SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
###
SLM CORPORATION
Supplemental Earnings Disclosure
December 31, 2005
Dollars in millions, except earnings per share)
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Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
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(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
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SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS(GAAP Basis) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 431 | $ | 431 | $ | 650 | $ | 1,382 | $ | 1,913 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per common share(1) | $ | .96 | $ | .95 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 3.05 | $ | 4.04 | ||||||
Return on assets | 1.88 | % | 2.01 | % | 3.52 | % | 1.68 | % | 2.80 | % | ||||||
NON-GAAP INFORMATION(2) |
||||||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income | $ | 284 | $ | 312 | $ | 180 | $ | 1,131 | $ | 867 | ||||||
"Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share(1) |
$ | .63 | $ | .69 | $ | .39 | $ | 2.51 | $ | 1.84 | ||||||
"Core earnings" return on assets | .84 | % | .94 | % | .60 | % | .89 | % | .78 | % | ||||||
OTHER OPERATING STATISTICS |
||||||||||||||||
Average on-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,914 | $ | 77,541 | $ | 61,284 | $ | 74,724 | $ | 55,885 | ||||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | 38,497 | 40,742 | 42,852 | 41,220 | 40,558 | |||||||||||
Average Managed student loans | $ | 121,411 | $ | 118,283 | $ | 104,136 | $ | 115,944 | $ | 96,443 | ||||||
Ending on-balance sheet student loans, net | $ | 82,604 | $ | 81,626 | $ | 65,981 | ||||||||||
Ending off-balance sheet student loans, net | 39,925 | 39,008 | 41,457 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 122,529 | $ | 120,634 | $ | 107,438 | ||||||||||
Ending Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net | $ | 40,658 | $ | 43,082 | $ | 46,790 | ||||||||||
Ending Managed Consolidation Loans, net | 65,434 | 62,161 | 49,166 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed Private Education Loans, net | 16,437 | 15,391 | 11,482 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 122,529 | $ | 120,634 | $ | 107,438 | ||||||||||
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Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
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(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
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Impact on GAAP diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 | $ | (.03 | ) | $ | (.04 | ) | $ | (.08 | ) | $ | (.11 | ) | $ | (.23 | ) | |||
Impact on "core earnings" diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.07 | ) | $ | (.08 | ) |
1
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
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Assets | |||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans (net of allowance for losses of $6,311; $0; and $0, respectively) | $ | 19,988,116 | $ | 22,353,605 | $ | 18,965,634 | |||
Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $8,639; $5,627; and $7,778, respectively) | 54,858,676 | 51,193,725 | 41,595,805 | ||||||
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $204,112; $193,332; and $171,886, respectively) | 7,756,770 | 8,078,650 | 5,419,611 | ||||||
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $15,380; $13,563; and $11,148, respectively) | 1,137,987 | 1,094,464 | 1,047,745 | ||||||
Cash and investments | 4,867,654 | 3,773,014 | 6,974,310 | ||||||
Restricted cash and investments | 3,300,102 | 2,706,925 | 2,211,643 | ||||||
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans | 2,406,222 | 2,330,390 | 2,316,388 | ||||||
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net | 1,105,104 | 1,063,916 | 1,066,142 | ||||||
Other assets | 3,918,053 | 3,725,670 | 4,496,248 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 99,338,684 | $ | 96,320,359 | $ | 84,093,526 | |||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 3,809,655 | $ | 4,652,334 | $ | 2,207,095 | |||
Long-term borrowings | 88,119,090 | 84,499,739 | 75,914,573 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 3,609,332 | 3,330,763 | 2,797,921 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 95,538,077 | 92,482,836 | 80,919,589 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||
Minority interest in subsidiaries |
9,182 |
13,725 |
71,633 |
||||||
Stockholders' equity |
|||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300; 3,300; and 3,300 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000; 4,000; and 0 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share |
565,000 | 565,000 | 165,000 | ||||||
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 426,484; 488,525; and 483,266 shares, respectively, issued | 85,297 | 97,705 | 96,654 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,233,647 | 2,107,961 | 1,905,460 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 367,910 | 407,768 | 440,672 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 1,111,743 | 3,195,034 | 2,521,740 | ||||||
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock | 4,363,597 | 6,373,468 | 5,129,526 | ||||||
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 13,347; 69,927; and 59,634 shares, respectively | 572,172 | 2,549,670 | 2,027,222 | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 3,791,425 | 3,823,798 | 3,102,304 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 99,338,684 | $ | 96,320,359 | $ | 84,093,526 | |||
2
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
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|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
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Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 315,164 | $ | 270,444 | $ | 175,497 | $ | 1,014,851 | $ | 725,619 | |||||||
Consolidation Loans | 760,338 | 676,820 | 432,160 | 2,500,008 | 1,364,777 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 203,992 | 173,467 | 98,946 | 633,884 | 335,451 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 22,851 | 21,614 | 19,575 | 84,664 | 74,289 | ||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 89,921 | 70,541 | 75,094 | 276,756 | 232,859 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,392,266 | 1,212,886 | 801,272 | 4,510,163 | 2,732,995 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,002,133 | 828,122 | 469,238 | 3,058,718 | 1,433,696 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 390,133 | 384,764 | 332,034 | 1,451,445 | 1,299,299 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 65,318 | 12,217 | 31,974 | 203,006 | 111,066 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 324,815 | 372,547 | 300,060 | 1,248,439 | 1,188,233 | ||||||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | 240,651 | | | 552,546 | 375,384 | ||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 80,032 | (16,194 | ) | 141,637 | 356,730 | 560,971 | |||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | (6,979 | ) | (43,030 | ) | (12,114 | ) | (63,955 | ) | (49,358 | ) | |||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 70,270 | 316,469 | 506,637 | 246,548 | 849,041 | ||||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 21,555 | 35,696 | 28,522 | 115,477 | 119,934 | ||||||||||||
Debt management fees | 98,839 | 92,727 | 76,399 | 359,907 | 300,071 | ||||||||||||
Collections revenue | 48,304 | 41,772 | 33,523 | 166,840 | 38,687 | ||||||||||||
Other | 67,072 | 74,174 | 67,241 | 273,259 | 289,802 | ||||||||||||
Total other income | 619,744 | 501,614 | 841,845 | 2,007,352 | 2,484,532 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 117,858 | | 220,848 | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 296,663 | 291,961 | 269,232 | 1,138,328 | 894,932 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 296,663 | 291,961 | 387,090 | 1,138,328 | 1,115,780 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 647,896 | 582,200 | 754,815 | 2,117,463 | 2,556,985 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 215,907 | 149,821 | 103,488 | 728,767 | 642,689 | ||||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 431,989 | 432,379 | 651,327 | 1,388,696 | 1,914,296 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 954 | 1,029 | 1,026 | 6,412 | 1,026 | ||||||||||||
Net income | 431,035 | 431,350 | 650,301 | 1,382,284 | 1,913,270 | ||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 7,832 | 7,288 | 2,876 | 21,903 | 11,501 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 423,203 | $ | 424,062 | $ | 647,425 | $ | 1,360,381 | $ | 1,901,769 | |||||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.02 | $ | 1.02 | $ | 1.52 | $ | 3.25 | $ | 4.36 | |||||||
Average common shares outstanding | 415,907 | 417,235 | 426,316 | 418,374 | 436,133 | ||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .96 | $ | .95 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 3.05 | $ | 4.04 | |||||||
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | 457,406 | 458,798 | 468,232 | 460,260 | 475,787 | ||||||||||||
Dividends per common share | $ | .22 | $ | .22 | $ | .19 | $ | .85 | $ | .74 | |||||||
3
SLM CORPORATION
Segment and Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
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Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
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(unaudited) |
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Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 619,987 | $ | | $ | | $ | 619,987 | $ | (304,823 | ) | $ | 315,164 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 934,096 | | | 934,096 | (173,758 | ) | 760,338 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 373,801 | | | 373,801 | (169,809 | ) | 203,992 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 22,851 | | | 22,851 | | 22,851 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 128,982 | | | 128,982 | (39,061 | ) | 89,921 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,079,717 | | | 2,079,717 | (687,451 | ) | 1,392,266 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,513,838 | | | 1,513,838 | (511,705 | ) | 1,002,133 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 565,879 | | | 565,879 | (175,746 | ) | 390,133 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 69,236 | | | 69,236 | (3,918 | ) | 65,318 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 496,643 | | | 496,643 | (171,828 | ) | 324,815 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 98,839 | 21,555 | 120,394 | | 120,394 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 48,112 | | 48,112 | 192 | 48,304 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 37,696 | | 28,355 | 66,051 | 384,995 | 451,046 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 121,384 | 82,511 | 74,698 | 278,593 | 18,070 | 296,663 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 152,793 | 23,844 | (9,172 | ) | 167,465 | 48,442 | 215,907 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 954 | | 954 | | 954 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 260,162 | $ | 39,642 | $ | (15,616 | ) | $ | 284,188 | $ | 146,847 | $ | 431,035 | ||||||
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
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Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
||||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
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Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 585,984 | $ | | $ | | $ | 585,984 | $ | (315,540 | ) | $ | 270,444 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 832,893 | | | 832,893 | (156,073 | ) | 676,820 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 312,184 | | | 312,184 | (138,717 | ) | 173,467 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 21,614 | | | 21,614 | | 21,614 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 113,713 | | | 113,713 | (43,172 | ) | 70,541 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,866,388 | | | 1,866,388 | (653,502 | ) | 1,212,886 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,306,777 | | | 1,306,777 | (478,655 | ) | 828,122 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 559,611 | | | 559,611 | (174,847 | ) | 384,764 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | (180 | ) | | | (180 | ) | 12,397 | 12,217 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 559,791 | | | 559,791 | (187,244 | ) | 372,547 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 92,727 | 35,696 | 128,423 | | 128,423 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 41,772 | | 41,772 | | 41,772 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 106 | (66 | ) | 36,859 | 36,899 | 294,520 | 331,419 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 117,186 | 71,086 | 82,321 | 270,593 | 21,368 | 291,961 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 163,803 | 23,439 | (3,614 | ) | 183,628 | (33,807 | ) | 149,821 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1,029 | | 1,029 | | 1,029 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 278,908 | $ | 38,879 | $ | (6,152 | ) | $ | 311,635 | $ | 119,715 | $ | 431,350 | ||||||
4
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2004 |
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|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
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Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 476,587 | $ | | $ | | $ | 476,587 | $ | (301,090 | ) | $ | 175,497 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 488,501 | | | 488,501 | (56,341 | ) | 432,160 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 186,964 | | | 186,964 | (88,018 | ) | 98,946 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 19,575 | | | 19,575 | | 19,575 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 90,222 | | | 90,222 | (15,128 | ) | 75,094 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,261,849 | | | 1,261,849 | (460,577 | ) | 801,272 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 784,126 | | | 784,126 | (314,888 | ) | 469,238 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 477,723 | | | 477,723 | (145,689 | ) | 332,034 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 36,126 | | | 36,126 | (4,152 | ) | 31,974 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 441,597 | | | 441,597 | (141,537 | ) | 300,060 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 76,399 | 28,522 | 104,921 | | 104,921 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 33,523 | | 33,523 | | 33,523 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 36,452 | 33 | 30,580 | 67,065 | 636,336 | 703,401 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 117,684 | | | 117,684 | 174 | 117,858 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 109,783 | 60,364 | 84,833 | 254,980 | 14,252 | 269,232 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 84,866 | 17,133 | (8,891 | ) | 93,108 | 10,380 | 103,488 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 98 | 876 | | 974 | 52 | 1,026 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 165,618 | $ | 31,582 | $ | (16,840 | ) | $ | 180,360 | $ | 469,941 | $ | 650,301 | ||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
||||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 2,298,256 | $ | | $ | | $ | 2,298,256 | $ | (1,283,405 | ) | $ | 1,014,851 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 3,014,383 | | | 3,014,383 | (514,375 | ) | 2,500,008 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 1,160,239 | | | 1,160,239 | (526,355 | ) | 633,884 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 84,664 | | | 84,664 | | 84,664 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 400,347 | | | 400,347 | (123,591 | ) | 276,756 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 6,957,889 | | | 6,957,889 | (2,447,726 | ) | 4,510,163 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 4,822,445 | | | 4,822,445 | (1,763,727 | ) | 3,058,718 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 2,135,444 | | | 2,135,444 | (683,999 | ) | 1,451,445 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 138,203 | | | 138,203 | 64,803 | 203,006 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,997,241 | | | 1,997,241 | (748,802 | ) | 1,248,439 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 359,907 | 115,477 | 475,384 | | 475,384 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 166,648 | | 166,648 | 192 | 166,840 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 109,699 | | 126,088 | 235,787 | 1,129,341 | 1,365,128 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 478,850 | 283,111 | 307,924 | 1,069,885 | 68,443 | 1,138,328 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 602,392 | 90,076 | (24,553 | ) | 667,915 | 60,852 | 728,767 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,749 | 4,403 | | 6,152 | 260 | 6,412 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,023,949 | $ | 148,965 | $ | (41,806 | ) | $ | 1,131,108 | $ | 251,176 | $ | 1,382,284 | ||||||
5
|
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
||||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,715,397 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,715,397 | $ | (989,778 | ) | $ | 725,619 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 1,472,911 | | | 1,472,911 | (108,134 | ) | 1,364,777 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 612,682 | | | 612,682 | (277,231 | ) | 335,451 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 74,289 | | | 74,289 | | 74,289 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 266,607 | | | 266,607 | (33,748 | ) | 232,859 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 4,141,886 | | | 4,141,886 | (1,408,891 | ) | 2,732,995 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 2,319,965 | | | 2,319,965 | (886,269 | ) | 1,433,696 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,821,921 | | | 1,821,921 | (522,622 | ) | 1,299,299 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 114,441 | | | 114,441 | (3,375 | ) | 111,066 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,707,480 | | | 1,707,480 | (519,247 | ) | 1,188,233 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 300,071 | 119,934 | 420,005 | | 420,005 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 38,687 | | 38,687 | | 38,687 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 130,796 | 33 | 130,469 | 261,298 | 1,764,542 | 2,025,840 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 220,674 | | | 220,674 | 174 | 220,848 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 408,502 | 159,898 | 291,004 | 859,404 | 35,528 | 894,932 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 430,099 | 63,737 | (14,466 | ) | 479,370 | 163,319 | 642,689 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 98 | 876 | | 974 | 52 | 1,026 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 778,903 | $ | 114,280 | $ | (26,135 | ) | $ | 867,048 | $ | 1,046,222 | $ | 1,913,270 | ||||||
6
SLM CORPORATION
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
(In thousands)
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(A) | $ | 284,188 | $ | 311,635 | $ | 180,360 | $ | 1,131,108 | $ | 867,048 | |||||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | 117,520 | (252,748 | ) | (131,886 | ) | (60,069 | ) | (150,970 | ) | ||||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | 149,755 | 409,082 | 661,275 | 637,460 | 1,552,700 | ||||||||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (56,108 | ) | (54,318 | ) | (34,672 | ) | (203,943 | ) | (156,203 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (15,878 | ) | (16,108 | ) | (14,344 | ) | (61,160 | ) | (35,934 | ) | |||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 195,289 | 85,908 | 480,373 | 312,288 | 1,209,593 | ||||||||||||
Net tax effect(B) | (48,442 | ) | 33,807 | (10,380 | ) | (60,852 | ) | (163,319 | ) | ||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 146,847 | 119,715 | 469,993 | 251,436 | 1,046,274 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | | (52 | ) | (260 | ) | (52 | ) | |||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | 146,847 | 119,715 | 469,941 | 251,176 | 1,046,222 | ||||||||||||
GAAP net income | $ | 431,035 | $ | 431,350 | $ | 650,301 | $ | 1,382,284 | $ | 1,913,270 | |||||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $ | .96 | $ | .95 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 3.05 | $ | 4.04 | |||||||
(A) "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share |
$ | .63 | $ | .69 | $ | .39 | $ | 2.51 | $ | 1.84 | |||||||
Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). In addition to evaluating the Company's GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company's business segments under certain non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as "core earnings" for each business segment, and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on "core earnings" in operating each business segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used
7
regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. A more detailed discussion of the limitations of "core earnings" followed by a more detailed discussion of differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.
Limitations of "Core Earnings"
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-Tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP
"Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our "core earnings" segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
8
The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from the "core earnings" and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from "core earnings" as they are considered intercompany transactions on a Managed Basis.
9
Exhibit 99.2
SLM CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FOURTH QUARTER 2005
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following supplemental information should be read in connection with SLM Corporation's (the "Company") press release of fourth quarter 2005 earnings, dated January 19, 2006.
Statements in this Supplemental Financial Information release that refer to expectations as to future developments are forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements contemplate risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in such laws and regulations; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families; changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services; and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the Company's 2004 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the quarters ended September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, to be consistent with classifications adopted for the quarter ended December 31, 2005.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents the statements of income for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
Statements of Income
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 315 | $ | 270 | $ | 175 | $ | 1,015 | $ | 725 | |||||||||
Consolidation Loans | 760 | 677 | 432 | 2,500 | 1,365 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 204 | 174 | 99 | 634 | 336 | ||||||||||||||
Other loans | 23 | 22 | 20 | 85 | 74 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 90 | 70 | 75 | 276 | 233 | ||||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,392 | 1,213 | 801 | 4,510 | 2,733 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,002 | 829 | 469 | 3,059 | 1,434 | ||||||||||||||
Net interest income | 390 | 384 | 332 | 1,451 | 1,299 | ||||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 65 | 12 | 32 | 203 | 111 | ||||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 325 | 372 | 300 | 1,248 | 1,188 | ||||||||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | 241 | | | 552 | 375 | ||||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 80 | (16 | ) | 142 | 357 | 561 | |||||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | (7 | ) | (43 | ) | (12 | ) | (64 | ) | (49 | ) | |||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 70 | 316 | 507 | 247 | 849 | ||||||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 21 | 36 | 29 | 115 | 120 | ||||||||||||||
Debt management fees | 99 | 93 | 76 | 360 | 300 | ||||||||||||||
Collections revenue | 48 | 42 | 34 | 167 | 39 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 68 | 74 | 66 | 273 | 290 | ||||||||||||||
Total other income | 620 | 502 | 842 | 2,007 | 2,485 | ||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 118 | | 221 | ||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 297 | 292 | 269 | 1,138 | 895 | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 297 | 292 | 387 | 1,138 | 1,116 | ||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 648 | 582 | 755 | 2,117 | 2,557 | ||||||||||||||
Income taxes(1) | 216 | 150 | 104 | 729 | 642 | ||||||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 432 | 432 | 651 | 1,388 | 1,915 | ||||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 431 | 431 | 650 | 1,382 | 1,914 | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 8 | 7 | 3 | 22 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 423 | $ | 424 | $ | 647 | $ | 1,360 | $ | 1,902 | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share(2) | $ | .96 | $ | .95 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 3.05 | $ | 4.04 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
(1) | Income tax expense includes the permanent tax impact of excluding gains and losses from equity forward contracts from taxable income. | ||||||||||||||||||
(2) |
Impact on GAAP diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 |
$ |
(.03 |
) |
$ |
(.04 |
) |
$ |
(.08 |
) |
$ |
(.11 |
) |
$ |
(.23 |
) |
|||
2
The following table provides the historical effect of our contingently convertible debt instruments ("Co-Cos") on our common stock equivalents ("CSEs") and after-tax interest expense in connection with the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
||||||||||
CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares) | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | ||||||||||
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense | $ | 13,685 | $ | 11,971 | $ | 7,125 | $ | 44,572 | $ | 21,405 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Earnings Summary
Three Months Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2005
For the three months ended December 31, 2005, our net income was $431 million ($.96 diluted earnings per share) versus net income of $431 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. On a pre-tax basis, fourth quarter of 2005 income of $648 million was an 11 percent increase over $582 million earned in the third quarter of 2005. The reason that quarter over quarter pre-tax income increased whereas it was flat on an after-tax basis is due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 26 percent in the third quarter of 2005 to 33 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. Under the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB's") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity," we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the unrealized gain on our outstanding equity forward contracts was $56 million, a decrease of $107 million versus the unrealized gain of $163 million recognized in the third quarter of 2005.
When comparing the pre-tax results of the fourth quarter to the third quarter, there were several offsetting factors, the two largest of which were a $246 million decrease in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities, offset by an increase in securitization gains of $241 million. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive accounting hedge treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Forward interest rates rose in both the third and fourth quarters; however the increase was less in the fourth quarter resulting in less of a gain on the Floor Income Contracts. Likewise, the stock price of SLM Corporation increased in both the third and fourth quarters, but the absolute increase was less in the fourth quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts in the fourth quarter. The $36 million decrease in losses on investments versus the prior quarter is primarily due to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter.
The fourth quarter securitization gains were driven by two off-balance sheet securitizations, particularly a Private Education Loan securitization that had a pre-tax gain of $222 million or 15 percent of the amount securitized, versus no off-balance sheet transactions and consequently no gains in the third quarter of 2005. Also in the fourth quarter, we recorded impairment losses to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $65 million versus $171 million in the third quarter. These impairments were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005. Higher than projected Consolidations continued in the fourth quarter of
3
2005, but at a much lower rate than the third quarter. The reduction in impairment losses was the major factor in the $96 million increase in servicing and securitization revenue.
During the fourth quarter we acquired $6.5 billion in student loans, including $1.5 billion in Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, we acquired $8.4 billion in student loans, of which $2.3 billion were Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we originated $4.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel compared to $7.2 billion originated in the third quarter of 2005.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2004
For the three months ended December 31, 2005, net income of $431 million ($.96 diluted earnings per share) was a 34 percent decrease from net income of $650 million for the three months ended December 31, 2004. On a pre-tax basis, fourth quarter of 2005 income of $648 million was a 14 percent decrease from $755 million earned in the fourth quarter of 2004. The larger percentage decrease in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the increase in the effective tax rate from 14 percent in the fourth quarter of 2004 to 33 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. The year-over-year fluctuation in the effective tax rate was driven by an unrealized gain of $56 million on our outstanding equity forward contracts in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus an unrealized gain of $424 million in the fourth quarter of 2004.
When comparing the pre-tax results of the fourth quarter of 2005 to the year-ago quarter, there were several offsetting factors, the two largest of which were a $437 million decrease in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities, partially offset by an increase in securitization gains of $241 million. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive accounting hedge treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Forward interest rates rose in both quarters; however the increase was greater in the year-ago quarter than in the current quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our Floor Income Contracts in the fourth quarter of 2005. In addition, the stock price of SLM Corporation rose in both quarters, but the absolute increase was lower in the fourth quarter of 2005 than in the year-ago quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts when compared to the fourth quarter of 2004.
As discussed above, securitization gains in the fourth quarter of 2005 were $241 million on two off-balance sheet transactions. In the fourth quarter of 2004 there were no off-balance sheet transactions and therefore no gains recognized. We incurred impairment losses in the fourth quarter of 2005 to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $65 million versus $19 million in the year-ago quarter that were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the continued high level of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the fourth quarter of 2005. The increase in year-over-year impairment losses was the major driver of the $62 million decrease in servicing and securitization revenue.
The fourth quarter of 2005 also benefited from a higher average balance of student loans on-balance sheet that increased net interest income by $58 million, whereas net income for the fourth quarter of 2004 was negatively impacted by a $118 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $1.3 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004.
During the fourth quarter of 2005 we acquired $6.5 billion in student loans, including $1.5 billion in Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2004, we acquired $11.8 billion in student loans, of which $896 million were Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we originated $4.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 15 percent over the $4.0 billion originated in the fourth quarter of 2004.
4
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
For the year ended December 31, 2005, our net income decreased by 26 percent to $1.4 billion ($3.05 diluted earnings per share) from net income of $1.9 billion ($4.04 diluted earnings per share) in 2004. On a pre-tax basis, income for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by 19 percent to $2.1 billion versus $2.6 billion in the year ended of 2004. The larger percentage decrease in net income from 2004 to 2005 is primarily due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 25 percent in the year ended 2004 to 34 percent in the year ended 2005, caused by unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts as described above. In the year ended 2005, we recognized unrealized gains on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $121 million versus unrealized gains of $759 million in the year ended 2004.
The decrease in pre-tax income is primarily due to a $602 million decrease in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Although forward interest rates rose more in 2005 than in 2004, the unrealized gains on our Floor Income Contracts were smaller in 2005 due to fewer contracts being in the money. The stock price of SLM Corporation increased in both 2005 and 2004, but the absolute increase was less in 2005 resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts in 2005.
The year-over-year results were negatively impacted by impairments of our Retained Interests in securitizations of $260 million in 2005 versus $80 million for the year ended 2004. These impairments are recorded in the "servicing and securitization revenue" line item. The increase in impairment losses were partially offset by an increase in securitization gains of $177 million primarily caused by higher percentage gains on the 2005 Private Education Loan securitizations.
The year-over-year increase in debt management fees and collections revenue of $188 million is primarily due to a full year impact of collections revenue from AFS, acquired in the third quarter of 2004 and overall growth in the contingency fee businesses. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $243 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2004: AFS, Southwest and SLFA.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 was also negatively impacted by a $221 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in 2004.
Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $15.1 billion, from $107.4 billion at December 31, 2004 to $122.5 billion at December 31, 2005. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $30.2 billion of student loans in the year ended 2005, a one percent increase over the $29.9 billion acquired in 2004. In the year ended 2005, we originated $21.4 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 19 percent over the $18.0 billion originated in the year ended 2004.
5
NET INTEREST INCOME
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income
The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.
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Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||
Student loans | $ | 1,279 | $ | 1,121 | $ | 707 | $ | 4,149 | $ | 2,426 | ||||||
Other loans | 23 | 22 | 20 | 85 | 74 | |||||||||||
Cash and investments | 90 | 70 | 75 | 277 | 233 | |||||||||||
Taxable equivalent adjustment | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||||
Total taxable equivalent interest income | 1,395 | 1,214 | 805 | 4,516 | 2,742 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,002 | 829 | 469 | 3,059 | 1,434 | |||||||||||
Taxable equivalent net interest income | $ | 393 | $ | 385 | $ | 336 | $ | 1,457 | $ | 1,308 | ||||||
Average Balance Sheets
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
||||||||||
Average Assets | ||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 22,062 | 5.67 | % | $ | 21,574 | 4.97 | % | $ | 17,654 | 3.95 | % | ||||
Consolidation Loans | 53,020 | 5.69 | 48,774 | 5.51 | 38,374 | 4.48 | ||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 7,832 | 10.33 | 7,193 | 9.57 | 5,256 | 7.49 | ||||||||||
Other loans | 1,106 | 8.29 | 1,036 | 8.40 | 1,029 | 7.80 | ||||||||||
Cash and investments | 7,075 | 5.19 | 6,621 | 4.26 | 11,285 | 2.74 | ||||||||||
Total interest earning assets | 91,095 | 6.08 | % | 85,198 | 5.65 | % | 73,598 | 4.35 | % | |||||||
Non-interest earning assets | 8,031 | 6,898 | 6,551 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 99,126 | $ | 92,096 | $ | 80,149 | ||||||||||
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,523 | 4.56 | % | $ | 4,765 | 3.95 | % | $ | 3,630 | 2.96 | % | ||||
Long-term borrowings | 86,606 | 4.35 | 80,125 | 3.87 | 70,472 | 2.50 | ||||||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities | 91,129 | 4.36 | % | 84,890 | 3.87 | % | 74,102 | 2.52 | % | |||||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities | 4,079 | 3,596 | 3,073 | |||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 3,918 | 3,610 | 2,974 | |||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 99,126 | $ | 92,096 | $ | 80,149 | ||||||||||
Net interest margin | 1.71 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.81 | % | ||||||||||
6
|
Years ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||
|
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
|||||||
Average Assets | |||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 20,720 | 4.90 | % | $ | 19,317 | 3.76 | % | |||
Consolidation loans | 47,082 | 5.31 | 31,773 | 4.30 | |||||||
Private Education Loans | 6,922 | 9.16 | 4,795 | 7.00 | |||||||
Other loans | 1,072 | 8.04 | 1,004 | 7.72 | |||||||
Cash and investments | 6,662 | 4.22 | 11,322 | 2.11 | |||||||
Total interest earning assets | 82,458 | 5.48 | % | 68,211 | 4.02 | % | |||||
Non-interest earning assets | 6,990 | 6,497 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 89,448 | $ | 74,708 | |||||||
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,517 | 3.93 | % | $ | 10,596 | 1.95 | % | |||
Long-term borrowings | 77,958 | 3.70 | 58,134 | 2.11 | |||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities | 82,475 | 3.71 | % | 68,730 | 2.09 | % | |||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities | 3,555 | 3,195 | |||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 3,418 | 2,783 | |||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 89,448 | $ | 74,708 | |||||||
Net interest margin | 1.77 | % | 1.92 | % | |||||||
The decrease in the net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the prior quarter and year-ago quarter is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under "Student LoansStudent Loan Spread Analysis." In addition to student loan spread related items, the net interest margin in the year-ago quarter was negatively impacted by the higher average balances of lower yielding short-term investments which were being built up during 2004 as additional liquidity in anticipation of the GSE Wind-Down.
Student Loans
For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.
7
Student Loan Spread Analysis
The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "Securitization ProgramServicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "Lending Business SegmentStudent Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis."
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
On-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||
Student loan yield, before Floor Income | 6.97 | % | 6.39 | % | 5.02 | % | 6.22 | % | 4.53 | % | ||||||
Gross Floor Income | .12 | .20 | .55 | .25 | .73 | |||||||||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.66 | ) | (.65 | ) | (.64 | ) | (.65 | ) | (.58 | ) | ||||||
Offset Fees | | | | | (.03 | ) | ||||||||||
Borrower benefits | (.13 | ) | (.04 | ) | (.21 | ) | (.11 | ) | (.18 | ) | ||||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.18 | ) | (.16 | ) | (.13 | ) | (.16 | ) | (.13 | ) | ||||||
Student loan net yield | 6.12 | 5.74 | 4.59 | 5.55 | 4.34 | |||||||||||
Student loan cost of funds | (4.35 | ) | (3.85 | ) | (2.46 | ) | (3.69 | ) | (2.01 | ) | ||||||
Student loan spread | 1.77 | % | 1.89 | % | 2.13 | % | 1.86 | % | 2.33 | % | ||||||
Off-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income | .77 | % | (.23 | )% | 1.20 | % | .81 | % | 1.17 | % | ||||||
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation | .05 | .07 | .11 | .06 | .21 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | .82 | % | (.16 | )% | 1.31 | % | .87 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,914 | $ | 77,541 | $ | 61,284 | $ | 74,724 | $ | 55,885 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 38,497 | 40,742 | 42,852 | 41,220 | 40,558 | |||||||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 121,411 | $ | 118,283 | $ | 104,136 | $ | 115,944 | $ | 96,443 | ||||||
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting
One of the primary drivers of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, we earned gross Floor Income of $26 million (12 basis points), $40 million (20 basis points) and $84 million (55 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for accounting hedge treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging
8
activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 totaled $26 million (12 basis points), $38 million (19 basis points) and $73 million (48 basis points), respectively.
In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005 caused primarily by FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This unprecedented volume of Consolidation Loan requests resulted in a majority of the applications being processed in the third and fourth quarters. The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third and fourth quarters can mainly be attributed to this surge in Consolidation Loan activity as we write-off the balance of unamortized premiums associated with loans that consolidate away from the Company as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest IncomeStudent Loans").
In the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program, (see "Consolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion") which resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for loans consolidated with third parties. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of borrower benefit reserves associated with these loans.
In the third quarter of 2005, we updated our estimates for the qualification of borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $16 million or eight basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
The change in the fourth quarter 2005 spread versus the third quarter of 2005, after giving effect to the items discussed above, was also impacted by the nine percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the higher average balance of Consolidation Loans.
When compared to the year-ago quarter, the increase in the fourth quarter 2005 student loan spread after giving effect to the items discussed above was also due to lower borrower benefits and to the 49 percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans. These positive effects were partially offset by the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio.
9
On-Balance Sheet Floor Income
For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
Floor Income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Floor Income | $ | 26 | $ | | $ | 26 | $ | 40 | $ | | $ | 40 | $ | 84 | $ | | $ | 84 | ||||||||||
Payments on Floor Income Contracts | (26 | ) | | (26 | ) | (38 | ) | | (38 | ) | (73 | ) | | (73 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net Floor Income | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 11 | $ | | $ | 11 | ||||||||||
Net Floor Income in basis points | | | | 1 | | 1 | 7 | | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed borrower Rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower Rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Floor Income: | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Floor Income | $ | 187 | $ | | $ | 187 | $ | 406 | $ | 2 | $ | 408 | |||||||
Payments on Floor Income Contracts | (175 | ) | | (175 | ) | (368 | ) | | (368 | ) | |||||||||
Net Floor Income | $ | 12 | $ | | $ | 12 | $ | 38 | $ | 2 | $ | 40 | |||||||
Net Floor Income in basis points | 2 | | 2 | 7 | | 7 | |||||||||||||
The decrease in the fourth quarter 2005 net Floor Income versus the prior and year-ago quarters is primarily due to an increase in short-term interest rates.
SECURITIZATION PROGRAM
Securitization Activity
The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
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|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
|||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans | 1 | $ | 3,003 | $ | 19 | .6 | % | | $ | | $ | | | % | | $ | | $ | | | % | ||||||||||
Consolidation Loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 1 | 1,500 | 222 | 14.8 | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationssales | 2 | 4,503 | $ | 241 | 5.3 | % | | | $ | | | % | | | $ | | | % | |||||||||||||
Asset-backed commercial paper | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidation Loans(1) | 1 | 3,001 | 3 | 7,276 | 1 | 3,900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationsfinancings | 1 | 3,001 | 3 | 7,276 | 1 | 3,900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizations | 3 | $ | 7,504 | 3 | $ | 7,276 | 1 | $ | 3,900 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10
|
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
|||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans | 3 | $ | 6,533 | $ | 68 | 1.1 | % | 4 | $ | 10,002 | $ | 134 | 1.3 | % | |||||||
Consolidation Loans | 2 | 4,011 | 31 | .8 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 2 | 3,005 | 453 | 15.1 | 2 | 2,535 | 241 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||
Total securitizationssales | 7 | 13,549 | $ | 552 | 4.1 | % | 6 | 12,537 | $ | 375 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||
Asset-backed commercial paper | | | 1 | 4,186 | |||||||||||||||||
Consolidation Loans(1) | 5 | 12,503 | 6 | 17,124 | |||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationsfinancings | 5 | 12,503 | 7 | 21,310 | |||||||||||||||||
Total securitizations | 12 | $ | 26,052 | 13 | $ | 33,847 | |||||||||||||||
The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transactions is primarily impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized, improved funding spreads, and a decrease in the CPR assumption used in the calculation of the 2005 gains on sale.
Servicing and Securitization Revenue
Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.
11
The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Servicing revenue | $ | 73 | $ | 79 | $ | 87 | $ | 323 | $ | 326 | ||||||
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 67 | 68 | 62 | 270 | 230 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 140 | 147 | 149 | 593 | 556 | |||||||||||
Embedded Floor Income | 12 | 19 | 41 | 81 | 241 | |||||||||||
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation | (7 | ) | (11 | ) | (29 | ) | (57 | ) | (156 | ) | ||||||
Net Embedded Floor Income | 5 | 8 | 12 | 24 | 85 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment | 145 | 155 | 161 | 617 | 641 | |||||||||||
Retained Interest impairment | (65 | ) | (171 | ) | (19 | ) | (260 | ) | (80 | ) | ||||||
Total servicing and securitization revenue | $ | 80 | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 142 | $ | 357 | $ | 561 | |||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | $ | 38,497 | $ | 40,742 | $ | 42,852 | $ | 41,220 | $ | 40,558 | ||||||
Average balance of Retained Interest | $ | 2,476 | $ | 2,530 | $ | 2,430 | $ | 2,476 | $ | 2,434 | ||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized) | .82 | % | (.16 | )% | 1.31 | % | .87 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans. Servicing and securitization revenue can also be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. When FFELP Stafford loans in a securitization trust consolidate, they are a prepayment to the trust resulting in a shorter average life. We use a CPR assumption to estimate the effect of trust prepayments from loan consolidation and other factors on the life of the trust. When consolidation activity is higher than forecasted, the Residual Interest asset can be impaired and the yield used to recognize subsequent income from the trust is negatively impacted. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. For the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $65 million, $171 million, and $19 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $260 million and $80 million, respectively. The impairment charges in both the fourth and third quarters of 2005 were primarily caused by the record levels of consolidation activity as well as the Company increasing its expected future CPR assumptions used to value the Residual Interest as of September 30, 2005. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity was due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. These applications were processed through our
12
securitizations in both the third and fourth quarter of 2005. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we continue to revise our estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests. We updated our FFELP Stafford CPR assumptions in the third quarter of 2005 as follows:
Year |
As of September 30, 2005(1) |
As of December 31, 2004 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 30% | 20% | ||
2006 | 20% | 15% | ||
2007 | 15% | 6% | ||
Thereafter | 10% | 6% |
The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity remains highly volatile and may result in additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected. The fourth quarter of 2005 impairment charge was also due to the re-introduction of a one percent Risk Sharing loss assumption in our FFELP residuals related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS.") This comprised $23 million of the $65 million total impairment charge for the fourth quarter of 2005. See "Allowance for FFELP Student Loans" for further discussion regarding the change in the Risk Sharing exposure.
In 2004, our Retained Interests were also impaired by the effect of higher market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the Debt Management Operations ("DMO") operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. These operating segments are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on "core earnings." Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial
13
statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
"Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating its business because "core earnings" permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments. Reconciliations to the Company's consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
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|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 620 | $ | | $ | | $ | 620 | $ | (305 | ) | $ | 315 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 934 | | | 934 | (174 | ) | 760 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 374 | | | 374 | (170 | ) | 204 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 23 | | | 23 | | 23 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 129 | | | 129 | (39 | ) | 90 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,080 | | | 2,080 | (688 | ) | 1,392 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,514 | | | 1,514 | (512 | ) | 1,002 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 566 | | | 566 | (176 | ) | 390 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 69 | | | 69 | (4 | ) | 65 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 497 | | | 497 | (172 | ) | 325 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 99 | 21 | 120 | | 120 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 38 | | 28 | 66 | 386 | 452 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 122 | 83 | 74 | 279 | 18 | 297 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 153 | 23 | (9 | ) | 167 | 49 | 216 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 260 | $ | 40 | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 284 | $ | 147 | $ | 431 | ||||||
14
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 586 | $ | | $ | | $ | 586 | $ | (316 | ) | $ | 270 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 833 | | | 833 | (156 | ) | 677 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 312 | | | 312 | (138 | ) | 174 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 22 | | | 22 | | 22 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 113 | | | 113 | (43 | ) | 70 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,866 | | | 1,866 | (653 | ) | 1,213 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,306 | | | 1,306 | (477 | ) | 829 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 560 | | | 560 | (176 | ) | 384 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | | | | | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 560 | | | 560 | (188 | ) | 372 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 93 | 36 | 129 | | 129 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | |||||||||||||
Other income | | | 36 | 36 | 295 | 331 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 117 | 72 | 82 | 271 | 21 | 292 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 164 | 23 | (4 | ) | 183 | (33 | ) | 150 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 279 | $ | 39 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 312 | $ | 119 | $ | 431 | ||||||
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 477 | $ | | $ | | $ | 477 | $ | (302 | ) | $ | 175 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 488 | | | 488 | (56 | ) | 432 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 187 | | | 187 | (88 | ) | 99 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 20 | | | 20 | | 20 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 90 | | | 90 | (15 | ) | 75 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,262 | | | 1,262 | (461 | ) | 801 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 784 | | | 784 | (315 | ) | 469 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 478 | | | 478 | (146 | ) | 332 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 36 | | | 36 | (4 | ) | 32 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 442 | | | 442 | (142 | ) | 300 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 76 | 29 | 105 | | 105 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 34 | | 34 | | 34 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 36 | | 31 | 67 | 636 | 703 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 118 | | | 118 | | 118 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 109 | 60 | 86 | 255 | 14 | 269 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 85 | 17 | (8 | ) | 94 | 10 | 104 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 166 | $ | 32 | $ | (18 | ) | $ | 180 | $ | 470 | $ | 650 | ||||||
15
|
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 2,298 | $ | | $ | | $ | 2,298 | $ | (1,283 | ) | $ | 1,015 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 3,014 | | | 3,014 | (514 | ) | 2,500 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 1,160 | | | 1,160 | (526 | ) | 634 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 85 | | | 85 | | 85 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 401 | | | 401 | (125 | ) | 276 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 6,958 | | | 6,958 | (2,448 | ) | 4,510 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 4,823 | | | 4,823 | (1,764 | ) | 3,059 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 2,135 | | | 2,135 | (684 | ) | 1,451 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 138 | | | 138 | 65 | 203 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,997 | | | 1,997 | (749 | ) | 1,248 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 360 | 115 | 475 | | 475 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 167 | | 167 | | 167 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 110 | | 126 | 236 | 1,129 | 1,365 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 479 | 283 | 308 | 1,070 | 68 | 1,138 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 602 | 91 | (25 | ) | 668 | 61 | 729 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 2 | 4 | | 6 | | 6 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,024 | $ | 149 | $ | (42 | ) | $ | 1,131 | $ | 251 | $ | 1,382 | ||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,715 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,715 | $ | (990 | ) | $ | 725 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 1,473 | | | 1,473 | (108 | ) | 1,365 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 613 | | | 613 | (277 | ) | 336 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 74 | | | 74 | | 74 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 267 | | | 267 | (34 | ) | 233 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 4,142 | | | 4,142 | (1,409 | ) | 2,733 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 2,320 | | | 2,320 | (886 | ) | 1,434 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,822 | | | 1,822 | (523 | ) | 1,299 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 114 | | | 114 | (3 | ) | 111 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,708 | | | 1,708 | (520 | ) | 1,188 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 300 | 120 | 420 | | 420 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 131 | | 130 | 261 | 1,765 | 2,026 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt and extinguishment | 221 | | | 221 | | 221 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 409 | 159 | 291 | 859 | 36 | 895 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 430 | 65 | (15 | ) | 480 | 162 | 642 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 779 | $ | 114 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | 867 | $ | 1,047 | $ | 1,914 | ||||||
16
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(1) | $ | 284 | $ | 312 | $ | 180 | $ | 1,131 | $ | 867 | |||||||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | 118 | (253 | ) | (132 | ) | (60 | ) | (152 | ) | ||||||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | 150 | 409 | 661 | 637 | 1,553 | ||||||||||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (56 | ) | (54 | ) | (35 | ) | (204 | ) | (156 | ) | |||||||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (16 | ) | (16 | ) | (14 | ) | (61 | ) | (36 | ) | |||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes |
196 | 86 | 480 | 312 | 1,209 | ||||||||||||||
Net tax effect(2) | (49 | ) | 33 | (10 | ) | (61 | ) | (162 | ) | ||||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | 147 | 119 | 470 | 251 | 1,047 | ||||||||||||||
GAAP net income | $ | 431 | $ | 431 | $ | 650 | $ | 1,382 | $ | 1,914 | |||||||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share |
$ | .96 | $ | .95 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 3.05 | $ | 4.04 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
(1) | "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .63 | $ | .69 | $ | .39 | $ | 2.51 | $ | 1.84 | ||||||||
(2) |
Such tax effect is based upon the Company's "core earnings" effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts. |
Limitations of "Core Earnings"
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, "core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
17
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our "core earnings" segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
18
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" securitization adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses | $ | (195 | ) | $ | (225 | ) | $ | (261 | ) | $ | (935 | ) | $ | (1,065 | ) | |||
Gains on student loan securitizations | 241 | | | 552 | 375 | |||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 80 | (16 | ) | 142 | 357 | 561 | ||||||||||||
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts | (8 | ) | (12 | ) | (13 | ) | (34 | ) | (23 | ) | ||||||||
Total "core earnings" securitization adjustments | $ | 118 | $ | (253 | ) | $ | (132 | ) | $ | (60 | ) | $ | (152 | ) | ||||
19
the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" derivative adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1) | $ | 70 | $ | 316 | $ | 507 | $ | 247 | $ | 849 | ||||||||
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | 80 | 93 | 162 | 387 | 713 | |||||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 150 | 409 | 669 | 634 | 1,562 | |||||||||||||
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments | | | (8 | ) | 3 | (9 | ) | |||||||||||
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting | $ | 150 | $ | 409 | $ | 661 | $ | 637 | $ | 1,553 | ||||||||
20
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as "realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities") that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and where they are reclassified to on a "core earnings" basis for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income | $ | (38 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (111 | ) | $ | (259 | ) | $ | (562 | ) | ||
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income | (42 | ) | (36 | ) | (40 | ) | (123 | ) | (88 | ) | |||||||
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income | | | (11 | ) | (5 | ) | (63 | ) | |||||||||
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities | (80 | ) | (93 | ) | (162 | ) | (387 | ) | (713 | ) | |||||||
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | 150 | 409 | 669 | 634 | 1,562 | ||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 70 | $ | 316 | $ | 507 | $ | 247 | $ | 849 | |||||||
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Floor Income Contracts | $ | 102 | $ | 257 | $ | 227 | $ | 481 | $ | 729 | |||||||
Equity forward contracts | 56 | 163 | 424 | 121 | 759 | ||||||||||||
Basis swaps | (7 | ) | (19 | ) | 29 | 40 | 73 | ||||||||||
Other | (1 | ) | 8 | (11 | ) | (8 | ) | 1 | |||||||||
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 150 | $ | 409 | $ | 669 | $ | 634 | $ | 1,562 | |||||||
21
|
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" Floor Income adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 18 | $ | 19 | $ | 88 | ||||||||
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income | (56 | ) | (56 | ) | (53 | ) | (223 | ) | (194 | ) | ||||||||
Net losses related to closed Eurodollar futures contracts economically hedging Floor Income | | | | | (50 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total "core earnings" Floor Income adjustments | $ | (56 | ) | $ | (54 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | (204 | ) | $ | (156 | ) | |||
LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT
In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.
22
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Lending business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Managed Basis interest income: | ||||||||||||||||
Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 620 | $ | 586 | $ | 477 | $ | 2,298 | $ | 1,715 | ||||||
Managed Consolidation loans | 934 | 833 | 488 | 3,014 | 1,473 | |||||||||||
Managed Private Education Loans | 374 | 312 | 187 | 1,160 | 613 | |||||||||||
Other loans | 23 | 22 | 20 | 85 | 74 | |||||||||||
Cash and investments | 129 | 113 | 90 | 401 | 267 | |||||||||||
Total Managed interest income | 2,080 | 1,866 | 1,262 | 6,958 | 4,142 | |||||||||||
Total Managed interest expense | 1,514 | 1,306 | 784 | 4,823 | 2,320 | |||||||||||
Net Managed interest income | 566 | 560 | 478 | 2,135 | 1,822 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 69 | | 36 | 138 | 114 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 497 | 560 | 442 | 1,997 | 1,708 | |||||||||||
Other income | 38 | | 36 | 110 | 131 | |||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 118 | | 221 | |||||||||||
Operating expenses | 122 | 117 | 109 | 479 | 409 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 413 | 443 | 251 | 1,628 | 1,209 | |||||||||||
Income taxes | 153 | 164 | 85 | 602 | 430 | |||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 260 | 279 | 166 | 1,026 | 779 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | | | 2 | | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 260 | $ | 279 | $ | 166 | $ | 1,024 | $ | 779 | ||||||
23
The following tables present the effect of Consolidation Loan activity on our Managed FFELP portfolio.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
|||||||||||||||||||
Beginning Managed balance | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 47,126 | $ | 55,875 | $ | 103,001 | $ | 46,613 | $ | 40,878 | $ | 87,491 | ||||||||||
Acquisitions | 3,010 | 525 | 3,535 | 3,993 | 791 | 4,784 | 4,402 | 5,539 | 9,941 | |||||||||||||||||||
Incremental Consolidations from third parties | | 1,526 | 1,526 | | 1,308 | 1,308 | | 982 | 982 | |||||||||||||||||||
Internal Consolidations(2) | (2,921 | ) | 2,921 | | (5,250 | ) | 5,250 | | (2,468 | ) | 2,468 | | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidations to third parties | (1,137 | ) | (920 | ) | (2,057 | ) | (979 | ) | (320 | ) | (1,299 | ) | (517 | ) | (87 | ) | (604 | ) | ||||||||||
Repayments/claims/resales/other | (1,376 | ) | (779 | ) | (2,155 | ) | (1,808 | ) | (743 | ) | (2,551 | ) | (1,240 | ) | (614 | ) | (1,854 | ) | ||||||||||
Ending Managed balance | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 46,790 | $ | 49,166 | $ | 95,956 | ||||||||||
|
Years ended |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
|||||||||||||
Beginning Managed balance | $ | 46,791 | $ | 49,165 | $ | 95,956 | $ | 45,554 | $ | 34,930 | $ | 80,484 | |||||||
Acquisitions | 17,198 | 1,970 | 19,168 | 16,856 | 6,246 | 23,102 | |||||||||||||
Incremental Consolidations from third parties | | 4,670 | 4,670 | | 2,609 | 2,609 | |||||||||||||
Internal Consolidations(2) | (14,011 | ) | 14,011 | | (7,687 | ) | 7,687 | | |||||||||||
Consolidations to third parties | (3,089 | ) | (1,580 | ) | (4,669 | ) | (1,780 | ) | (314 | ) | (2,094 | ) | |||||||
Repayments/claims/resales/other | (6,231 | ) | (2,802 | ) | (9,033 | ) | (6,153 | ) | (1,992 | ) | (8,145 | ) | |||||||
Ending Managed balance | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 46,790 | $ | 49,166 | $ | 95,956 | |||||||
The increase in FFELP Stafford and other Consolidations to third parties is primarily due to some FFELP lenders consolidating these loans using the Direct Lending program as a pass-through entity to circumvent the statutory prohibition on the FFELP reconsolidation of FFELP Consolidation Loans. Pending legislation eliminates this practice by June 30, 2006, but we are working with others in the industry to end it before June 30, 2006 because we believe that this practice is improper and not permitted by current regulations. If this practice is not ended before June 30, 2006, we expect to experience additional increases in consolidations to third parties through such time.
24
Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio
The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.
Ending Balances:
|
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 19,988 | $ | 54,859 | $ | 74,847 | $ | 7,757 | $ | 82,604 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 20,670 | 10,575 | 31,245 | 8,680 | 39,925 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 16,437 | $ | 122,529 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 27 | % | 73 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 38 | % | 62 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 33 | % | 54 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
|
September 30, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 22,354 | $ | 51,193 | $ | 73,547 | $ | 8,079 | $ | 81,626 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 20,728 | 10,968 | 31,696 | 7,312 | 39,008 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 15,391 | $ | 120,634 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 30 | % | 70 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 41 | % | 59 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 36 | % | 51 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
|
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 18,965 | $ | 41,596 | $ | 60,561 | $ | 5,420 | $ | 65,981 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 27,825 | 7,570 | 35,395 | 6,062 | 41,457 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,790 | $ | 49,166 | $ | 95,956 | $ | 11,482 | $ | 107,438 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 31 | % | 69 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 49 | % | 51 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 43 | % | 46 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
25
Average Balances:
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 22,062 | $ | 53,020 | $ | 75,082 | $ | 7,832 | $ | 82,914 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 19,426 | 10,748 | 30,174 | 8,323 | 38,497 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 41,488 | $ | 63,768 | $ | 105,256 | $ | 16,155 | $ | 121,411 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 29 | % | 71 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 39 | % | 61 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 34 | % | 53 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 21,574 | $ | 48,774 | $ | 70,348 | $ | 7,193 | $ | 77,541 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 22,250 | 11,094 | 33,344 | 7,398 | 40,742 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 43,824 | $ | 59,868 | $ | 103,692 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 118,283 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 31 | % | 69 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 42 | % | 58 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 37 | % | 51 | % | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % |
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 17,654 | $ | 38,374 | $ | 56,028 | $ | 5,256 | $ | 61,284 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 29,090 | 7,567 | 36,657 | 6,195 | 42,852 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,744 | $ | 45,941 | $ | 92,685 | $ | 11,451 | $ | 104,136 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 32 | % | 68 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 50 | % | 50 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 45 | % | 44 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
|
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 20,720 | $ | 47,082 | $ | 67,802 | $ | 6,922 | $ | 74,724 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 24,182 | 9,800 | 33,982 | 7,238 | 41,220 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 44,902 | $ | 56,882 | $ | 101,784 | $ | 14,160 | $ | 115,944 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 31 | % | 69 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 44 | % | 56 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 39 | % | 49 | % | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % |
26
|
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 19,317 | $ | 31,773 | $ | 51,090 | $ | 4,795 | $ | 55,885 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 27,365 | 7,698 | 35,063 | 5,495 | 40,558 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,682 | $ | 39,471 | $ | 86,153 | $ | 10,290 | $ | 96,443 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 38 | % | 62 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 54 | % | 46 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 48 | % | 41 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
Student Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis
The following table analyzes the "core earnings" from our portfolio of student loans on a Managed basis (see "Pre-tax Differences between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP"). This analysis includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet loans in securitization trusts and derivatives economically hedging these line items and excludes unhedged Floor Income while including the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Managed Basis student loan yield | 7.11 | % | 6.55 | % | 5.10 | % | 6.32 | % | 4.59 | % | ||||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.54 | ) | (.52 | ) | (.45 | ) | (.50 | ) | (.42 | ) | ||||||
Offset Fees | | | | | (.02 | ) | ||||||||||
Borrower benefits | (.09 | ) | (.04 | ) | (.10 | ) | (.07 | ) | (.08 | ) | ||||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.18 | ) | (.18 | ) | (.15 | ) | (.17 | ) | (.13 | ) | ||||||
Managed Basis student loan net yield | 6.30 | 5.81 | 4.40 | 5.58 | 3.94 | |||||||||||
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds | (4.53 | ) | (4.00 | ) | (2.60 | ) | (3.80 | ) | (2.06 | ) | ||||||
Managed Basis student loan spread | 1.77 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.78 | % | 1.88 | % | ||||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,914 | $ | 77,541 | $ | 61,284 | $ | 74,724 | $ | 55,885 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 38,497 | 40,742 | 42,852 | 41,220 | 40,558 | |||||||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 121,411 | $ | 118,283 | $ | 104,136 | $ | 115,944 | $ | 96,443 | ||||||
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005 caused primarily by FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This unprecedented volume of Consolidation Loan requests resulted in a majority of the applications being processed in the third quarter. The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third quarter can mainly be attributed to this surge in Consolidation Loan activity as we write-off the balance of unamortized
27
premiums associated with loans that consolidate away from the Company as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest IncomeStudent Loans").
In the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program (see "Consolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion), which resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for loans consolidated with third parties. Losing loans to consolidation benefits the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of borrower benefit reserves associated with these loans.
In the third quarter of 2005, we updated our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $21 million or seven basis points in the borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
The change in the fourth quarter 2005 spread versus the third quarter of 2005, after giving effect to the items discussed above, was also impacted by the eleven percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans.
The decrease in the Managed student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the Managed portfolio. Consolidation Loans have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee. These negative effects are partially offset by the higher SAP spread earned on Consolidation Loans and lower student loan premium amortization due to their extended term. When compared to the year-ago quarter, the fourth quarter of 2005 spread was also negatively impacted by higher premium amortization, primarily caused by the full quarterly impact of the purchase price allocation for student loans acquired in acquisitions in the fourth quarter of 2004 and by the write-off of the premium associated with loans consolidated away as discussed above.
The fourth quarter of 2005 Managed student loan spread benefited from the increase in the average balance of Managed Private Education Loans as a percentage of the average Managed student loan portfolio from 11.0 percent in the fourth quarter of 2004 to 13.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged 4.83 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.31 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio.
Private Education Loans
All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. In the table below, when we securitize Private Education Loans, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided for in the allowance and then add back this reduction for these loans in the off-balance sheet section so that on a Managed basis we are maintaining the full allowance for these loans.
When Private Education Loans in securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212-day delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP at the time of repurchase of delinquent Private Education Loans from the trust are not considered losses until the loans ultimately charge off at day 212. These charge-offs are shown in the off-balance sheet section in the table below.
28
The off-balance sheet allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized.
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
On-Balance Sheet |
Off-Balance Sheet |
Managed Basis |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 193 | $ | 228 | $ | 167 | $ | 79 | $ | 91 | $ | 144 | $ | 272 | $ | 319 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||
Provision for Private Education Loan losses | 50 | 56 | 29 | (4 | ) | 4 | 2 | 46 | 60 | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||
Change in recovery methodology | | (49 | ) | | | (16 | ) | | | (65 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||
Total provision | 50 | 7 | 29 | (4 | ) | (12 | ) | 2 | 46 | (5 | ) | 31 | |||||||||||||||||
Charge-offs |
(40 |
) |
(47 |
) |
(28 |
) |
(1 |
) |
|
(3 |
) |
(41 |
) |
(47 |
) |
(31 |
) |
||||||||||||
Recoveries | 5 | 5 | 4 | | | | 5 | 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs | (35 | ) | (42 | ) | (24 | ) | (1 | ) | | (3 | ) | (36 | ) | (42 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans | 208 | 193 | 172 | 74 | 79 | 143 | 282 | 272 | 315 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans | (4 | ) | | | 4 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 204 | $ | 193 | $ | 172 | $ | 78 | $ | 79 | $ | 143 | $ | 282 | $ | 272 | $ | 315 | |||||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | 4.10 | % | 5.35 | % | 3.74 | % | .02 | % | | % | .34 | % | 1.86 | % | 2.42 | % | 1.93 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance | 2.56 | % | 2.34 | % | 3.07 | % | .89 | % | 1.07 | % | 2.31 | % | 1.69 | % | 1.74 | % | 2.67 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment | 5.57 | % | 6.00 | % | 6.05 | % | 1.68 | % | 2.13 | % | 4.27 | % | 3.40 | % | 3.93 | % | 5.08 | % | |||||||||||
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) | 1.45 | 1.15 | 1.75 | 118.00 | | 14.11 | 1.99 | 1.62 | 2.91 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average total loans | $ | 7,832 | $ | 7,193 | $ | 5,256 | $ | 8,323 | $ | 7,398 | $ | 6,195 | $ | 16,155 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 11,451 | |||||||||||
Ending total loans | $ | 7,961 | $ | 8,272 | $ | 5,592 | $ | 8,758 | $ | 7,391 | $ | 6,205 | $ | 16,719 | $ | 15,663 | $ | 11,797 | |||||||||||
Average loans in repayment | $ | 3,441 | $ | 3,150 | $ | 2,625 | $ | 4,178 | $ | 3,814 | $ | 2,980 | $ | 7,620 | $ | 6,964 | $ | 5,606 | |||||||||||
Ending loans in repayment | $ | 3,662 | $ | 3,220 | $ | 2,842 | $ | 4,653 | $ | 3,705 | $ | 3,352 | $ | 8,315 | $ | 6,925 | $ | 6,194 |
29
|
Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
On-balance sheet |
Off-balance sheet |
Managed Basis |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Years ended |
Years ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 172 | $ | 166 | $ | 143 | $ | 93 | $ | 315 | $ | 259 | ||||||||
Provision for Private Education Loan losses | 186 | 130 | 3 | 28 | 189 | 158 | ||||||||||||||
Change in estimate | 40 | | (60 | ) | | (20 | ) | | ||||||||||||
Change in recovery methodology | (49 | ) | | (16 | ) | | (65 | ) | | |||||||||||
Total provision | 177 | 130 | (73 | ) | 28 | 104 | 158 | |||||||||||||
Charge-offs |
(154 |
) |
(110 |
) |
(2 |
) |
(6 |
) |
(156 |
) |
(116 |
) |
||||||||
Recoveries | 19 | 14 | | | 19 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs | (135 | ) | (96 | ) | (2 | ) | (6 | ) | (137 | ) | (102 | ) | ||||||||
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans | 214 | 200 | 68 | 115 | 282 | 315 | ||||||||||||||
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans | (10 | ) | (28 | ) | 10 | 28 | | | ||||||||||||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 204 | $ | 172 | $ | 78 | $ | 143 | $ | 282 | $ | 315 | ||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment | 4.14 | % | 3.57 | % | .07 | % | .22 | % | 1.89 | % | 1.92 | % | ||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance | 2.56 | % | 3.07 | % | .89 | % | 2.31 | % | 1.69 | % | 2.67 | % | ||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment | 5.57 | % | 6.05 | % | 1.68 | % | 4.27 | % | 3.40 | % | 5.08 | % | ||||||||
Average coverage of net charge-offs | 1.52 | 1.79 | 29.75 | 24.81 | 2.06 | 3.09 | ||||||||||||||
Average total loans | $ | 6,922 | $ | 4,795 | $ | 7,238 | $ | 5,495 | $ | 14,160 | $ | 10,290 | ||||||||
Ending total loans | $ | 7,961 | $ | 5,592 | $ | 8,758 | $ | 6,205 | $ | 16,719 | $ | 11,797 | ||||||||
Average loans in repayment | $ | 3,252 | $ | 2,697 | $ | 4,002 | $ | 2,611 | $ | 7,254 | $ | 5,307 | ||||||||
Ending loans in repayment | $ | 3,662 | $ | 2,842 | $ | 4,653 | $ | 3,352 | $ | 8,315 | $ | 6,194 |
The decrease in the provision in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter of 2005 is primarily driven by the seasonality of loans entering repayment. The majority of loans typically enter repayment in the second and fourth quarters. This increase in loans entering repayment often leads to a near-term increase in early-stage delinquencies, or forbearance usage in the first and third quarters for the affected borrowers, which in turn leads to a spike in the provision for those quarters. Therefore, all other factors being equal, the provision for loan losses will be higher in the first and third quarters. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the provision was also reduced by lower default rates based on improved default experience due to our internal DMO collection efforts on our portfolios.
In the second quarter of 2005, we changed the methodology for estimating the allowance for loan losses and in the third quarter of 2005, we changed our estimate of future recoveries. Both of these changes resulted in a reduction of our allowance on a Managed Basis primarily through the reduction in the loss confirmation period and the extension of time over which we estimate future recoveries. As a result, the allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment decreased from 5.08 percent to 3.40 percent, and consequently the year-over-year growth rate in the provision is less than the growth rate in the portfolio. The year-over-year allowance on a Managed Basis increased by $52 million, exclusive of the adjustments related to these changes in estimate and methodology. This increase was primarily driven by the 37 percent year-over-year increase in average loans in repayment.
30
Delinquencies
The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.
|
On-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 4,301 | $ | 5,042 | $ | 2,787 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 303 | 311 | 166 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 3,311 | 90.4 | % | 2,873 | 89.2 | % | 2,555 | 89.9 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 166 | 4.5 | 145 | 4.5 | 124 | 4.4 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 77 | 2.1 | 75 | 2.3 | 56 | 2.0 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 108 | 3.0 | 127 | 4.0 | 107 | 3.7 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 3,662 | 100 | % | 3,220 | 100 | % | 2,842 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 8,266 | 8,573 | 5,795 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (305 | ) | (301 | ) | (203 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 7,961 | 8,272 | 5,592 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (204 | ) | (193 | ) | (172 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 7,757 | $ | 8,079 | $ | 5,420 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 44.3 | % | 37.6 | % | 49.0 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 9.6 | % | 10.8 | % | 10.1 | % | |||||||||||
|
Off-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 3,679 | $ | 3,272 | $ | 2,622 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 614 | 552 | 334 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 4,446 | 95.6 | % | 3,514 | 94.9 | % | 3,191 | 95.2 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 136 | 2.9 | 94 | 2.5 | 84 | 2.5 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 35 | .7 | 38 | 1.0 | 28 | .8 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 36 | .8 | 59 | 1.6 | 49 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 4,653 | 100 | % | 3,705 | 100 | % | 3,352 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 8,946 | 7,529 | 6,308 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (188 | ) | (138 | ) | (103 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 8,758 | 7,391 | 6,205 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (78 | ) | (79 | ) | (143 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 8,680 | $ | 7,312 | $ | 6,062 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 52.0 | % | 49.2 | % | 53.1 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 4.4 | % | 5.1 | % | 4.8 | % | |||||||||||
31
|
Managed Basis Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 7,980 | $ | 8,314 | $ | 5,409 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 917 | 863 | 500 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 7,757 | 93.3 | % | 6,387 | 92.2 | % | 5,746 | 92.8 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 302 | 3.6 | 239 | 3.5 | 208 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 112 | 1.4 | 113 | 1.6 | 84 | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 144 | 1.7 | 186 | 2.7 | 156 | 2.5 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 8,315 | 100 | % | 6,925 | 100 | % | 6,194 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 17,212 | 16,102 | 12,103 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (493 | ) | (439 | ) | (306 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 16,719 | 15,663 | 11,797 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (282 | ) | (272 | ) | (315 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 16,437 | $ | 15,391 | $ | 11,482 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 48.3 | % | 43.0 | % | 51.2 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 6.7 | % | 7.8 | % | 7.2 | % | |||||||||||
ForbearanceManaged Basis Private Education Loans
Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability improves between the time the loan is made and the time they enter the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time.
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Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At December 31, 2005, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance is 12.2 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage drops to 4.7 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 73 percent of our Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves.
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The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment:
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 31, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Dec. 31, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 7,980 | $ | 7,980 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 667 | 173 | 77 | | 917 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 4,508 | 1,796 | 1,453 | | 7,757 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 168 | 78 | 56 | | 302 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 63 | 30 | 19 | | 112 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 72 | 44 | 28 | | 144 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,478 | $ | 2,121 | $ | 1,633 | $ | 7,980 | $ | 17,212 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (493 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (282 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 16,437 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 12.2 | % | 8.2 | % | 4.7 | % | | % | 9.9 | % | ||||||
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 30, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Sept. 30, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 8,314 | $ | 8,314 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 630 | 150 | 83 | | 863 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 3,635 | 1,485 | 1,267 | | 6,387 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 131 | 62 | 46 | | 239 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 72 | 26 | 15 | | 113 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 100 | 58 | 28 | | 186 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,568 | $ | 1,781 | $ | 1,439 | $ | 8,314 | $ | 16,102 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (439 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (272 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 15,391 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 13.8 | % | 8.4 | % | 5.8 | % | | % | 11.1 | % | ||||||
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 31, 2004 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Dec. 31, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 5,409 | $ | 5,409 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 350 | 103 | 47 | | 500 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 3,228 | 1,401 | 1,117 | | 5,746 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 110 | 59 | 39 | | 208 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 43 | 26 | 15 | | 84 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 67 | 56 | 33 | | 156 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,798 | $ | 1,645 | $ | 1,251 | $ | 5,409 | $ | 12,103 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (306 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (315 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 11,482 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 9.2 | % | 6.3 | % | 3.8 | % | | % | 7.5 | % | ||||||
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The decrease in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance in the fourth quarter of 2005 was due to seasonality and to approximately $100 million in forbearance granted to borrowers affected by Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma, the majority of which returned to repayment status in the fourth quarter.
The table below stratifies the portfolio of Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used forbearance as of the dates indicated. As detailed in the table below, seven percent of loans currently in forbearance have been in loan repayment more than 24 months, which is unchanged versus the prior quarter and three percent lower than the year-ago period.
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
||||||||||
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance | ||||||||||||||||
1 to 12 months | $ | 690 | 75 | % | $ | 646 | 75 | % | $ | 334 | 66 | % | ||||
13 to 24 months | 162 | 18 | 154 | 18 | 117 | 24 | ||||||||||
25 to 36 months | 43 | 5 | 40 | 4 | 30 | 6 | ||||||||||
More than 36 months | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 19 | 4 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 917 | 100 | % | $ | 863 | 100 | % | $ | 500 | 100 | % | ||||
Allowance for FFELP Student Loan Losses
The current Higher Education draft legislation from the Budget Reconciliation Conference Report (see "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS" below for a full update of the Higher Education Act Reauthorization) contains provisions that could affect the level of default insurance on FFELP loans. The current bill would reduce the level of default insurance to 97 percent from 98 percent (effectively increasing Risk Sharing from two percent to three percent) on loans disbursed after July 1, 2006 for lenders without the Exceptional Performer ("EP") designation. Furthermore, the bill would reduce the default insurance paid to lenders/servicers with the Exceptional Performer designation to 99 percent from 100 percent on claims filed after July 1, 2006.
The Budget Reconciliation Bill has passed the Senate and we anticipate that it will be passed by the House of Representatives in early 2006 without modification to this default insurance provision. Because we believe passage by the House is highly probable, we established a risk-sharing allowance as of December 31, 2005 for an estimate of losses on FFELP Student Loans based on the one percent reduction in default insurance for servicers with the EP designation. As a result we provided for additional reserves of $10 million for on-balance sheet FFELP loans and $19 million for Managed FFELP loans.
Total Loan Net Charge-offs
The following tables summarize the total loan net charge-offs on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
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Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Private Education Loans | $ | 35 | $ | 42 | $ | 24 | $ | 135 | $ | 96 | ||||||
FFELP Loans | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | |||||||||||
Mortgage and consumer loans | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||
Total On-balance sheet loan net charge-offs | $ | 37 | $ | 44 | $ | 28 | $ | 144 | $ | 109 | ||||||
Total Managed loan net charge-offs
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Private Education Loans | $ | 36 | $ | 42 | $ | 27 | $ | 137 | $ | 102 | ||||||
FFELP Loans | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 19 | |||||||||||
Mortgage and consumer loans | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||
Total Managed loan net charge-offs | $ | 38 | $ | 44 | $ | 34 | $ | 146 | $ | 127 | ||||||
Other Income
The following table summarizes the components of other income for our Lending business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Late fees | $ | 22 | $ | 23 | $ | 20 | $ | 89 | $ | 92 | ||||||
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees | 4 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 22 | |||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | | (35 | ) | | (32 | ) | (23 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 12 | 6 | 10 | 35 | 40 | |||||||||||
Total other income | $ | 38 | $ | | $ | 36 | $ | 110 | $ | 131 | ||||||
The net losses on investments in the prior quarter primarily relates to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter, for the impairment of an aircraft leased to Northwest Airlines, which declared bankruptcy in September 2005.
At December 31, 2005, we had investments in leveraged and direct financing leases, net of impairments, totaling $122 million that are the general obligations of American Airlines and Federal Express Corporation. Based on an analysis of the potential losses on certain leveraged leases plus the increase in incremental tax obligations related to the forgiveness of debt obligations and/or the taxable gain on the sale of the aircraft, our remaining after-tax accounting exposure from our investment in commercial airlines is $56 million at December 31, 2005.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses.
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In the fourth quarter of 2004, we recognized a $118 million loss on the repurchase and defeasance of approximately $1.3 billion of GSE debt in connection with the Wind-Down of the GSE.
DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our DMO business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||
Fee income | $ | 99 | $ | 93 | $ | 76 | $ | 360 | $ | 300 | |||||
Collections revenue | 48 | 42 | 34 | 167 | 39 | ||||||||||
Total revenue | 147 | 135 | 110 | 527 | 339 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses | 83 | 72 | 60 | 283 | 159 | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 64 | 63 | 50 | 244 | 180 | ||||||||||
Income taxes | 23 | 23 | 17 | 91 | 65 | ||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 41 | 40 | 33 | 153 | 115 | ||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 40 | $ | 39 | $ | 32 | $ | 149 | $ | 114 | |||||
DMO Revenue by Product
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004(2) |
||||||||||||
Purchase paper collections revenue | $ | 48 | $ | 42 | $ | 34 | $ | 167 | $ | 39 | |||||||
Contingency: | |||||||||||||||||
ContingencyStudent loans | 63 | 66 | 59 | 258 | 253 | ||||||||||||
ContingencyOther | 27 | 9 | 8 | 55 | 18 | ||||||||||||
Total contingency | 90 | 75 | 67 | 313 | 271 | ||||||||||||
Other | 9 | 18 | 9 | 47 | 29 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 147 | $ | 135 | $ | 110 | $ | 527 | $ | 339 | |||||||
USA Funds(1) | $ | 44 | $ | 47 | $ | 43 | $ | 180 | $ | 190 | |||||||
% of total DMO revenue | 30 | % | 35 | % | 39 | % | 34 | % | 56 | % | |||||||
On August 31, 2005, we acquired 100 percent of GRP Financial Services ("GRP"), a debt management company that acquires and manages portfolios of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate. In addition, on December 22, 2005, we acquired an additional 12 percent ownership stake in Arrow Financial Services ("AFS"), bringing our ownership to 76 percent.
The $12 million increase in DMO revenue in the fourth quarter of 2005 over the third quarter of 2005 is due to contingency fee revenue earned from state tax collections included in the "Contingency-Other" line item and to higher purchase paper collections revenue earned by GRP. The $37 million, or 34 percent, increase in DMO revenue for the fourth quarter of 2005 compared to the fourth quarter of 2004 can be attributed to the year-over-year growth in the purchase paper businesses of AFS (acquired in September 2004) and to revenue generated by GRP (acquired in August 2005). Contingency fee revenue increased by $23 million, or 34 percent, to $90 million for the fourth quarter of 2005 versus
37
the year-ago period. The year-over-year growth in contingency fee revenue was primarily driven by the addition of state tax revenue business and by the growth in guaranty agency collections.
Purchase PaperNon-Mortgage
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004(1) |
|||||||||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 1,083 | $ | 330 | $ | 349 | $ | 2,830 | $ | 426 | ||||||
Purchase price | 108 | 25 | 15 | 198 | 19 | |||||||||||
% of face value purchased | 10.0 | % | 7.5 | % | 4.3 | % | 7.0 | % | 4.5 | % | ||||||
Gross Cash Collections ("GCC") | $ | 71 | $ | 61 | $ | 50 | $ | 250 | $ | 59 | ||||||
Purchase paper revenue | 41 | 39 | 34 | 157 | 39 | |||||||||||
% of GCC | 58 | % | 64 | % | 68 | % | 63 | % | 66 | % | ||||||
Carrying value of purchases | $ | 158 | $ | 81 | $ | 52 | $ | 158 | $ | 52 |
The amount of face value purchases in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the average age of the portfolio, the type of receivable, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of principal purchased will vary from quarter to quarter. The decrease in purchase paper revenue as a percentage of GCC can primarily be attributed to the significant increase in the purchase of new portfolios as revenue recognition generally lacks cash collection in the early stages of servicing a portfolio.
Purchase PaperMortgage/Properties
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 131 | $ | 34 | $ | | $ | 165 | $ | | ||||||
Purchase paper revenue | 7 | 3 | | 10 | | |||||||||||
Collateral value of purchases | 190 | 42 | | 232 | | |||||||||||
Purchase price | 109 | 32 | | 141 | | |||||||||||
% of collateral value | 57 | % | 76 | % | | % | 61 | % | | % | ||||||
Carrying value of purchases | $ | 298 | $ | 238 | $ | | $ | 298 | $ | |
The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the collateral. Fluctuations in the purchase price as a percentage of collateral value can be caused by a number of factors including the percentage of second mortgages in the portfolio and the level of private mortgage insurance.
Contingency Inventory
The following table presents the outstanding inventory of defaulted loans that are currently being serviced through our DMO business.
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contingency: | ||||||||||
ContingencyStudent loans | $ | 7,205 | $ | 6,985 | $ | 6,869 | ||||
ContingencyOther | 2,178 | 2,106 | 1,756 | |||||||
Total | $ | 9,383 | $ | 9,091 | $ | 8,625 | ||||
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our DMO business segment increased by $11 million, or 15 percent, to $83 million for the three months ended December 31, 2005 versus the prior quarter, primarily due to increased expenses for new state tax collection initiatives, the inclusion of GRP's operating expenses and collection costs associated with a large fourth quarter portfolio purchase. The increases in DMO contingency fee expenses are consistent with the growth in revenue and accounts serviced, as a high percentage of DMO expenses are variable. When compared to the year-ago quarter, operating expenses increased by $23 million or 38 percent. This is due to the items discussed above and the overall growth of the business.
CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Corporate and Other business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Fee income | $ | 21 | $ | 36 | $ | 29 | $ | 115 | $ | 120 | ||||||
Other income | 28 | 36 | 31 | 126 | 130 | |||||||||||
Total revenue | 49 | 72 | 60 | 241 | 250 | |||||||||||
Operating expenses | 74 | 82 | 86 | 308 | 291 | |||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (25 | ) | (10 | ) | (26 | ) | (67 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||||
Income tax benefit | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | (8 | ) | (25 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (16 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (42 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | |
Fee and Other Income
The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Years ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
September 30, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | $ | 21 | $ | 36 | $ | 29 | $ | 115 | $ | 120 | |||||
Loan servicing fees | 8 | 11 | 14 | 44 | 52 | ||||||||||
Other | 20 | 25 | 17 | 82 | 78 | ||||||||||
Total fee and other income | $ | 49 | $ | 72 | $ | 60 | $ | 241 | $ | 250 | |||||
The reduction in guarantor servicing fees can primarily be attributed to the seasonality of the issuance fee, and to an $8 million reduction in account maintenance fees caused by a cap on payments from the Department of Education to guarantors. This cap is removed by pending legislation that will not go into effect before October 1, 2006, so it will negatively impact guarantor servicing earnings at least through that date.
USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 79 percent, 79 percent and 86 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, and 82 percent and 85 percent, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004. Also, other income includes 22 percent, 29 percent, and 15 percent, respectively, of revenues earned from USA Funds for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004.
39
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantee agencies, and general and administrative expenses associated with these businesses. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses which include centralized headquarters functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing. Our corporate overhead also includes a portion of information technology expenses related to these functions. The decrease in operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter can primarily be attributed to seasonally reduced marketing expenses, a third quarter contribution to the Sallie Mae fund, and lower legal expenses.
Treasury Stock Retirement
In October 2005, the Board of Directors voted to retire 65 million shares of common stock held in treasury, effective in December 2005. Based on an average price of $37.35 per share, this retirement decreased the balance in treasury stock by $2.4 billion, with corresponding decreases of $13 million in common stock and $2.4 billion in retained earnings.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Higher Education Act Reauthorization
In December, the House and Senate each approved a budget reconciliation bill that included identical language reauthorizing the student loan provisions of the Higher Education Act ("HEA"). Because several provisions of the budget bill (unrelated to student loans) were struck from the Senate version of the bill (for technical reasons) before final Senate passage, the House still needs to vote again on final passage of the bill as amended by the Senate. We expect the House to take this step in early February with no change to the bill's student loan provisions, and for the President to sign the bill and enact it into law shortly thereafter.
The overall budget bill cuts approximately $40 billion in spending over five years, with more than $12.7 billion coming from student loan programs. The vast majority of the savings are generated by the combination of lenders rebating floor income and a shift to fixed borrower rates. The major student loan provisions of the bill include the following, with effective dates generally July 1, 2006 unless otherwise indicated:
40
The budget bill does not end the single holder rule affecting loan consolidations, although Congress may do so in the future.
41