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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)  

ý

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2005 or

o

Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to                             to                              .

Commission File Number: 001-13251


SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  52-2013874
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia
(Address of principal executive offices)

 

20190
(Zip Code)

(703) 810-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)


        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class
  Outstanding at October 31, 2005
Common Stock, $.20 par value   417,313,366 shares




GLOSSARY

        Listed below are definitions of key terms that are used throughout this document.

Consolidation Loans—Under both the FFELP and FDLP, borrowers with eligible student loans may consolidate them into one note with one lender and convert the variable interest rates on the loans being consolidated into a fixed rate for the life of the loan. The new note is considered a Consolidation Loan. Typically a borrower can consolidate their student loans only once unless the borrower has another eligible loan to consolidate with the existing Consolidation Loan. FFELP Consolidation Loan borrowers can reconsolidate their FFELP Consolidation Loan into a FDLP Consolidation Loan. The borrower rate on a Consolidation Loan is fixed for the term of the loan and is set by the weighted-average interest rate of the loans being consolidated, rounded up to the nearest 1/8th of a percent, not to exceed 8.25 percent. In low interest rate environments, Consolidation Loans provide an attractive refinancing opportunity to certain borrowers because they allow borrowers to consolidate variable rate loans into a long-term fixed rate loan. Holders of Consolidation Loans are eligible to earn interest under the Special Allowance Payment ("SAP") formula (see definition below).

Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee—All holders of Consolidation Loans are required to pay to the U.S. Department of Education ("ED") an annual 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee on all outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of Consolidation Loans purchased or originated after October 1, 1993, except for loans for which consolidation applications were received between October 1, 1998 and January 31, 1999, where the Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee is 62 basis points.

Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR")—A variable in life of loan estimates that measures the rate at which loans in the portfolio pay before their stated maturity. The CPR is directly correlated to the average life of the portfolio. CPR equals the percentage of loans that prepay annually as a percentage of the beginning of period balance.

Direct Loans—Student loans originated directly by ED under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program ("FDLP").

ED—The U.S. Department of Education.

Embedded Fixed Rate/Variable Rate Floor Income—Embedded Floor Income is Floor Income (see definition below) that is earned on off-balance sheet student loans that are in securitization trusts sponsored by us. At the time of the securitization, the option value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income is included in the initial valuation of the Residual Interest (see definition below) and the gain or loss on sale of the student loans. Embedded Floor Income is also included in the quarterly fair value adjustments of the Residual Interest.

Exceptional Performer ("EP") Designation—The EP designation is determined by ED in recognition of a servicer meeting certain performance standards set by ED in servicing FFELP (see definition below) loans. Upon receiving the EP designation, the EP servicer receives 100 percent reimbursement on default claims on federally guaranteed student loans for all loans serviced for a period of at least 270 days before the date of default and will no longer be subject to the two percent Risk Sharing (see definition below) on these loans. The EP servicer is entitled to receive this benefit as long as it remains in compliance with the required servicing standards, which are assessed on an annual and quarterly basis through compliance audits and other criteria. The annual assessment is in part based upon subjective factors which alone may form the basis for an ED determination to withdraw the designation. If the designation is withdrawn, the two percent Risk Sharing may be applied retroactively to the date of the occurrence that resulted in noncompliance.

FDLP—The William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program.

FFELP—The Federal Family Education Loan Program, formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program.

1



FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans—Education loans to students or parents of students that are guaranteed or reinsured under the FFELP. The loans are primarily Stafford loans and also PLUS and HEAL loans.

Fixed Rate Floor Income—We refer to Floor Income (see definition below) associated with student loans whose borrower rate is fixed to term (primarily Consolidation Loans) as Fixed Rate Floor Income.

Floor Income—Our portfolio of FFELP student loans earns interest at the higher of a floating rate based on the Special Allowance Payment or SAP formula (see definition below) set by ED and the borrower rate, which is fixed over a period of time. We generally finance our student loan portfolio with floating rate debt over all interest rate levels. In low and/or declining interest rate environments, when the fixed borrower rate is higher than the rate produced by the SAP formula, our student loans earn at a fixed rate while the interest on our floating rate debt continues to decline. In these interest rate environments, we earn additional spread income that we refer to as Floor Income. Depending on the type of the student loan and when it was originated, the borrower rate is either fixed to term or is reset to a market rate each July 1. As a result, for loans where the borrower rate is fixed to term, we may earn Floor Income for an extended period of time, and for those loans where the borrower interest rate is reset annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income to the next reset date.

        The following example shows the mechanics of Floor Income for a typical fixed rate Consolidation Loan originated after July 1, 2004 (with a commercial paper-based SAP spread of 2.64 percent):

Fixed Borrower Rate:   5.375 %
SAP Spread over Commercial Paper Rate:   (2.640 )%
   
 
Floor Strike Rate(1)   2.735 %
   
 

(1)
The interest rate at which the underlying index (Treasury bill or commercial paper) plus the fixed SAP spread equals the fixed borrower rate. Floor Income is earned anytime the interest rate of the underlying index declines below this rate.

Based on this example, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is over 2.735 percent, the holder of the student loan will earn at a floating rate based on the SAP formula, which in this example is a fixed spread to commercial paper of 2.64 percent. On the other hand, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is below 2.735 percent, the SAP formula will produce a rate below the fixed borrower rate of 5.375 percent and the loan holder earns at the borrower rate of 5.375 percent. The difference between the fixed borrower rate and the lender's expected yield based on the SAP formula is referred to as Floor Income. Our student loan assets are generally funded with floating rate debt, so when student loans are earning at the fixed borrower rate, decreases in interest rates may increase Floor Income.

2


Graphic Depiction of Floor Income:

GRAPHIC

Floor Income Contracts—We enter into contracts with counterparties under which, in exchange for an upfront fee representing the present value of the Floor Income that we expect to earn on a notional amount of underlying student loans being hedged, we will pay the counterparties the Floor Income earned on that notional amount over the life of the Floor Income Contract. Specifically, we agree to pay the counterparty the difference, if positive, between the fixed borrower rate less the SAP (see definition below) spread and the average of the applicable interest rate index on that notional amount, regardless of the actual balance of underlying student loans, over the life of the contract. The contracts generally do not extend over the life of the underlying student loans. This contract effectively locks in the amount of Floor Income we will earn over the period of the contract. Floor Income Contracts are not considered effective hedges under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and each quarter we must record the change in fair value of these contracts through income.

GSE—The Student Loan Marketing Association was a federally chartered government-sponsored enterprise and wholly owned subsidiary of SLM Corporation that was dissolved under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definition below) on December 29, 2004.

HEA—The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended.

Managed Basis—We generally analyze the performance of our student loan portfolio on a Managed Basis, under which we view both on-balance sheet student loans and off-balance sheet student loans owned by the securitization trusts as a single portfolio, and the related on-balance sheet financings are combined with off-balance sheet debt. When the term Managed is capitalized in this document, it is referring to Managed Basis.

Offset Fee—We were required to pay to ED an annual 30 basis point Offset Fee on the outstanding balance of Stafford and PLUS student loans purchased and held by the GSE after August 10, 1993. The fee did not apply to student loans sold to securitized trusts or to loans held outside of the GSE. This fee no longer applies, as the GSE was dissolved under the terms of the Privatization Act on December 29, 2004.

3



Preferred Channel Originations—Preferred Channel Originations are comprised of: 1) student loans that are originated by lenders with forward purchase commitment agreements with Sallie Mae and are committed for sale to Sallie Mae, such that we either own them from inception or acquire them soon after origination, and 2) loans that are originated by internally marketed Sallie Mae brands.

Preferred Lender List—To streamline the student loan process, most higher education institutions select a small number of lenders to recommend to their students and parents. This recommended list is referred to as the Preferred Lender List.

Private Education Loans (formerly referred to as "Private Credit Student Loans")—Education loans to students or parents of students that are not guaranteed or reinsured under the FFELP or any other federal student loan program. Private Education Loans include loans for traditional higher education, undergraduate and graduate degrees, and for alternative education, such as career training, private kindergarten through secondary education schools and tutorial schools. Traditional higher education loans have repayment terms similar to FFELP loans, whereby repayments begin after the borrower leaves school. Repayment for alternative education or career training loans begins immediately.

Privatization Act—The Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996.

Residual Interest—When we securitize student loans, we retain the right to receive cash flows from the student loans sold to trusts we sponsor in excess of amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student loans. The Residual Interest (which may also include reserve and other cash accounts), is the present value of these future expected cash flows, which includes the present value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income described above. We value the Residual Interest at the time of sale of the student loans to the trust and at the end of each subsequent quarter.

Retained Interest—The Retained Interest includes the Residual Interest (defined above) and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities).

Risk Sharing—When a FFELP loan defaults, the federal government guarantees 98 percent of the principal balance plus accrued interest and the holder of the loan generally must absorb the two percent not guaranteed as a Risk Sharing loss on the loan. FFELP student loans acquired after October 1, 1993 are subject to Risk Sharing on loan default claim payments unless the default results from the borrower's death, disability or bankruptcy. FFELP loans serviced by a servicer that has EP designation from ED are not subject to Risk Sharing.

Special Allowance Payment ("SAP")—FFELP student loans generally earn interest at the greater of the borrower rate or a floating rate determined by reference to the average of the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill rate or commercial paper) in a calendar quarter, plus a fixed spread that is dependent upon when the loan was originated and the loan's repayment status. If the resulting floating rate exceeds the borrower rate, ED pays the difference directly to us. This payment is referred to as the Special Allowance Payment or SAP and the formula used to determine the floating rate is the SAP formula. We refer to the fixed spread to the underlying index as the SAP spread.

Title IV Programs and Title IV Loans—Student loan programs created under Title IV of the HEA, including the FFELP and the FDLP, and student loans originated under those programs, respectively.

Wind-Down—The dissolution of the GSE under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definition above).

Variable Rate Floor Income—For FFELP Stafford student loans whose borrower interest rate resets annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income or Embedded Floor Income (see definitions above) based on a calculation of the difference between the borrower rate and the then current interest rate. We refer to this as Variable Rate Floor Income because Floor Income is earned only through the next reset date.

4



SLM CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
September 30, 2005

Part I. Financial Information    
Item 1.   Financial Statements   6
Item 2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   37
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   89
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures   91
Part II. Other Information    
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings   92
Item 2.   Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities   92
Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities   93
Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   93
Item 5.   Other Information   93
Item 6.   Exhibits   93

Signatures

 

94

5



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements


SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
  (Unaudited)

   
Assets            
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 22,353,605   $ 18,965,634
Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $5,627 and $7,778, respectively)     51,193,725     41,595,805
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $193,332 and $171,886, respectively)     8,078,650     5,419,611
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $13,563 and $11,148, respectively)     1,094,464     1,047,745
Investments            
  Available-for-sale     1,971,297     3,274,123
  Other     242,417     304,700
   
 
Total investments     2,213,714     3,578,823
Cash and cash equivalents     1,559,300     3,395,487
Restricted cash and investments     2,706,925     2,211,643
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,330,390     2,316,388
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     1,063,916     1,066,142
Other assets     3,725,670     4,496,248
   
 
Total assets   $ 96,320,359   $ 84,093,526
   
 
Liabilities            
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,652,334   $ 2,207,095
Long-term borrowings     84,499,739     75,914,573
Other liabilities     3,330,763     2,797,921
   
 
Total liabilities     92,482,836     80,919,589
   
 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

Minority interest in subsidiaries

 

 

13,725

 

 

71,633

Stockholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300 and 3,300 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000 and 0 shares issued, respectively at stated value of $100 per share     565,000     165,000
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 488,525 and 483,266 shares issued, respectively     97,705     96,654
Additional paid-in capital     2,107,961     1,905,460
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax of $219,567 and $237,285, respectively)     407,768     440,672
Retained earnings     3,195,034     2,521,740
   
 
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     6,373,468     5,129,526
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 69,927 and 59,634 shares, respectively     2,549,670     2,027,222
   
 
Total stockholders' equity     3,823,798     3,102,304
   
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 96,320,359   $ 84,093,526
   
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

 
Interest income:                          
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 270,444   $ 188,624   $ 699,687   $ 550,122  
  Consolidation Loans     676,820     332,982     1,739,670     932,617  
  Private Education Loans     173,467     83,303     429,892     236,505  
  Other loans     21,614     18,212     61,813     54,714  
  Cash and investments     70,541     61,774     186,835     157,765  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,212,886     684,895     3,117,897     1,931,723  

Interest expense:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Short-term debt     47,409     35,085     125,627     179,142  
  Long-term debt     780,713     336,867     1,930,958     785,316  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest expense     828,122     371,952     2,056,585     964,458  
   
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     384,764     312,943     1,061,312     967,265  
Less: provisions for losses     12,217     10,930     137,688     79,092  
   
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     372,547     302,013     923,624     888,173  
   
 
 
 
 

Other income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Gains on student loan securitizations         63,590     311,895     375,384  
  Servicing and securitization revenue     (16,194 )   158,639     276,698     419,334  
  Losses on investments, net     (43,030 )   (32,887 )   (56,976 )   (37,244 )
  Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     316,469     73,000     176,278     342,404  
  Guarantor servicing fees     35,696     33,192     93,922     91,412  
  Debt management fees     92,727     73,631     261,068     223,672  
  Collections revenue     41,772     5,164     118,536     5,164  
  Other     74,174     91,134     206,187     222,561  
   
 
 
 
 
Total other income     501,614     465,463     1,387,608     1,642,687  

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Salaries and benefits     162,897     113,386     461,165     353,138  
  Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance         102,990         102,990  
  Other     129,064     97,386     380,500     272,562  
   
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     291,961     313,762     841,665     728,690  
   
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     582,200     453,714     1,469,567     1,802,170  
Income taxes     149,821     97,136     512,860     539,201  
   
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     432,379     356,578     956,707     1,262,969  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1,029         5,458      
   
 
 
 
 

Net income

 

 

431,350

 

 

356,578

 

 

951,249

 

 

1,262,969

 
Preferred stock dividends     7,288     2,875     14,071     8,625  
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 424,062   $ 353,703   $ 937,178   $ 1,254,344  
   
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ 1.02   $ .81   $ 2.24   $ 2.85  
   
 
 
 
 
Average common shares outstanding     417,235     435,764     419,205     439,430  
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .95   $ .76   $ 2.10   $ 2.65  
   
 
 
 
 
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding     458,798     474,455     461,222     478,323  
   
 
 
 
 
Dividends per common share   $ .22   $ .19   $ .63   $ .55  
   
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 
   
  Common Stock Shares
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

   
   
   
 
 
  Preferred
Stock
Shares

  Preferred
Stock

  Common
Stock

  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Retained
Earnings

  Treasury
Stock

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Issued
  Treasury
  Outstanding
 
Balance at June 30, 2004   3,300,000   478,722,527   (39,760,083 ) 438,962,444   $ 165,000   $ 95,745   $ 1,747,284   $ 355,955   $ 1,683,563   $ (1,126,881 ) $ 2,920,666  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             356,578           356,578  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       97,774                 97,774  
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       33,215                 33,215  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         487,567  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.19 per share)                                             (83,547 )         (83,547 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)                                             (2,875 )         (2,875 )
Issuance of common shares       1,746,074   4,950   1,751,024           349     51,908                 205     52,462  
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 5,937                       5,937  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (4,740,000 ) (4,740,000 )                                 (193,195 )   (193,195 )
    Exercise cost, net settlement           (6,661,561 ) (6,661,561 )                                 (289,512 )   (289,512 )
    Gain on settlement                                               6,225     6,225  
  Benefit plans           (98,360 ) (98,360 )                                 (3,751 )   (3,751 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at September 30, 2004   3,300,000   480,468,601   (51,255,054 ) 429,213,547   $ 165,000   $ 96,094   $ 1,805,129   $ 486,944   $ 1,953,719   $ (1,606,909 ) $ 2,899,977  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2005   7,300,000   486,706,143   (66,531,905 ) 420,174,238   $ 565,000   $ 97,341   $ 2,035,676   $ 473,121   $ 2,862,730   $ (2,382,130 ) $ 3,651,738  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             431,350           431,350  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       (68,680 )               (68,680 )
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       3,327                 3,327  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         365,997  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.22 per share)                                             (91,758 )         (91,758 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)                                             (2,886 )         (2,886 )
  Preferred stock, series B ($1.12 per share)                                             (4,244 )         (4,244 )
Issuance of common shares       1,818,734   8,409   1,827,143           364     58,205                 487     59,056  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization                                 68           (158 )         (90 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 14,012                       14,012  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (2,936,023 ) (2,936,023 )                                 (148,181 )   (148,181 )
    Gain on settlement                                               2,554     2,554  
  Benefit plans           (467,626 ) (467,626 )                                 (22,400 )   (22,400 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at September 30, 2005   7,300,000   488,524,877   (69,927,145 ) 418,597,732   $ 565,000   $ 97,705   $ 2,107,961   $ 407,768   $ 3,195,034   $ (2,549,670 ) $ 3,823,798  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8


 
   
  Common Stock Shares
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

   
   
   
 
 
  Preferred
Stock
Shares

  Preferred
Stock

  Common
Stock

  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Retained
Earnings

  Treasury
Stock

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Issued
  Treasury
  Outstanding
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   3,300,000   472,642,996   (24,964,753 ) 447,678,243   $ 165,000   $ 94,529   $ 1,553,240   $ 425,621   $ 941,284   $ (549,628 ) $ 2,630,046  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             1,262,969           1,262,969  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       25,781                 25,781  
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       35,900                 35,900  
    Minority pension liability adjustment                                       (358 )               (358 )
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         1,324,292  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.55 per share)                                             (241,909 )         (241,909 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($2.61 per share)                                             (8,625 )         (8,625 )
Issuance of common shares       7,825,605   58,078   7,883,683           1,565     215,399                 2,252     219,216  
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 36,490                       36,490  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Open market repurchases           (563,500 ) (563,500 )                                 (21,554 )   (21,554 )
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (18,150,460 ) (18,150,460 )                                 (643,317 )   (643,317 )
    Exercise cost, net settlement           (6,661,561 ) (6,661,561 )                                 (289,512 )   (289,512 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (66,425 )   (66,425 )
  Benefit plans           (972,858 ) (972,858 )                                 (38,725 )   (38,725 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at September 30, 2004   3,300,000   480,468,601   (51,255,054 ) 429,213,547   $ 165,000   $ 96,094   $ 1,805,129   $ 486,944   $ 1,953,719   $ (1,606,909 ) $ 2,899,977  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2004   3,300,000   483,266,408   (59,634,019 ) 423,632,389   $ 165,000   $ 96,654   $ 1,905,460   $ 440,672   $ 2,521,740   $ (2,027,222 ) $ 3,102,304  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             951,249           951,249  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       (37,936 )               (37,936 )
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       5,032                 5,032  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         918,345  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.63 per share)                                             (263,884 )         (263,884 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($2.61 per share)                                             (8,636 )         (8,636 )
  Preferred stock, series B ($1.12 per share)                                             (5,239 )         (5,239 )
Issuance of common shares       5,258,469   73,406   5,331,875           1,051     169,065                 3,762     173,878  
Issuance of preferred shares   4,000,000                 400,000                                   400,000  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization                                 (2,894 )         (196 )         (3,090 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 36,330                       36,330  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (9,405,676 ) (9,405,676 )                                 (468,267 )   (468,267 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (11,276 )   (11,276 )
  Benefit plans           (960,856 ) (960,856 )                                 (46,667 )   (46,667 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at September 30, 2005   7,300,000   488,524,877   (69,927,145 ) 418,597,732   $ 565,000   $ 97,705   $ 2,107,961   $ 407,768   $ 3,195,034   $ (2,549,670 ) $ 3,823,798  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

9



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)

 
  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

 
Operating activities              
Net income   $ 951,249   $ 1,262,969  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:              
  Gains on student loan securitizations     (311,895 )   (375,384 )
  Losses on investments, net     56,976     37,244  
  Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance         102,990  
  Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities, excluding equity forwards     (420,878 )   (558,387 )
  Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities — equity forwards     (64,519 )   (335,271 )
  Provisions for losses     137,688     79,092  
  Minority interest, net     (6,714 )    
  Mortgage loans originated     (1,335,468 )   (1,072,098 )
  Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans     1,239,425     904,412  
  Increase in restricted cash     (279,814 )   (669,030 )
  Increase in accrued interest receivable     (469,714 )   (347,405 )
  Increase in accrued interest payable     82,764     69,093  
  Decrease in Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans, net     194,231     67,905  
  Decrease in other assets, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     153,860     216,268  
  Increase (decrease) in other liabilities     594,256     (252,873 )
   
 
 
Total adjustments     (429,802 )   (2,133,444 )
   
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     521,447     (870,475 )
   
 
 
Investing activities              
  Student loans acquired     (23,108,450 )   (17,605,626 )
  Loans purchased from securitized trusts (primarily through loan consolidations)     (7,459,199 )   (3,968,953 )
  Reduction of student loans:              
    Installment payments     4,909,516     3,844,999  
    Claims and resales     768,328     571,774  
    Proceeds from securitization of student loans treated as sales     9,045,932     12,475,726  
    Proceeds from sales of student loans     166,471     470,711  
  Other loans made     (346,473 )   (391,058 )
  Other loans repaid     393,838     534,946  
  Purchases of available-for-sale securities     (50,629,556 )   (192,762,310 )
  Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities     983,469      
  Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities     50,764,290     193,993,403  
  Purchases of held-to-maturity and other securities     (713,852 )   (216,814 )
  Proceeds from sales and maturities of held-to-maturity securities and other securities     685,132     233,683  
  Return of investment from Retained Interest     161,183     372,833  
  Purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired     (178,844 )   (148,436 )
   
 
 
  Net cash used in investing activities     (14,558,215 )   (2,595,122 )
   
 
 
Financing activities              
  Short-term borrowings issued     56,745,936     290,798,033  
  Short-term borrowings repaid     (56,834,645 )   (296,886,713 )
  Long-term borrowings issued     8,286,865     12,051,790  
  Long-term borrowings repaid     (4,957,066 )   (13,746,106 )
  Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust issued     9,808,399     17,648,875  
  Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — activity     (627,003 )   (1,382,643 )
  GSE debt extinguishment         (1,852,665 )
  Common stock issued     173,878     219,216  
  Common stock repurchased     (514,934 )   (703,596 )
  Common stock dividends paid     (263,884 )   (241,909 )
  Preferred stock issued     396,910      
  Preferred stock dividends accrued and paid     (13,875 )   (8,625 )
   
 
 
  Net cash provided by financing activities     12,200,581     5,895,657  
   
 
 
  Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents     (1,836,187 )   2,430,060  
  Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     3,395,487     1,847,585  
   
 
 
  Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 1,559,300   $ 4,277,645  
   
 
 
Cash disbursements made for:              
  Interest   $ 1,701,632   $ 787,628  
   
 
 
  Income taxes   $ 234,962   $ 546,843  
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

10



SLM CORPORTION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information at September 30, 2005 and for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2005 and 2004 is unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements of SLM Corporation (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2005. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Reclassifications

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2005.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

        In May 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 154, "Accounting Changes and Error Corrections," which is a replacement of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes," and SFAS No. 3, "Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements." This statement changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This statement applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle and applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. This statement requires retrospective application to prior periods' financial statements of changes in accounting principle, unless it is impracticable to determine either the period-specific effects or the cumulative effect of the change. When it is impracticable to determine the period-specific effects of an accounting change on one or more individual prior periods presented, this statement requires that the new accounting principle be applied to the balances of assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the earliest period for which retrospective application is practicable and that a corresponding adjustment be made to the opening balance of retained earnings for that period rather than being reported in an income statement. This statement is effective for accounting changes made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 154 on January 1, 2006. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS No. 154 will not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

11


        On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), "Share-Based Payment," which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Generally, the approach in SFAS No. 123(R) is similar to the approach described in SFAS No. 123. However, SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative. The new standard will be effective for public entities (excluding small business issuers) for the fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS No. 123(R) allows for two transition alternatives for public companies: (a) modified-prospective transition or (b) modified-retrospective transition. Management is still evaluating both methods, but has tentatively decided to apply the modified-retrospective transition alternative for all periods presented and will recognize compensation cost in the amounts previously reported in the pro forma footnote disclosure under the provisions of SFAS No. 123. Had the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) for the first nine months of 2005, its diluted earnings per share would have been $.06 lower, and going forward, the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) should have a similar effect on diluted earnings per share. The Company plans to adopt SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006.

        In December 2004, the Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 04-8, "The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings per Share," which addresses the timing of the inclusion of the dilutive effect of contingently convertible debt instruments ("Co-Cos") in diluted earnings per share ("diluted EPS"). Co-Cos are generally convertible into the common shares of the issuer after the common stock share price exceeds a predetermined threshold for a specified time period, generally referred to as the market price trigger. EITF No. 04-8 requires the shares underlying the Co-Cos be included in diluted EPS computations regardless of whether the market price trigger or the conversion price has been met, using the "if-converted" accounting method. EITF No. 04-8 was effective for reporting periods ending after December 15, 2004 with retroactive restatement to all required reporting periods. As a result, the diluted EPS amounts have been retroactively restated for all prior periods presented to give effect to the application of EITF No. 04-8 as it relates to the Company's $2 billion Co-Cos issued in May 2003. The effect of the adoption of EITF No. 04-8 was to decrease diluted EPS, by $.04 and $.04 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and by $.08 and $.15 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. See Note 5, "Common Stock," for a more detailed calculation of the negative impact of the Co-Cos on diluted EPS.

Stock-Based Compensation

        The Company has elected to continue to follow the intrinsic value method of accounting as prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," to account for employee stock options (see "Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—Share Based Payment" above). Under APB No. 25, the Company does not recognize compensation expense on fixed award plans unless the exercise price of its employee stock options is less than the market price of the

12



underlying stock on the date of grant. The Company grants all of its options at the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Consequently, the Company has not recorded such expense in the periods presented.

        The fair values for the options granted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 were estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following weighted average assumptions:

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Risk free interest rate   3.98%   2.97%   3.63%   2.58%
Expected volatility   22.13%   17.92%   21.66%   16.18%
Expected dividend rate   1.72%   1.71%   1.52%   1.68%
Expected life of the option   3 years   3 years   3 years   3 years

        The following table summarizes pro forma disclosures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, as if the Company had accounted for employee and Board of Directors stock options granted subsequent to December 31, 1994 under the fair market value method as set forth in SFAS No. 123. The option value is amortized over an assumed vesting period of between one and three years depending on option type or to the actual date of vesting, whichever comes first.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 424,062   $ 353,703   $ 937,178   $ 1,254,344  
Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects     (9,081 )   (9,381 )   (29,670 )   (32,460 )
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma net income attributable to common stock   $ 414,981   $ 344,322   $ 907,508   $ 1,221,884  
   
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ 1.02   $ .81   $ 2.24   $ 2.85  
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma basic earnings per common share   $ .99   $ .79   $ 2.16   $ 2.78  
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .95   $ .76   $ 2.10   $ 2.65  
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma diluted earnings per common share   $ .93   $ .74   $ 2.04   $ 2.59  
   
 
 
 
 

2.  Allowance for Student Loan Losses

        The provisions for student loan losses represent the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the student loan portfolios. The evaluation of the provisions for student loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may

13



be susceptible to significant changes. The Company believes that the allowance for student loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses in the student loan portfolios.

Third Quarter of 2005 Change in Recovery Methodology

        The Company continues to gain experience in analyzing its Private Education Loan portfolios and as a result, it has developed additional data to better estimate the amount of recoveries on defaulted loans. During the third quarter of 2005, the Company changed its methodology for estimating the amount of charged-off student loans that will ultimately be recovered, which resulted in a $49 million reduction in the Company's allowance in the third quarter of 2005 to recognize the effect of this change.

Second Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate

        In the second quarter of 2005, the Company changed its estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest for its loan portfolio using a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge-off.

        This is a widely used reserving methodology in the consumer finance industry. Previously, the Company calculated the allowance for Private Education Loan losses by estimating the probable losses in the portfolio based primarily on loan characteristics and where pools of loans were in their life with less emphasis on current delinquency status of the loan. Also, in the Company's prior methodology for calculating the allowance, some loss rates were based on proxies and extrapolations of FFELP loan loss data.

        The Company also used a migration analysis to revise its estimates surrounding its non-accrual policy for interest income. Under the new methodology, the Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and writes it off against current period interest income. Under its prior methodology, Private Education Loans continued to accrue interest, including in periods of forbearance, until they were charged off, at which time, the loans were placed on non-accrual status and all accrued interest was reversed against income in the month of charge-off.

        This change in reserving methodology has been accounted for as a change in estimate in accordance with the FASB's APB Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes." The cumulative effect of this change to the second quarter of 2005 was to increase the value of the allowance by $40 million and to reduce student loan interest income for the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest receivable by $14 million. On the income statement, adjustments to the allowance are recorded through the provision for losses whereas adjustments to accrued interest are recorded in interest income.

14



        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for both the Private Education Loan and federally insured student loan portfolios for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Balance at beginning of period   $ 233,518   $ 197,159   $ 179,664   $ 211,709  
Additions:                          
  Provisions for student loan losses     8,908     39,921     127,425     103,995  
  Recoveries     5,157     3,729     14,670     9,891  
Deductions:                          
  Reductions for student loan sales and securitizations         (4,056 )   (5,886 )   (35,887 )
  Charge-offs     (48,624 )   (33,661 )   (116,914 )   (86,265 )
  Reduction in federal Risk Sharing allowance/provision for EP designation         (31,595 )       (31,595 )
Other         541         190  
   
 
 
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ 198,959   $ 172,038   $ 198,959   $ 172,038  
   
 
 
 
 

        In addition to the provisions for student loan losses, provisions for losses on other Company loans totaled $3 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and $10 million and $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

15



        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for Private Education Loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 228   $ 155   $ 172   $ 166  
  Provision for Private Education Loan losses     56     40     135     100  
  Change in estimate             40      
  Change in recovery methodology     (49 )       (49 )    
   
 
 
 
 
  Total provision     7     40     126     100  
 
Charge-offs

 

 

(47

)

 

(32

)

 

(113

)

 

(81

)
  Recoveries     5     4     14     10  
   
 
 
 
 
  Net charge-offs     (42 )   (28 )   (99 )   (71 )
   
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     193     167     199     195  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans             (6 )   (28 )
   
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 193   $ 167   $ 193   $ 167  
   
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average total loans (annualized)     5.35 %   4.71 %   4.37 %   3.86 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     2.34 %   3.38 %   2.34 %   3.38 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     6.00 %   6.93 %   6.00 %   6.93 %
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.15     1.51     1.46     1.74  
Average total loans   $ 7,193   $ 4,401   $ 6,615   $ 4,640  
Ending total loans   $ 8,272   $ 4,939   $ 8,272   $ 4,939  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,150   $ 2,352   $ 3,031   $ 2,480  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,220   $ 2,408   $ 3,220   $ 2,408  

16


Delinquencies

        The table below presents the Company's Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of September 30, 2005 and 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.

 
  September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 5,042       $ 2,522      
Loans in forbearance(2)     311         179      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     2,873   89.2 %   2,122   88.1 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     145   4.5     97   4.0  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     75   2.3     65   2.7  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     127   4.0     124   5.2  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,220   100.0 %   2,408   100.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     8,573         5,109      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (301 )       (170 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     8,272         4,939      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (193 )       (167 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 8,079       $ 4,772      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     37.6 %       47.1 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     10.8 %       11.9 %    
   
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

17


3.  Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

        Intangible assets include the following:

 
   
  As of September 30, 2005
(Dollars in millions)

   
  Average
Amortization
Period

  Gross
  Accumulated
Amortization

  Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:                      
  Customer, services, and lending relationships   12 years   $ 234   $ (68 ) $ 166
  Tax exempt bond funding(1)   10 years     67     (21 )   46
  Software and technology   7 years     80     (47 )   33
  Non-compete agreements   2 years     9     (8 )   1
       
 
 
  Total         390     (144 )   246
       
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:                      
  Trade name and trademark   Indefinite     72         72
       
 
 
Total acquired intangible assets       $ 462   $ (144 ) $ 318
       
 
 
 
   
 
As of December 31, 2004

(Dollars in millions)

   
  Average
Amortization
Period

  Gross
  Accumulated
Amortization

  Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:                      
  Customer, services, and lending relationships   12 years   $ 239   $ (48 ) $ 191
  Tax exempt bond funding(1)   10 years     64     (6 )   58
  Software and technology   7 years     80     (39 )   41
  Non-compete agreements   2 years     9     (7 )   2
       
 
 
  Total         392     (100 )   292
       
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:                      
  Trade name and trademark   Indefinite     71         71
       
 
 
Total acquired intangible assets       $ 463   $ (100 ) $ 363
       
 
 

(1)
In connection with the Company's 2004 acquisition of Southwest Student Services Corporation, the Company acquired certain tax exempt bonds that enable the Company to earn a 9.5 percent Special Allowance Payment ("SAP") rate on student loans funded by those bonds in indentured trusts. If a student loan is removed from the trust such that it is no longer funded by the bonds, it ceases earning the 9.5 percent SAP. A different student loan can be substituted in the trust and begin earning the 9.5 percent SAP. This feature remains as long as the bonds are outstanding.

        The Company recorded amortization of $16 million and $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and $44 million and $22 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

18



        A summary of changes in the Company's goodwill by reportable segment (see Note 9, "Segment Reporting") is as follows:

 
  December 31,
2004

  Acquisitions/
Adjustments

  September 30,
2005

(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
Lending   $ 440   $ (35 ) $ 405
Debt Management Operations     206     78     284
Corporate and Other     57         57
   
 
 
Total   $ 703   $ 43   $ 746
   
 
 

        In the third quarter of 2005, the Company closed on the second step in a two step purchase of the secondary market and related businesses of Education Assistance Foundation ("EAF") and its affiliate, Student Loan Finance Association ("SLFA") and its subsidiaries, which were initially acquired on December 13, 2004. The initial purchase price for the second closing transaction was approximately $61 million, which resulted in an excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, or goodwill, of approximately $6 million.

        On August 31, 2005, the Company acquired 100 percent of GRP Financial Services ("GRP"), a debt management company that acquires and manages portfolios of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate, for an initial purchase price of approximately $137 million including cash consideration and certain acquisition costs.

        Acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting as defined in SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations." The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair value of the acquired tangible assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible assets as of the acquisition date as determined by an independent appraiser. Goodwill associated with the Company's acquisitions is reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," addressed further in Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," within the Company's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

4.  Student Loan Securitization

Securitization Activity

        The Company securitizes its student loan assets and for transactions qualifying as sales retains a Residual Interest and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities), all of which are referred to as the Company's Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans. The Residual Interest is the right to receive cash flows from the student loans and reserve accounts in excess of the amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student loans. The investors of the securitization trusts have no recourse to the Company's other assets should there be a failure of the student loans to pay when due.

19



        The following table summarizes the Company's securitization activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on-balance sheet.

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans     $   $   % 2   $ 4,500   $ 64   1.4 %
Consolidation Loans                          
Private Education Loans                          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales         $   % 2     4,500   $ 64   1.4 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                                  
Consolidation Loans(1)   3     7,276             1     2,210            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   3     7,276             1     2,210            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   3   $ 7,276             3   $ 6,710            
   
 
           
 
           
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   2   $ 3,530   $ 50   1.4 % 4   $ 10,002   $ 134   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   2     2,535     241   9.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   5     9,046   $ 312   3.4 % 6     12,537   $ 375   3.0 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans(1)   4     9,502             5     13,224            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   4     9,502             6     17,410            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   9   $ 18,548             12   $ 29,947            
   
 
           
 
           

(1)
In certain Consolidation Loan securitization structures, the Company holds certain rights that can affect the remarketing of certain bonds such that these securitizations did not qualify as qualifying special purpose entities ("QSPEs"). Accordingly, they are accounted for on-balance sheet as variable interest entities ("VIEs").

        The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transaction is primarily impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized, improved funding spreads, and a decrease in the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") assumption used in the calculation of the gain on sale.

20


        The table below presents the key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of Residual Interests at the date of securitization resulting from the student loan securitization sale transactions completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
  2005
  2004
 
  FFELP
Stafford(1)

  Consolidation(1)
  Private
Education(1)

  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation(1)
  Private
Education(1)

Prepayment speed         **    
Weighted-average life         4.1  yrs.  
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)         .06 %  
Residual cash flows discounted at (weighted average)         12 %  
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation
  Private
Education

  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation(1)
  Private
Education

 
Prepayment speed   *   6 % 3 % **     6 %
Weighted-average life   4.0  yrs. 7.9  yrs. 9.0  yrs. 4.2  yrs.   7.2  yrs.
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)     % 4.38 % .12 %   4.72 %
Residual cash flows discounted at (weighted average)   12 % 10.1 % 12.4 % 12 %   12 %

(1)
No securitizations in the period, or such securitizations did not qualify for sale treatment.

*
20 percent for 2005, 15 percent for 2006 and 6 percent thereafter.

**
As a result of updated assumptions, securitizations through August 2004 used a CPR of 20 percent for 2004, 15 percent for 2005 and 6 percent thereafter. Securitizations in September 2004 used a CPR of 20 percent for 2004 through 2005, 15 percent for 2006 and 6 percent thereafter.

21


Retained Interest

        The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's Retained Interests along with the underlying off-balance sheet student loans that relate to those securitizations in transactions that were treated as sales.

 
  As of September 30, 2005
  As of December 31, 2004
 
  Retained
Interest
Fair Value

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan Balance

  Retained Interest
Fair Value

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan Balance

(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 782   $ 20,435   $ 1,037   $ 27,444
Consolidation Loans(1)     597     10,677     585     7,393
Private Education Loans     951     7,529     694     6,309
   
 
 
 
  Total(2)   $ 2,330   $ 38,641   $ 2,316   $ 41,146
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes $265 million and $399 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. The decrease in the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income is due to rising interest rates during the period.

(2)
Unrealized gains (pre-tax) included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Retained Interests totaled $429 million and $445 million as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.

        The Company recorded $195 million and $61 million of impairment related to the Retained Interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These impairment charges were primarily the result of continued record levels of consolidation activity as well as the Company increasing its expected future CPR assumptions used to value the Residual Interest. FFELP Stafford loans prepaid faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications received in the second quarter of 2005 that were processed through the Company's securitizations in the third quarter of 2005. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity in 2005 was due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response the Company continues to revise its estimate of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on the Company's Retained Interests. The Company updated its FFELP Stafford CPR assumptions in the third quarter of 2005 as follows:

Year

  As of
September 30,
2005

  As of
December 31,
2004

2005   30%   20%
2006   20%   15%
2007   15%   6%
Thereafter   10%   6%

22


        In 2004, the Company's Retained Interests were also impaired by the effect of higher market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity remains highly volatile which may result in an additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected.

        In addition to student loans in off-balance sheet trusts, the Company had $38.9 billion and $31.5 billion of securitized student loans outstanding (face amount) as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, in on-balance sheet securitization trusts.

5.  Common Stock

        The following table summarizes the Company's common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
   
Common shares repurchased:                        
  Open market                 .5
  Equity forwards     2.9     11.4     9.4     24.8
  Benefit plans(1)     .5     .1     1.0     1.0
   
 
 
 
  Total shares repurchased     3.4     11.5     10.4     26.3
   
 
 
 
  Average purchase price per share   $ 50.12   $ 38.91   $ 49.67   $ 36.21
   
 
 
 
Common shares issued     1.8     1.8     5.3     7.9
   
 
 
 
Equity forward contracts:                        
  Outstanding at beginning of period     51.7     47.2     42.8     43.5
  New contracts     1.4     12.3     16.8     29.4
  Exercises     (2.9)     (11.4)     (9.4)     (24.8)
   
 
 
 
  Outstanding at end of period     50.2     48.1     50.2     48.1
   
 
 
 
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards(2)     19.0     8.4     19.0     8.4
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

(2)
In October 2004, the Board authorized an additional 30 million shares for repurchase.

23


        As of September 30, 2005, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:

Year of maturity

  Outstanding
contracts

  Range of
purchase prices

  Average
purchase price

 
  (Shares in millions)

   
   
2007   9.5   $50.47   $ 50.47
2008   7.9   50.47     50.47
2009   16.0   50.47     50.47
2010   16.8   47.09 – 51.22     48.76
   
     
    50.2       $ 49.90
   
     

        The closing price of the Company's common stock on September 30, 2005 was $53.64.

Earnings per Share

        Basic earnings per common share ("basic EPS") is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share ("diluted EPS") reflect the potential dilutive effect of (i) additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), determined by the treasury stock method, (ii) the assumed conversion of convertible debentures, determined by the "if-converted" method, and (iii) equity forwards, determined by the reverse treasury stock method. Equity forwards are dilutive to EPS when the Company's average stock price is lower than the equity forward's strike price.

        At September 30, 2005, the Company had $2 billion contingently convertible debentures ("Co-Cos") outstanding that are convertible, under certain conditions, into shares of SLM common stock at an initial conversion price of $65.98. The investors generally can only convert the debentures if the Company's common stock has appreciated for a prescribed period to 130 percent of the conversion price, which would amount to $85.77, or the Company calls the debentures. Per EITF No. 04-8, diluted EPS for all periods presented includes the potential dilutive effect of the Company's outstanding Co-Cos for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. (See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.")

24



        A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations is as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004:

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Numerator:                          
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 424,062   $ 353,703   $ 937,178   $ 1,254,344  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes     11,971     5,622     30,887     14,280  
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted   $ 436,033   $ 359,325   $ 968,065   $ 1,268,624  
   
 
 
 
 
Denominator:                          
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic EPS     417,235     435,764     419,205     439,430  
Effect of dilutive securities:                          
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     11,251     8,379     11,705     8,581  
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312  
   
 
 
 
 
Dilutive potential common shares     41,563     38,691     42,017     38,893  
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted EPS     458,798     474,455     461,222     478,323  
   
 
 
 
 
Net earnings per share:                          
Basic EPS   $ 1.02   $ .81   $ 2.24   $ 2.85  
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     (.03 )   (.01 )   (.06 )   (.05 )
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     (.04 )   (.04 )   (.08 )   (.15 )
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ .95   $ .76   $ 2.10   $ 2.65  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
For the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 50 million shares and 4 million shares, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 19 million shares and 4 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

6.  Derivative Financial Instruments

Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact

        The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts or number of contracts of all derivative instruments at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. At September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, $572 million and $524 million (fair value),

25



respectively, of available-for-sale investment securities and $135 million and $222 million, respectively, of cash were pledged as collateral against these derivative instruments.

 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
Fair Values
(Dollars in millions)

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Interest rate swaps   $   $ 25   $ (263 ) $ (176 ) $ (40 ) $ (84 ) $ (303 ) $ (235 )
Floor/Cap contracts                     (472 )   (625 )   (472 )   (625 )
Futures                     (1 )   (2 )   (1 )   (2 )
Equity forwards                     232     139     232     139  
Cross currency interest rate swaps             313     1,839             313     1,839  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $   $ 25   $ 50   $ 1,663   $ (281 ) $ (572 ) $ (231 ) $ 1,116  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Notional Values
(Dollars in billions)

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Interest rate swaps   $ 2.2   $ 5.8   $ 14.5   $ 13.4   $ 128.9   $ 85.9   $ 145.6   $ 105.1  
Floor/Cap contracts                     43.2     41.7     43.2     41.7  
Futures     .2     1.0             .6     6.5     .8     7.5  
Cross currency interest rate swaps             16.2     13.7             16.2     13.7  
Other(1)                     2.0     2.0     2.0     2.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 2.4   $ 6.8   $ 30.7   $ 27.1   $ 174.7   $ 136.1   $ 207.8   $ 170.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Contracts
(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Equity forwards                     50.2     42.8     50.2     42.8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
"Other" consists of an embedded derivative bifurcated from the convertible debenture issuance that relates primarily to certain contingent interest and conversion features of the debt. The embedded derivative has had a de minimis fair value since inception.

26


 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax                                                  
Hedge ineffectiveness reclassified to earnings   $   $ 5   $   $   $   $   $   $ 5  
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges     (2 )   17                     (2 )   17  
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)     5     11                     5     11  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net   $ 3   $ 33   $   $   $   $   $ 3   $ 33  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Summary                                                  
Amortization of closed futures contracts' gains/losses in interest expense(2)   $ (9 ) $ (15 ) $   $   $   $   $ (9 ) $ (15 )
Recognition of futures losses related to tendered debt         (8 )                       (8 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities—Realized(3)                     (93 )   (154 )   (93 )   (154 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities—Unrealized             8 (4)   (1 )(4)   401     228     409     227  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total earnings impact   $ (9 ) $ (23 ) $ 8   $ (1 ) $ 308   $ 74   $ 307   $ 50  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax                                                  
Hedge ineffectiveness reclassified to earnings   $   $ 8   $   $   $   $   $   $ 8  
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges     (15 )   10                     (15 )   10  
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)     20     18                     20     18  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net   $ 5   $ 36   $   $   $   $   $ 5   $ 36  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Summary                                                  
Amortization of closed futures contracts' gains/losses in interest expense(2)   $ (32 ) $ (26 ) $   $   $   $   $ (32 ) $ (26 )
Recognition of futures losses related to tendered debt         (8 )                       (8 )
Losses on derivative and hedging activities—Realized(3)         (4 )           (309 )   (547 )   (309 )   (551 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities—Unrealized             (4 )(4)   (4 )(4)   489     897     485     893  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total earnings impact   $ (32 ) $ (38 ) $ (4 ) $ (4 ) $ 180   $ 350   $ 144   $ 308  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
The Company expects to amortize $16 million of after-tax net losses from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings during the next 12 months related to closed futures contracts that were hedging the forecasted issuance of debt instruments that are outstanding as of September 30, 2005.

(2)
For futures contracts that qualify as SFAS No. 133 hedges where the hedged transaction occurs.

(3)
Includes net settlement income/expense related to trading derivatives and realized gains and losses related to derivative dispositions.

(4)
The change in the fair value of cash flow and fair value hedges represents amounts related to ineffectiveness.

27


7.  Pension Plans

        Effective July 1, 2004, the Company's qualified and supplemental pension plans (the "Pension Plans") were frozen with respect to new entrants and participants with less than five years of service. Accordingly, at July 1, 2004, the Company recorded a net curtailment gain of $4.5 million. No further benefits will accrue with respect to such participants under the Pension Plans, other than interest accruals on cash balance accounts. These participants were fully vested as of June 30, 2004.

        For those participants continuing to accrue benefits under the Pension Plans, benefits are credited using a cash balance formula. Under the formula, each participant has an account, for record keeping purposes only, to which credits are allocated each payroll period based on a percentage of the participant's compensation for the current pay period. The applicable percentage is determined by the participant's number of years of service with the Company. If an individual participated in the Company's prior pension plan as of September 30, 1999 and met certain age and service criteria, the participant ("grandfathered participant") will receive the greater of the benefits calculated under the prior plan, which uses a final average pay plan method, or the current plan under the cash balance formula.

Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost

        Net periodic pension cost included the following components:

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Service cost—benefits earned during the period   $ 2,474   $ 2,287   $ 7,420   $ 8,574  
Interest cost on project benefit obligations     2,805     2,797     8,417     8,426  
Expected return on plan assets     (4,109 )   (3,994 )   (12,326 )   (11,679 )
Net amortization and deferral     (30 )   (309 )   (89 )   (1,067 )
   
 
 
 
 
Net periodic pension cost     1,140     781     3,422     4,254  
Curtailment gain         (4,506 )       (4,506 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)   $ 1,140   $ (3,725 ) $ 3,422   $ (252 )
   
 
 
 
 

Employer Contributions

        The Company previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004 that it did not expect to contribute to its qualified pension plan (the "Qualified Plan") in 2005. As of September 30, 2005, the Company had made no contributions to its Qualified Plan.

8.  Contingencies

        The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sought to represent a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid

28



"undisclosed improper and excessive" late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of one thousand five hundred dollars per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court's decision granting the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' amended compliant. Plaintiffs have appealed the Superior Court's December 27, 2004 dismissal order to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. All appellate briefing has been completed. The Company believes that it will prevail on the merits of this case if it becomes necessary to further litigate this matter.

        The Company is also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of the Company's reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in the Company's debt management operation group are named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that the Company has violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

9.  Segment Reporting

        The Company has two primary operating segments as defined in SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information"—the Lending and Debt Management Operations ("DMO") segments. The Lending and DMO operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments identified in SFAS No. 131. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. The Company has smaller operating segments including the Guarantor Servicing and Student Loan Servicing operating segments as well as certain other products and services provided to colleges and universities which do not meet the quantitative thresholds identified in SFAS No. 131. Therefore, the results of operations for these operating segments and the revenues and expenses associated with these other products and services are combined with corporate overhead and other corporate activities within the Corporate and Other reporting segment.

        The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on "core earnings." The Company's "core earnings"

29



are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

        The Company's principal operations are located in the United States, and its results of operations and long-lived assets in geographic regions outside of the United States are not significant. In the Lending segment, no individual customer accounted for more than ten percent of its total revenue during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. ("USA Funds") is the Company's largest customer in both the DMO and Corporate and Other segments. During the three months ending September 30, 2005 and 2004, it accounted for 42 percent and 45 percent, respectively, of the aggregate revenues generated by the Company's DMO and Corporate and Other segments. During the nine months ending September 30, 2005 and 2004, USA Funds accounted for 38 percent and 47 percent, respectively, of the aggregate revenues generated by the Company's DMO and Corporate and Other segments. No other customers accounted for more than ten percent of total revenues in those segments for the years mentioned.

Lending

        In the Company's Lending business segment, the Company originates and acquires both federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by ED, and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. Private Education Loans are primarily used by borrowers to supplement FFELP loans to meet the rising cost of education. The Company manages student loans for over 8 million borrowers totaling $120.6 billion at September 30, 2005, of which $105.2 billion or 87 percent are federally insured. In addition to education lending, the Company also originates mortgage and consumer loans with the intent of selling the majority of such loans. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, the Company originated $602 million and $1.5 billion, respectively, in mortgage and consumer loans and its mortgage and consumer loan portfolio totaled $603 million at September 30, 2005, of which $259 million pertained to mortgages in the held for sale portfolio.

DMO

        The Company provides a wide range of accounts receivable and collections services through six operating units that comprise its DMO operating segment. These services include defaulted student loan portfolio management services, contingency collections services for student loans and other asset classes, student loan default aversion services, and accounts receivable management and investment in purchased portfolios of receivables that have been charged off by their original creditors. The

30



Company's DMO operating segment primarily serves the student loan marketplace through a broad array of default management services on a contingency fee or other pay for performance basis to ten FFELP guarantors and for campus based programs.

        In addition to collecting on its own purchased receivables, the DMO operating segment purchases charged-off debt. The DMO operating segment provides receivable management and collection services for large federal agencies, credit card clients and other holders of consumer debt.

Corporate and Other

        The Company's Corporate and Other business segment includes the aggregate activity of its smaller operating segments including its Guarantor Servicing and Loan Servicing business segments, other products and services as well as corporate overhead.

Financial Highlights

        The tables below include the condensed operating results for each of the Company's reportable segments. Management, including the "chief operating decision maker," evaluates the Company on certain non-GAAP performance measures that the Company refers to as "core earnings" for each business segment. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating each business segment because it believes these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.

        "Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" operating measures reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business. Reconciliation of the segment totals to the Company's consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.

31



Segment Results and Reconciliations to GAAP

 
  Three months ended September 30, 2005
(Dollars in millions)

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment
Totals

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 586   $   $   $ 586   $ (316 ) $ 270
  Consolidation Loans     833             833     (156 )   677
  Private Education Loans     312             312     (138 )   174
  Other loans     22             22         22
  Cash and investments     113             113     (43 )   70
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,866             1,866     (653 )   1,213
Total interest expense     1,306             1,306     (477 )   829
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     560             560     (176 )   384
Less: provisions for losses                     12     12
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     560             560     (188 )   372
Fee income         93     36     129         129
Collections revenue         42         42         42
Other income             36     36     295     331
Operating expenses     117     72     82     271     21     292
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     164     23     (4 )   183     (33 )   150
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1         1         1
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 279   $ 39   $ (6 ) $ 312   $ 119   $ 431
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

32


 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2004

 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment Totals
  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 458   $   $   $ 458   $ (269 ) $ 189
  Consolidation Loans     368             368     (35 )   333
  Private Education Loans     165             165     (82 )   83
  Other loans     18             18         18
  Cash and investments     73             73     (11 )   62
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,082             1,082     (397 )   685
Total interest expense     616             616     (244 )   372
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income   $ 466   $   $   $ 466   $ (153 ) $ 313
Less: provisions for losses     (7 )           (7 )   18     11
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     473             473     (171 )   302
Fee income         74     33     107         107
Collections revenue         5         5         5
Other income     17         46     63     291     354
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance     103             103         103
Operating expenses     98     35     70     203     8     211
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     104     16     3     123     (26 )   97
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 185   $ 28   $ 6   $ 219   $ 138   $ 357
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

33


 
  Nine months ended September 30, 2005
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment
Totals

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 1,678   $   $   $ 1,678   $ (978 ) $ 700
  Consolidation Loans     2,080             2,080     (341 )   1,739
  Private Education Loans     787             787     (357 )   430
  Other loans     62             62         62
  Cash and investments     271             271     (84 )   187
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     4,878             4,878     (1,760 )   3,118
Total interest expense     3,309             3,309     (1,252 )   2,057
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     1,569             1,569     (508 )   1,061
Less: provisions for loan losses     69             69     69     138
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,500             1,500     (577 )   923
Fee income         261     94     355         355
Collections revenue         119         119         119
Other income     72         97     169     745     914
Operating expenses     357     201     233     791     51     842
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     449     67     (16 )   500     13     513
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2     3         5         5
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 764   $ 109   $ (26 ) $ 847   $ 104   $ 951
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

34


 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2004

 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment
Totals

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 1,239   $   $   $ 1,239   $ (689 ) $ 550
  Consolidation Loans     984             984     (51 )   933
  Private Education Loans     426             426     (190 )   236
  Other loans     55             55         55
  Cash and investments     176             176     (18 )   158
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     2,880             2,880     (948 )   1,932
Total interest expense     1,536             1,536     (571 )   965
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     1,344             1,344     (377 )   967
Less: provisions for loan losses     78             78     1     79
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,266             1,266     (378 )   888
Fee income         224     91     315         315
Collections revenue         5         5         5
Other income     94         100     194     1,129     1,323
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance     103             103         103
Operating expenses     298     99     207     604     22     626
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     345     47     (6 )   386     153     539
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 614   $ 83   $ (10 ) $ 687   $ 576   $ 1,263
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

35


        The adjustments required to reconcile from the Company's segment totals to its GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for securitization transactions, derivatives, Floor Income related to the Company's student loans, and certain other items that management does not consider in evaluating the Company's operating results. The following table reflects aggregate adjustments associated with these areas for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Segment reporting adjustments to GAAP:                          
  Net impact of securitization accounting(1)   $ (253 ) $ (74 ) $ (178 ) $ (19 )
  Net impact of derivative accounting(2)     409     230     488     891  
  Net impact of Floor Income(3)     (54 )   (36 )   (148 )   (122 )
  Amortization of acquired intangibles(4)     (16 )   (8 )   (45 )   (21 )
  Net tax effect(5)     33     26     (13 )   (153 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total segment reporting adjustments to GAAP   $ 119   $ 138   $ 104   $ 576  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in the Company's Lending segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under the "core earnings" for the Lending segment, the Company presents all securitization transactions on a Managed Basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from the "core earnings" and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. The Company also excludes transactions with its off-balance sheet trusts which would be considered intercompany on a Managed Basis.

(2)
Derivative accounting: "Core earnings" exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in the Company's Lending business segment, and to a lesser degree in the Company's Corporate and Other business segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. Under "core earnings," the Company recognizes the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item's life. The Company also excludes the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.

(3)
Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in the Company's Lending segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads and, therefore, the Company excludes such income from its "core earnings" measures when it is not economically hedged. The Company employs derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in "Derivative Accounting," these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore under GAAP are marked-to-market through the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For "core earnings" under the Lending segment, the Company reverses the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.

(4)
Other items: The Company excludes amortization of acquired intangibles.

(5)
Such tax effect is based upon the Company's "core earnings" effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts.

36


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

FORWARD-LOOKING AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

        Some of the statements contained in this quarterly report discuss future expectations and business strategies or include other "forward-looking" information. Those statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the statements. The forward-looking information is based on various factors and was derived using numerous assumptions. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

        We are the largest source of funding, delivery and servicing support for education loans in the United States. Our primary business is to originate, acquire and hold both federally guaranteed student loans and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The primary source of our earnings is from net interest income earned on those student loans as well as gains on the sales of them in securitization transactions. We also earn fees for pre-default and post-default receivables management services on student loans, such that we are engaged in every phase of the student loan life cycle—from originating and servicing student loans to default prevention and ultimately the collection on defaulted student loans. We also provide a wide range of other financial services, processing capabilities and information technology to meet the needs of educational institutions, lenders, students and their families, and guarantee agencies. SLM Corporation, more commonly known as Sallie Mae, is a holding company that operates through a number of subsidiaries and references in this report to the "Company" refer to SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries.

        We have used both internal growth and strategic acquisitions to attain our leadership position in the education finance marketplace. Our sales force, which delivers our products on campuses across the country, is the largest in the student loan industry. The core of our marketing strategy is to promote our on-campus brands, which generate student loan originations through our Preferred Channel. Loans generated through our Preferred Channel are more profitable than loans acquired through other acquisition channels because we own them earlier in the student loan's life and generally incur lower costs to acquire such loans. We have built brand leadership among the Sallie Mae name, the brands of our subsidiaries and those of our lender partners. These sales and marketing efforts are supported by the largest and most diversified servicing capabilities in the industry, providing an unmatched array of servicing capability to financial aid offices.

        In recent years we have diversified our business through the acquisition of several companies that provide default management and loan collections services, all of which are combined in our Debt Management Operations ("DMO") business segment. Initially these acquisitions were concentrated in the student loan industry, but through our acquisitions of Arrow Financial Services ("AFS") in September 2004 and GRP Financial Services ("GRP") in August 2005, we expanded our capabilities to include a full range of accounts receivable management services to a number of different industries. The DMO business segment has been expanding rapidly such that revenue grew 71 percent and 66 percent in the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2005, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2004, and we now employ over 3,000 people in this segment.

37



        In December 2004, we completed the Wind-Down of the GSE through the defeasance of all remaining GSE debt obligations and dissolution of the GSE's federal charter. The liquidity provided to the Company by the GSE has been replaced primarily by securitizations. In addition to securitizations, we have also increased and diversified our investor base over the last three years to enable us to access a number of additional sources of liquidity including an asset-backed commercial paper program, unsecured revolving credit facilities, and other unsecured corporate debt and equity security issuances.

        We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the DMO operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented separately below under "BUSINESS SEGMENTS." These operating segments are considered reportable segments under the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Condensed Statements of Income

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Increase
(decrease)

  Nine months ended
September 30,

  Increase
(decrease)

 
 
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
 
Net interest income   $ 384   $ 313   $ 71   23 % $ 1,061   $ 967   $ 94   10 %
Less: provisions for losses     12     11     1   9     138     79     59   75  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     372     302     70   23     923     888     35   4  
Gains on student loan securitizations         64     (64 ) (100 )   312     375     (63 ) (17 )
Servicing and securitization revenue     (16 )   159     (175 ) (110 )   277     419     (142 ) (34 )
Losses on securities, net     (43 )   (33 )   (10 ) (30 )   (57 )   (37 )   (20 ) (54 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     316     73     243   333     176     342     (166 ) (49 )
Guarantor servicing fees     36     33     3   9     94     92     2   2  
Debt management fees     93     74     19   26     261     224     37   17  
Collections revenue     42     5     37   740     119     5     114   2280  
Other income     74     91     (17 ) (19 )   206     223     (17 ) (8 )
Operating expenses     292     211     81   38     842     626     216   35  
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment         103     (103 ) (100 )       103     (103 ) (100 )
Income taxes     150     97     53   55     513     539     (26 ) (5 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1         1   100     5         5   100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income     431     357     74   21     951     1,263     (312 ) (25 )
Preferred stock dividends     7     3     4   133     14     9     5   56  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 424   $ 354   $ 70   20 % $ 937   $ 1,254   $ (317 ) (25 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ 1.02   $ .81   $ .21   26 % $ 2.24   $ 2.85   $ (.61 ) (21 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .95   $ .76   $ .19   25 % $ 2.10   $ 2.65   $ (.55 ) (21 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends per common share   $ .22   $ .19   $ .03   16 % $ .63   $ .55   $ .08   15 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

38


Condensed Balance Sheets

 
   
   
  Increase
(decrease)

 
 
  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
 
  $
  %
 
Assets                        
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 22,354   $ 18,965   $ 3,389   18 %
Consolidation Loans, net     51,193     41,596     9,597   23  
Private Education Loans, net     8,079     5,420     2,659   49  
Other loans, net     1,094     1,048     46   4  
Cash and investments     3,773     6,974     (3,201 ) (46 )
Restricted cash and investments     2,707     2,212     495   22  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,330     2,316     14   1  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     1,064     1,066     (2 )  
Other assets     3,726     4,497     (771 ) (17 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total assets   $ 96,320   $ 84,094   $ 12,226   15 %
   
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                        
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,652   $ 2,207   $ 2,445   111 %
Long-term borrowings     84,500     75,915     8,585   11  
Other liabilities     3,331     2,798     533   19  
   
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities     92,483     80,920     11,563   14  
   
 
 
 
 
Minority interest in subsidiaries     14     72     (58 ) (81 )
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     6,373     5,129     1,244   24  
Common stock held in treasury at cost     2,550     2,027     523   26  
   
 
 
 
 
Total stockholders' equity     3,823     3,102     721   23  
   
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 96,320   $ 84,094   $ 12,226   15 %
   
 
 
 
 

39


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS SUMMARY

Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2004

        For the three months ended September 30, 2005, net income of $431 million ($.95 diluted earnings per share) was a 21 percent increase over net income of $357 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004. On a pre-tax basis, third quarter of 2005 income of $582 million was a 28 percent increase over $454 million earned in the third quarter of 2004. The smaller percentage increase in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 21 percent in the third quarter of 2004 to 26 percent in the third quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. In the third quarter of 2005 an unrealized gain of $163 million on our outstanding equity forward contracts was excluded from taxable income versus an unrealized gain of $198 million in the third quarter of 2004.

        The increase in pre-tax income in the third quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter of 2004 is due to a number of factors, the largest of which is a $243 million increase in the gain on derivative and hedging activities. Quarter-to-quarter income statement fluctuations in derivative and hedging activities are primarily driven by the effect of changes in interest rates on open derivative positions that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The year-over-year increase in the gain on derivatives was primarily caused by higher forward interest rates reducing the mark-to-market value of our outstanding Floor Income Contracts at September 30, 2005, resulting in an unrealized gain of $257 million versus an unrealized loss of $58 million in the same period of 2004. Our Floor Income Contracts are liabilities so decreases in the value results in unrealized gains.

        Third quarter income also benefited from the higher average balance of student loans on-balance sheet that increased net interest income by $148 million, partially offset by lower earning spreads on our student loans. The quarter also benefited from a change in methodology for estimating the amount of charged-off student loans that will ultimately be recovered, which resulted in a $49 million reduction in our provisions for loan losses.

        In the third quarter of 2005, we incurred impairment losses on our Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans of $171 million versus $12 million in the year-ago quarter. The third quarter Retained Interest impairments were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed in the third quarter of 2005. There were no off-balance sheet securitization transactions in the third quarter of 2005 and therefore, there were no securitization gains versus gains of $64 million in the third quarter of 2004.

        Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2004 was negatively impacted by a $103 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004, of which $1.7 billion was repurchased in the third quarter of 2004.

        The year-over-year increase in fee income and collections revenue of $56 million is primarily due to collections revenue from AFS, acquired in September 2004. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $81 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in September 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2004: AFS, Southwest Student Services Corporation ("Southwest") and Student Loan Finance Association ("SLFA").

        During the third quarter of 2005, we acquired $8.4 billion in student loans, including $2.3 billion in Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2004, we acquired $6.1 billion in student loans, of

40



which $1.2 billion were Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, we originated $7.2 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 23 percent over the $5.9 billion originated in the third quarter of 2004.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004

        For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, our net income of $951 million ($2.10 diluted earnings per share) decreased 25 percent from net income of $1.3 billion ($2.65 diluted earnings per share) in 2004. Pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 decreased by 18 percent to $1.5 billion from $1.8 billion in the first nine months of 2004. The larger percentage decrease in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income from 2004 to 2005 is primarily due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 30 percent in the first nine months of 2004 to 35 percent in the first nine months of 2005, caused by the exclusion of unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts from pre-tax income for tax purposes, as discussed above. In the first nine months of 2005, when calculating tax expense, we excluded unrealized gains on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $65 million versus unrealized gains of $335 million in the first nine months of 2004.

        The decrease in pre-tax income is primarily due to lower gains on derivative and hedging activities of $166 million, caused primarily by market value changes in open derivative positions that do not receive hedge accounting treatment. In the first nine months of 2004, we recorded a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $342 million versus a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $176 million for the same period in 2005.

        Results for the first nine months of 2005 were negatively affected by impairment losses on our Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans of $195 million versus $61 million for the first nine months of 2004. This was primarily due to the third quarter of 2005 impairment of $171 million discussed above.

        The year-over-year increase in fee income and collections revenue of $153 million is primarily due to collections revenue from AFS, acquired in the third quarter of 2004. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $216 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2004: AFS, Southwest and SLFA.

        Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 was also negatively impacted by a $103 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004, of which $1.7 billion was repurchased in the third quarter of 2004.

        Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $22.3 billion, from $98.3 billion at September 30, 2004 to $120.6 billion at September 30, 2005. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $23.7 billion of student loans in the first nine months of 2005, a 31 percent increase over the $18.1 billion acquired in the first nine months of 2004. In the first nine months of 2005, we originated $16.8 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 20 percent over the $14.0 billion originated in the first nine months of 2004.

NET INTEREST INCOME

        Net interest income, including interest income and interest expense, is derived primarily from our portfolio of student loans that remain on-balance sheet and to a lesser extent from other loans, cash and investments. The "Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income" analysis below is designed to facilitate a comparison of non-taxable asset yields to taxable yields on a similar basis. Additional information regarding the return on our student loan portfolio is set forth under "Student Loans—Student Loan

41



Spread Analysis." Information regarding the provisions for losses is included in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, "Allowance for Student Loan Losses."

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

        The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Increase
(decrease)

  Nine months ended
September 30,

  Increase
(decrease)

 
 
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
 
Interest income                                              
  Student loans   $ 1,121   $ 605   $ 516   85 % $ 2,869   $ 1,719   $ 1,150   67 %
  Other loans     22     18     4   22     62     55     7   13  
  Investments     70     62     8   13     187     158     29   18  
  Taxable equivalent adjustment     1     1           3     5     (2 ) (40 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total taxable equivalent interest income     1,214     686     528   77     3,121     1,937     1,184   61  
Interest expense     829     372     457   123     2,057     964     1,093   113  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 385   $ 314   $ 71   23 % $ 1,064   $ 973   $ 91   9 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Average Balance Sheets

        The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. This table reflects the net interest margin for the entire Company on a consolidated basis.

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 21,574   4.97 % $ 18,079   4.15 %
Consolidation Loans     48,774   5.51     32,042   4.13  
Private Education Loans     7,193   9.57     4,401   7.53  
Other loans     1,036   8.40     943   7.98  
Cash and investments     6,621   4.26     12,238   2.02  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     85,198   5.65 %   67,703   4.03 %
         
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     6,898         6,409      
   
     
     
  Total assets   $ 92,096       $ 74,112      
   
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                      
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,765   3.95 % $ 5,813   2.40 %
Long-term borrowings     80,125   3.87     62,428   2.15  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     84,890   3.87 %   68,241   2.17 %
         
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     3,596         3,080      
Stockholders' equity     3,610         2,791      
   
     
     
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 92,096       $ 74,112      
   
     
     
Net interest margin         1.80 %       1.84 %
         
       
 

42


 
 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 20,268   4.62 % $ 19,876   3.70 %
Consolidation Loans     45,081   5.16     29,557   4.21  
Private Education Loans     6,615   8.69     4,640   6.81  
Other loans     1,061   7.96     996   7.69  
Cash and investments     6,523   3.86     11,333   1.89  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     79,548   5.25 %   66,402   3.90 %
         
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     6,639         6,479      
   
     
     
  Total assets   $ 86,187       $ 72,881      
   
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                      
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,515   3.72 % $ 12,935   1.85 %
Long-term borrowings     75,044   3.44     53,992   1.94  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     79,559   3.46 %   66,927   1.92 %
         
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     3,378         3,235      
Stockholders' equity     3,250         2,719      
   
     
     
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 86,187       $ 72,881      
   
     
     
  Net interest margin         1.79 %       1.96 %
         
       
 

Rate/Volume Analysis

        The following rate/volume analysis illustrates the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes.

 
   
  Increase
(decrease)
attributable to
change in

 
  Taxable
equivalent
increase
(decrease)

 
  Rate
  Volume
Three months ended September 30, 2005 vs. three months ended September 30, 2004                  
Taxable equivalent interest income   $ 528   $ 289   $ 239
Interest expense     457     366     91
   
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 71   $ (77 ) $ 148
   
 
 
 
   
 
Increase
(decrease)
attributable to
change in

 
  Taxable
equivalent
increase
(decrease)

 
  Rate
  Volume
Nine months ended September 30, 2005 vs. nine months ended September 30, 2004                  
Taxable equivalent interest income   $ 1,184   $ 649   $ 535
Interest expense     1,093     904     189
   
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 91   $ (255 ) $ 346
   
 
 

43


        The decrease in the net interest margin versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under "Student Loans—Student Loan Spread Analysis." In addition to student loan spread related items, the net interest margin in the year-ago quarter was negatively impacted by the higher average balances of lower yielding short-term investments which were being built up during 2004 as additional liquidity in anticipation of the GSE Wind-Down.

Student Loans

        For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loans on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs.

Student Loan Spread Analysis

        The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES—Securitization Activities—Servicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT—Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis."

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
On-Balance Sheet                          
Student loan yield, before Floor Income     6.39 %   4.58 %   5.94 %   4.34 %
Floor Income     .20     .67     .30     .80  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.65 )   (.60 )   (.65 )   (.56 )
Offset Fees         (.01 )       (.04 )
Borrower benefits     (.04 )   (.12 )   (.11 )   (.16 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.16 )   (.11 )   (.15 )   (.13 )
   
 
 
 
 
Student loan net yield     5.74     4.41     5.33     4.25  
Student loan cost of funds     (3.85 )   (2.15 )   (3.43 )   (1.84 )
   
 
 
 
 
Student loan spread     1.89 %   2.26 %   1.90 %   2.41 %
   
 
 
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet                          
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income     (.23 )%   1.31 %   .82 %   1.16 %
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation     .07     .18     .06     .25  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue     (.16 )%   1.49 %   .88 %   1.41 %
   
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                          
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 77,541   $ 54,522   $ 71,964   $ 54,073  
Off-balance sheet student loans     40,742     42,230     42,137     39,787  
   
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 118,283   $ 96,752   $ 114,101   $ 93,860  
   
 
 
 
 

44


Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting

        The primary driver of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the three months ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004, we earned gross Floor Income of $40 million (20 basis points), and $92 million (67 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004 totaled $38 million (19 basis points) and $86 million (63 basis points), respectively.

        In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarter

        In the third quarter of 2005, we revised our method for estimating the qualification for borrower benefits and updated our estimates to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $16 million or 8 basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Other Fluctuations

        The student loan spread, exclusive of items discussed above, increased in the third quarter 2005 when compared to the year-ago quarter. The increase was due primarily to the increase in the higher yielding Private Education Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio outweighing the negative effect of the increase in lower yielding Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio.

        For the nine months ended September 30, 2005 versus the year-ago period, the student loan spread was relatively unchanged after considering the effects of Floor Income and significant events discussed above.

45


On-Balance Sheet Floor Income

        For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                      
Gross Floor Income   $ 40   $   $ 40   $ 92   $   $ 92  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (38 )       (38 )   (86 )       (86 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $ 2   $   $ 2   $ 6   $   $ 6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points     1         1     4         4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended

 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                      
Gross Floor Income   $ 162   $   $ 162   $ 323   $ 2   $ 325  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (150 )       (150 )   (296 )       (296 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $ 12   $   $ 12   $ 27   $ 2   $ 29  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points     2         2     7         7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The decrease in Floor Income for the periods presented for 2005 versus the periods presented for 2004 is due to an increase in short-term interest rates.

        As discussed in more detail under "LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES—Securitization Activities," when we securitize a portfolio of student loans, we estimate the future Fixed Rate Embedded Floor Income earned on off-balance sheet student loans using a discounted cash flow option pricing model and recognize the fair value of such cash flows in the initial gain on sale and subsequent valuations of the Residual Interest. Variable Rate Embedded Floor Income is recognized as earned in servicing and securitization revenue.

46



Student Loan Floor Income Contracts

        The following table analyzes the ability of the FFELP student loans in our Managed student loan portfolio to earn Floor Income after September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
(Dollars in billions)

  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income:                                      
  On-balance sheet student loans   $ 49.6   $ 17.9   $ 67.5   $ 32.7   $ 12.0   $ 44.7  
  Off-balance sheet student loans     10.6     18.7     29.3     7.5     26.8     34.3  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income     60.2     36.6     96.8     40.2     38.8     79.0  
Less: Economically hedged Floor Income contracts     (26.0 )       (26.0 )   (16.4 )       (16.4 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income   $ 34.2   $ 36.6   $ 70.8   $ 23.8   $ 38.8   $ 62.6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed student loans earning Floor Income   $ .9   $   $ .9   $ 12.7   $ .5   $ 13.2  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The following table presents a projection of the average Managed balance of Consolidation Loans whose Fixed Rate Floor Income has already been economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts for the period October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2010. These loans are both on and off-balance sheet and the related hedges do not qualify under SFAS No. 133 accounting as effective hedges.

(Dollars in billions)

  2005
  2006
  2007
  2008
  2009
  2010
Managed Basis:                                    
Average balance of economically hedged Consolidation Loans   $ 26   $ 25   $ 16   $ 15   $ 10   $ 2
   
 
 
 
 
 

FEDERAL AND STATE TAXES

        The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 was 26 percent and 35 percent, respectively, versus 21 percent and 30 percent, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004. The effective tax rate reflects the permanent impact of the exclusion of the gains or losses on equity forward contracts recognized under SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity."

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

        We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the DMO operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. These operating segments are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other operating segment for financial reporting purposes.

        The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the

47



Company's operating segments based on "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on "core earnings." Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

        "Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating its business because "core earnings" permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments.

 
  Three months ended September 30, 2005
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Interest income:                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 586   $   $  
  Consolidation Loans     833          
  Private Education Loans     312          
  Other loans     22          
  Cash and investments     113          
   
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,866          
Total interest expense     1,306          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income     560          
Less: provisions for losses              
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     560          
Fee income         93     36  
Collections revenue         42      
Other income             36  
Operating expenses     117     72     82  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     164     23     (4 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1      
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 279   $ 39   $ (6 )
   
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

48


 
  Three months ended September 30, 2004
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

Interest income:                  
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 458   $   $
  Consolidation Loans     368        
  Private Education Loans     165        
  Other loans     18        
  Cash and investments     73        
   
 
 
Total interest income     1,082        
Total interest expense     616        
   
 
 
Net interest income     466        
Less: provisions for losses     (7 )      
   
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     473        
Fee income         74     33
Collections revenue         5    
Other income     17         46
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance     103        
Operating expenses     98     35     70
Income tax expense(1)     104     16     3
   
 
 
Net income   $ 185   $ 28   $ 6
   
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2005

 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Interest income:                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 1,678   $   $  
  Consolidation Loans     2,080          
  Private Education Loans     787          
  Other loans     62          
  Cash and investments     271          
   
 
 
 
Total interest income     4,878          
Total interest expense     3,309          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income     1,569          
Less: provisions for loan losses     69          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,500          
Fee income         261     94  
Collections revenue         119      
Other income     72         97  
Operating expenses     357     201     233  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     449     67     (16 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2     3      
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 764   $ 109   $ (26 )
   
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

49


 
  Nine months ended September 30, 2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Interest income:                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 1,239   $   $  
  Consolidation Loans     984          
  Private Education Loans     426          
  Other loans     55          
  Cash and investments     176          
   
 
 
 
Total interest income     2,880          
Total interest expense     1,536          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income     1,344          
Less: provisions for loan losses     78          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,266          
Fee income         224     91  
Collections revenue         5      
Other income     94         100  
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance     103          
Operating expenses     298     99     207  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     345     47     (6 )
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 614   $ 83   $ (10 )
   
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

Alternative Performance Measures

        In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In addition to evaluating the Company's GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company's business segments under certain non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as "core earnings" for each business segment and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on "core earnings" in operating each business segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.

        Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.

50


Limitations on "Core Earnings"

        While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.

        Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.

51



Pre-tax differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP by Business Segment

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
"Core earnings" adjustments to GAAP:                                      
  Net impact of securitization accounting   $ (253 ) $   $   $ (74 ) $   $  
  Net impact of derivative accounting     246         163     32         198  
  Net impact of Floor Income     (54 )           (36 )        
  Amortization of acquired intangibles     (12 )   (3 )   (1 )   (5 )   (2 )   (1 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" adjustments to GAAP   $ (73 ) $ (3 ) $ 162   $ (83 ) $ (2 ) $ 197  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
"Core earnings" adjustments to GAAP:                                      
  Net impact of securitization accounting   $ (178 ) $   $   $ (19 ) $   $  
  Net impact of derivative accounting     423         65     556         335  
  Net impact of Floor Income     (148 )           (122 )        
  Amortization of acquired intangibles     (33 )   (4 )   (8 )   (13 )   (5 )   (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" adjustments to GAAP   $ 64   $ (4 ) $ 57   $ 402   $ (5 ) $ 332  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pre-tax differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP

1)
Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under "core earnings," we present all securitization transactions on a Managed Basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from "core earnings" and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts which would be considered intercompany on a Managed Basis.


The following table summarizes the securitization adjustments in our Lending business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core earnings" securitization adjustments:                          
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses   $ (225 ) $ (292 ) $ (740 ) $ (803 )
Gains on student loan securitizations         64     312     375  
Servicing and securitization revenue     (16 )   159     277     419  
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts     (12 )   (5 )   (27 )   (10 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" securitization adjustments   $ (253 ) $ (74 ) $ (178 ) $ (19 )
   
 
 
 
 

52


2)
Derivative Accounting: "Core earnings" exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in our Lending business segment, and to a lesser degree in our Corporate and Other business segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. Under "core earnings," we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item's life. We also exclude the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.


SFAS No. 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. We believe that all of our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts, certain Eurodollar futures contracts and certain basis swaps and equity forward contracts (discussed in detail below), do not qualify for "hedge treatment" as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. "Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net" are primarily caused by interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price during the period and the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment.


Our Floor Income Contracts are written options which must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness under SFAS No. 133. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the paydown of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Under SFAS No. 133, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.


Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to change the index of our fixed rate and LIBOR-based debt to better match the cash flows of our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to a commercial paper, Prime or Treasury bill index. SFAS No. 133 requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk, however they do not meet this effectiveness test because our FFELP student loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates. We also have basis swaps that do not meet the SFAS No. 133 effectiveness test that economically hedge off-balance sheet instruments. As a result, under GAAP these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the income statement.

53



Generally, a decrease in current interest rates and the respective forward interest rate curves results in an unrealized loss related to our written Floor Income Contracts which is offset by an increase in the value of the economically hedged student loans. This increase is not recognized in income. We will experience unrealized gains/losses related to our basis swaps, if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.


Under SFAS No. 150, equity forward contracts that allow a net settlement option either in cash or the Company's stock are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives. As a result, we account for our equity forward contracts as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and mark them to market through earnings. They do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges as a requirement to achieve hedge accounting is the hedged item must impact net income, and the settlement of these contracts through the purchase of our own stock does not impact net income.


The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 on our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the SFAS No. 133 implementation.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core earnings" derivative adjustments:                          
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1)   $ 316   $ 73   $ 176   $ 342  
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     93     154     309     551  
   
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     409     227     485     893  
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments         3     3     (2 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting   $ 409   $ 230   $ 488   $ 891  
   
 
 
 
 

54



SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as "realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities") that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and where they are reclassified to on a "core earnings" basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Reclassification of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities:                          
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income   $ (57 ) $ (131 ) $ (222 ) $ (451 )
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income     (36 )   (27 )   (82 )   (49 )
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income         4     (5 )   (51 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities     (93 )   (154 )   (309 )   (551 )
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     409     227     485     893  
   
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ 316   $ 73   $ 176   $ 342  
   
 
 
 
 


 
  Three months
ended
September 30,

  Nine months
ended
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Floor Income Contracts   $ 257   $ (58 ) $ 379   $ 502
Equity forward contracts     163     198     65     335
Basis swaps     (19 )   102     48     44
Other     8     (15 )   (7 )   12
   
 
 
 
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ 409   $ 227   $ 485   $ 893
   
 
 
 
3)
Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads and, therefore, we exclude such income from "core earnings" when it is not economically hedged. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in "Derivative Accounting," these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore under GAAP are marked-to-market through the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For "core earnings," we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.

55



The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core earnings" Floor Income adjustments:                          
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts   $ 2   $ 18   $ 19   $ 69  
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income     (56 )   (54 )   (167 )   (141 )
Net losses related to closed Eurodollar futures contracts economically hedging Floor Income                 (50 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" Floor Income adjustments   $ (54 ) $ (36 ) $ (148 ) $ (122 )
   
 
 
 
 
4)
Other Items: We exclude amortization of acquired intangibles. The 2005 increase in the amortization of acquired intangibles is driven by the acquisition of definite life intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions of AFS, Southwest, and SLFA.

LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT

        In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford Loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. In addition, Private Education Loans made to sudents attending Title IV schools to cover the cost of attendence are not dischargeable in bankruptcy unless the borrower can meet the very difficult burden of proving undue hardship. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.

56



        The following table summarizes the "core earnings" results of operations for our Lending business segment.

 
   
   
  %
Increase
(Decrease)

   
   
  %
Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  Three months
ended
September 30,

  Nine months
ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005 vs.
2004

  2005 vs.
2004

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Managed Basis interest income:                                  
  Managed FFELP and Other Student Loans   $ 586   $ 458   28 % $ 1,678   $ 1,239   35 %
  Managed Consolidation loans     833     368   126     2,080     984   111  
  Managed Private Education Loans     312     165   89     787     426   85  
  Other loans     22     18   22     62     55   13  
  Cash and investments     113     73   55     271     176   54  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed interest income     1,866     1,082   72     4,878     2,880   69  
Total Managed interest expense     1,306     616   112     3,309     1,536   115  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed interest income     560     466   20     1,569     1,344   17  
Less: provisions for losses         (7 ) (100 )   69     78   (12 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     560     473   18     1,500     1,266   18  
Other income         17   (100 )   72     94   (23 )
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance         103   (100 )       103   (100 )
Operating expenses     117     98   19     357     298   20  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     443     289   53     1,215     959   27  
Income taxes     164     104   58     449     345   30  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     279     185   51     766     614   25  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries               2       100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 279   $ 185   51 % $ 764   $ 614   24 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

57


Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio

        The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.

Ending Balances (net of allowance for loan losses):

 
  September 30, 2005
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 22,354   $ 51,193   $ 73,547   $ 8,079   $ 81,626  
Off-balance sheet     20,728     10,968     31,696     7,312     39,008  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 15,391   $ 120,634  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     30 %   70 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     41 %   59 %   100 %            
% of Total     36 %   52 %   87 %   13 %   100 %
 
 
December 31, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 18,965   $ 41,596   $ 60,561   $ 5,420   $ 65,981  
Off-balance sheet     27,825     7,570     35,395     6,062     41,457  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,790   $ 49,166   $ 95,956   $ 11,482   $ 107,438  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     49 %   51 %   100 %            
% of Total     44 %   45 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

58


Average Balances:

 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 21,574   $ 48,774   $ 70,348   $ 7,193   $ 77,541  
Off-balance sheet     22,250     11,094     33,344     7,398     40,742  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 43,824   $ 59,868   $ 103,692   $ 14,591   $ 118,283  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     42 %   58 %   100 %            
% of Total     37 %   51 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 18,079   $ 32,042   $ 50,121   $ 4,401   $ 54,522  
Off-balance sheet     28,417     7,575     35,992     6,238     42,230  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,496   $ 39,617   $ 86,113   $ 10,639   $ 96,752  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     36 %   64 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     54 %   46 %   100 %            
% of Total     48 %   41 %   89 %   11 %   100 %
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 20,268   $ 45,081   $ 65,349   $ 6,615   $ 71,964  
Off-balance sheet     25,783     9,481     35,264     6,873     42,137  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,051   $ 54,562   $ 100,613   $ 13,488   $ 114,101  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     46 %   54 %   100 %            
% of Total     40 %   48 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 19,876   $ 29,557   $ 49,433   $ 4,640   $ 54,073  
Off-balance sheet     26,786     7,741     34,527     5,260     39,787  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,662   $ 37,298   $ 83,960   $ 9,900   $ 93,860  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet Federal     40 %   60 %   100 %            
% of Managed Federal     55 %   45 %   100 %            
% of Total     49 %   40 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

59


Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis

        The following table analyzes the earnings from our portfolio of Managed student loans on a "core earnings" basis (see "Pre-tax differences between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP"). This analysis includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet loans in securitization trusts and derivatives economically hedging these line items and excludes unhedged Floor Income while including the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Managed Basis student loan yield     6.55 %   4.67 %   6.04 %   4.39 %
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.52 )   (.42 )   (.49 )   (.41 )
Offset Fees                 (.02 )
Borrower benefits     (.04 )   (.02 )   (.06 )   (.07 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.18 )   (.15 )   (.17 )   (.12 )
   
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan net yield     5.81     4.08     5.32     3.77  
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds     (4.00 )   (2.16 )   (3.54 )   (1.85 )
   
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan spread     1.81 %   1.92 %   1.78 %   1.92 %
   
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                          
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 77,541   $ 54,522   $ 71,964   $ 54,073  
Off-balance sheet student loans     40,742     42,230     42,137     39,787  
   
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 118,283   $ 96,752   $ 114,101   $ 93,860  
   
 
 
 
 

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarter

        In the third quarter of 2005, we updated our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of Consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $21 million or 7 basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.

        The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third quarter was impacted by the surge in Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter as we wrote-off the balance of unamortized premiums associated with loans that consolidate with third parties as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest Income—Student Loans").

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Other Fluctuations

        The decrease in the Managed student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the Managed portfolio. Consolidation Loans have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee. These negative effects are partially offset by the higher SAP spread earned on Consolidation Loans and lower student loan premium amortization due to their extended term. When compared to the year-ago quarter, the third quarter of 2005 spread was also negatively impacted by higher premium amortization, primarily caused by the purchase price allocation for student loans acquired in acquisitions, and by lower amortization of the upfront fee received on Floor Income Contracts.

        The third quarter 2005 Managed student loan spread benefited from the increase in the average balance of Managed Private Education Loans as a percentage of the average Managed student loan portfolio from 11 percent in the third quarter 2004 to 12 percent in the third quarter 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged

60



4.75 percent in the third quarter of 2005 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.31 percent in the third quarter of 2005 for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio, excluding the impact from the update to our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits.

Private Education Loans

        All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. When we securitize Private Education Loans, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided for in the allowance and then provide for these loans in the Managed presentation only as they are no longer owned by the Company.

        When Private Education Loans in securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212th day of delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP at the time of repurchase of delinquent Private Education Loans are considered charge-offs when the delinquent Private Education Loans reach the 212-day charge-off date. These charge-offs are shown in the off-balance sheet section in the table below.

        The off-balance sheet allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized.

Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

Third Quarter of 2005 Change in Recovery Methodology

        We continue to gain experience in analyzing our Private Education Loan portfolios and as a result, we have developed additional data to better estimate the amount of recoveries on defaulted loans. During the third quarter of 2005, we changed our methodology for estimating the amount of charged-off student loans that will ultimately be recovered, which resulted in a $49 million decrease in the value of the allowance through the provision for loan losses. On a Managed Basis, we decreased the allowance for loan losses by $65 million to recognize the effect of this change.

Second Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate

        In the second quarter of 2005, we changed our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest for our Managed loan portfolio using a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge-off.

        This is a widely used reserving methodology in the consumer finance industry. Previously, we calculated the allowance for Private Education Loan losses by estimating the probable losses in the portfolio based primarily on loan characteristics and where pools of loans were in their life with less emphasis on current delinquency status of the loan. Also, in our prior methodology for calculating the allowance, some loss rates were based on proxies and extrapolations of FFELP loan loss data.

        We also used a migration analysis to revise our estimates surrounding our non-accrual policy for interest income. Under the new methodology, we estimate the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and write it off against current period interest income. Under our prior methodology, Private Education Loans continued to accrue interest, including in periods of forbearance, until they were charged off, at which time, the loans were placed on non-accrual status and all accrued interest was reversed against income in the month of charge-off.

61


        This change in reserving methodology has been accounted for as a change in estimate in accordance with the FASB's Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes." The cumulative effect of this change to the second quarter of 2005 was to increase the value of the allowance by $40 million and to reduce student loan interest income for the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest receivable by $14 million. On the income statement, adjustments to the allowance are recorded through the provision for loan losses whereas adjustments to accrued interest are recorded in interest income. On a Managed Basis, we decreased the allowance for loan losses by $20 million and reduced student loan interest income by $16 million for uncollectible accrued interest.

        The difference in the impact of the change in estimate on the allowance for loan losses between our on-balance sheet and our Managed results is due to the difference in the mix of Private Education Loans on-and off- balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other loan programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized and as such the on-balance sheet portfolio contains loans with higher delinquency rates. Because the required allowance under the new methodology is more directly tied to the current status of the portfolio, the on-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements increased while the off-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements decreased with the net effect being a decrease in the Managed Basis allowance.

Activity in the Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

        The provision for student loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio of Private Education Loans.

        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
 
 
  On-Balance Sheet
  Off-Balance Sheet
  Managed Basis
 
 
  Three months ended
  Three months ended
  Three months ended
 
 
  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 228   $ 155   $ 91   $ 133   $ 319   $ 288  
  Provision for Private Education Loan losses     56     40     4     12     60     52  
  Change in recovery methodology     (49 )       (16 )       (65 )    
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total provision     7     40     (12 )   12     (5 )   52  
 
Charge-offs

 

 

(47

)

 

(32

)

 


 

 

(1

)

 

(47

)

 

(33

)
  Recoveries     5     4             5     4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net charge-offs     (42 )   (28 )       (1 )   (42 )   (29 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     193     167     79     144     272     311  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans                          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 193   $ 167   $ 79   $ 144   $ 272   $ 311  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)     5.35 %   4.71 %   %   .11 %   2.42 %   2.29 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     2.34 %   3.38 %   1.07 %   2.32 %   1.74 %   2.79 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     6.00 %   6.93 %   2.13 %   5.52 %   3.93 %   6.20 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.15     1.51         49.88     1.62     2.73  
Average total loans   $ 7,193   $ 4,401   $ 7,398   $ 6,238   $ 14,591   $ 10,639  
Ending total loans   $ 8,272   $ 4,939   $ 7,391   $ 6,220   $ 15,663   $ 11,159  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,150   $ 2,352   $ 3,814   $ 2,621   $ 6,964   $ 4,973  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,220   $ 2,408   $ 3,705   $ 2,610   $ 6,925   $ 5,018  

62


 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
 
 
  On-Balance Sheet
  Off-Balance Sheet
  Managed Basis
 
 
  Nine months ended
  Nine months ended
  Nine months ended
 
 
  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

  September 30,
2005

  September 30,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 172   $ 166   $ 143   $ 93   $ 315   $ 259  
  Provision for Private Education Loan losses     135     100     9     27     144     127  
  Change in estimate     40         (60 )       (20 )    
  Change in recovery methodology     (49 )       (16 )       (65 )    
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total provision     126     100     (67 )   27     59     127  
 
Charge-offs

 

 

(113

)

 

(81

)

 

(3

)

 

(4

)

 

(116

)

 

(85

)
  Recoveries     14     10             14     10  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net charge-offs     (99 )   (71 )   (3 )   (4 )   (102 )   (75 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     199     195     73     116     272     311  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (6 )   (28 )   6     28          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 193   $ 167   $ 79   $ 144   $ 272   $ 311  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)     4.37 %   3.86 %   .09 %   .19 %   2.07 %   2.12 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     2.34 %   3.38 %   1.07 %   2.32 %   1.74 %   2.79 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     6.00 %   6.93 %   2.13 %   5.52 %   3.93 %   6.20 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.46     1.74     24.00     33.53     2.01     3.11  
Average total loans   $ 6,615   $ 4,640   $ 6,873   $ 5,260   $ 13,488   $ 9,900  
Ending total loans   $ 8,272   $ 4,939   $ 7,391   $ 6,220   $ 15,663   $ 11,159  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,031   $ 2,480   $ 3,529   $ 2,239   $ 6,560   $ 4,719  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,220   $ 2,408   $ 3,705   $ 2,610   $ 6,925   $ 5,018  

        The increase in charge-offs over the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the 38 percent growth in the portfolio in repayment on a Managed Basis.

        The year-over-year allowance on a Managed Basis increased by $46 million, exclusive of the changes in estimate and methodology, due to the growth in the repayment portfolio. Also, under the new allowance methodology adopted in the second quarter of 2005, we provide for losses over a shorter period of time versus the prior methodology. Consequently, the year-over-year growth rate in the provision is less than the growth rate in the portfolio.

        The reduction in the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans in repayment is due to the second quarter change in estimate and to the third quarter improvement in our estimate of recoveries of previously defaulted loans discussed above. The decrease is also due to the shorter time period for which we calculate our allowance under the migration analysis adopted in the second quarter.

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Delinquencies

        The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of September 30, 2005 and 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.

 
  On-Balance Sheet Private Education
Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 5,042       $ 2,522      
Loans in forbearance(2)     311         179      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     2,873   89.2 %   2,122   88.1 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     145   4.5     97   4.0  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     75   2.3     65   2.7  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     127   4.0     124   5.2  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,220   100.0 %   2,408   100.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     8,573         5,109      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (301 )       (170 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     8,272         4,939      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (193 )       (167 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 8,079       $ 4,772      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     37.6 %       47.1 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     10.8 %       11.9 %    
   
     
     
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Private Education
Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 3,272       $ 3,251      
Loans in forbearance(2)     552         455      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     3,514   94.9 %   2,456   94.1 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     94   2.5     67   2.6  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     38   1.0     42   1.6  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     59   1.6     45   1.7  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,705   100.0 %   2,610   100.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     7,529         6,316      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (138 )       (96 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     7,391         6,220      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (79 )       (144 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 7,312       $ 6,076      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     49.2 %       41.3 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     5.1 %       5.9 %    
   
     
     

64


 
  Managed Private Education
Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 8,314       $ 5,773      
Loans in forbearance(2)     863         634      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     6,387   92.2 %   4,578   91.2 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     239   3.5     164   3.3  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     113   1.6     107   2.1  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     186   2.7     169   3.4  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     6,925   100.0 %   5,018   100.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     16,102         11,425      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (439 )       (266 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     15,663         11,159      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (272 )       (311 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 15,391       $ 10,848      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     43.0 %       43.9 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     7.8 %       8.8 %    
   
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Forbearance—Managed Basis Private Education Loans

        Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability generally improves between the time the loan is made and the time the borrower becomes established in the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time. In addition, Private Education Loans made to students attending Title IV schools to cover the cost of attendance are not dischargeable in bankruptcy unless the borrower can meet the very difficult burden of proving undue hardship.

65



        Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At September 30, 2005, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance are 13.8 percent for loans that have been in repayment 1 to 24 months. The percentage drops to 5.8 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 73 percent of the Company's loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves. The increase in forbearance was partially due to approximately $100 million in forbearance granted to borrowers affected by Hurricane Katrina.

        The tables below show the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment.

 
  Months since entering repayment
 
 
  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
September 30,
2005(1)

  Total
 
September 30, 2005                                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 8,314   $ 8,314  
Loans in forbearance     630     150     83         863  
Loans in repayment—current     3,635     1,485     1,267         6,387  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     131     62     46         239  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     72     26     15         113  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than
90 days
    100     58     28         186  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4,568   $ 1,781   $ 1,439   $ 8,314     16,102  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (439 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (272 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 15,391  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     13.8 %   8.4 %   5.8 %   %   11.1 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

66


 
 
Months since entering repayment

 
 
  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
September 30,
2004(1)

  Total
 
September 30, 2004                                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 5,773   $ 5,773  
Loans in forbearance     472     107     55         634  
Loans in repayment—current     2,400     1,177     1,001         4,578  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     84     44     36         164  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     57     30     20         107  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than
90 days
    70     59     40         169  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 3,083   $ 1,417   $ 1,152   $ 5,773     11,425  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (266 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (311 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 10,848  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     15.3 %   7.6 %   4.8 %   %   11.2 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes all loans in-school/grace/deferment.

        Additionally, as indicated in the table below which categorizes the balance of Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used forbearance as of the dates indicated, 7 percent of borrowers currently in forbearance have deferred their loan repayment more than 24 months.

 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

 
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance                      
1 to 12 months   $ 646   75 % $ 429   68 %
13 to 24 months     154   18     154   24  
25 to 36 months     40   4     32   5  
More than 36 months     23   3     19   3  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 863   100 % $ 634   100 %
   
 
 
 
 

        On a Managed Basis, loans in forbearance status decreased slightly from 11.2 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at September 30, 2004 to 11.1 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at September 30, 2005. The decrease in the percentage of loans in forbearance status from the prior year is primarily due to a more specific evaluations of the borrower's need and ability to benefit from a forbearance that were instituted in the fourth quarter of 2004. Included in the "1 to 12 month" forbearance balance as of September 30, 2005 in the above table is approximately $100 million in forbearance granted to borrowers affected by Hurricane Katrina.

67



Other Income, Net

        The following table summarizes the components of other income, net, for our Lending business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months
ended
September 30,

  Nine months
ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Late fees   $ 23   $ 22   $ 67   $ 72  
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees     6     5     14     15  
Losses on investments, net     (35 )   (27 )   (32 )   (24 )
Other     6     17     23     31  
   
 
 
 
 
Total other income, net   $   $ 17   $ 72   $ 94  
   
 
 
 
 

        The increase in losses on investments is primarily due to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter of 2005, which primarily reflects the impairment of an aircraft leased to Northwest Airlines, which declared bankruptcy in September 2005. In the year-ago quarter we recorded a $27 million leveraged lease impairment reserve in recognition of the deteriorating financial condition of Delta Airlines. Delta also declared bankruptcy in September 2005.

        At September 30, 2005, our remaining investments in leveraged and direct financing leases, net of impairments, totaled $122 million and are the general obligations of American Airlines and Federal Express Corporation. Based on an analysis of the potential losses on certain leveraged leases plus the increase in incremental tax obligations related to the forgiveness of debt obligations and/or the taxable gain on the sale of the aircraft, our remaining after-tax accounting exposure from our investment in American Airlines is $56 million at September 30, 2005.

Student Loan Acquisitions

        In the nine months ended September 30, 2005, 72 percent of our Managed student loan acquisitions were originated through our Preferred Channel. The following tables summarize the components of our student loan acquisition activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 3,455   $ 2,238   $ 5,693  
Other commitment clients     148         148  
Spot purchases     669         669  
Consolidations from third parties     1,306         1,306  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     3,207         3,207  
Acquisition of Idaho Transfer Corporation     43         43  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     340     (20 )   320  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     9,168     2,218     11,386  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (3,207 )       (3,207 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     131     42     173  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 6,092   $ 2,260   $ 8,352  
   
 
 
 

68


 
 
Three months ended
September 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 3,137   $ 1,138   $ 4,275  
Other commitment clients     87     45     132  
Spot purchases     325         325  
Consolidations from third parties     978         978  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     2,484         2,484  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     265     14     279  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     7,276     1,197     8,473  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (2,484 )       (2,484 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     112     28     140  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 4,904   $ 1,225   $ 6,129  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended
September 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 12,229   $ 4,801   $ 17,030  
Other commitment clients     395         395  
Spot purchases     1,568         1,568  
Consolidations from third parties     3,145         3,145  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     7,455         7,455  
Acquisition of Idaho Transfer Corporation     43         43  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     1,011     (36 )   975  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     25,846     4,765     30,611  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (7,455 )       (7,455 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     386     145     531  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 18,777   $ 4,910   $ 23,687  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended
September 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 10,624   $ 3,173   $ 13,797  
Other commitment clients     266     45     311  
Spot purchases     1,080     1     1,081  
Consolidations from third parties     1,627         1,627  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     3,970         3,970  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     795     (5 )   790  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     18,362     3,214     21,576  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (3,970 )       (3,970 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     396     95     491  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 14,788   $ 3,309   $ 18,097  
   
 
 
 

69


        For the three months ended September 30, 2005, net new student loan acquisitions resulting from consolidation activity was effectively neutral to the portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, consolidation activity resulted in $514 million of net new student loan acquisitions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004, consolidation activity resulted in $382 million and $128 million, respectively, of net new student loan acquisitions.

        As shown on the above table, off-balance sheet FFELP Stafford loans that consolidate with us become an on-balance sheet interest earning asset. This activity results in impairments of our Retained Interests in securitizations, but this is offset by an increase in on-balance sheet interest earning assets, for which we do not record an offsetting gain.

        The following table includes on-balance sheet asset information for our Lending business segment.

 
  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 22,354   $ 18,958
Consolidation Loans, net     51,194     41,603
Private Education Loans, net     8,079     5,420
Other loans, net     1,094     1,048
Investments(1)     6,014     8,914
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,330     2,315
Other(2)     3,919     4,792
   
 
Total assets   $ 94,984   $ 83,050
   
 

(1)
Investments include cash and cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and investments, leveraged leases, and municipal bonds.

(2)
Other assets include accrued interest receivable, goodwill and acquired intangible assets and other non-interest earning assets.

Consolidation Loan Activity

        The following tables present the effect of Consolidation Loan activity on our Managed FFELP portfolio.

 
  Three months ended
 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

 
Beginning Managed balance   $ 47,126   $ 55,875   $ 103,001   $ 48,223   $ 36,792   $ 85,015  
Acquisitions     3,993     793     4,786     3,664     262     3,926  
Incremental Consolidations from third parties         1,306     1,306         978     978  
Internal Consolidations(2)     (5,250 )   5,250         (3,410 )   3,410      
Consolidations to third parties     (979 )   (320 )   (1,299 )   (497 )   (96 )   (593 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other     (1,808 )   (743 )   (2,551 )   (1,367 )   (468 )   (1,835 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Managed balance   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 46,613   $ 40,878   $ 87,491  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

(2)
Included in Internal Consolidations for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 were $3.2 billion and $2.5 billion respectively, of FFELP student loans in securitization trusts that were consolidated back on balance sheet.

70


 
  Nine months ended
 
 
  September 30, 2005
  September 30, 2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(3)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

 
Beginning Managed balance   $ 46,791   $ 49,165   $ 95,956   $ 45,554   $ 34,930   $ 80,484  
Acquisitions     14,188     1,444     15,632     12,454     707     13,161  
Incremental Consolidations from third parties         3,145     3,145         1,627     1,627  
Internal Consolidations(4)     (11,090 )   11,090         (5,219 )   5,219      
Consolidations to third parties     (1,952 )   (660 )   (2,612 )   (1,263 )   (227 )   (1,490 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other     (4,855 )   (2,023 )   (6,878 )   (4,913 )   (1,378 )   (6,291 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Managed balance   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 46,613   $ 40,878   $ 87,491  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

(3)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

(4)
Included in Internal Consolidations for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 were $7.2 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, of FFELP student loans in securitization trusts that were consolidated back on balance sheet.

Preferred Channel Originations

        We originated $7.2 billion and $16.8 billion in student loan volume through our Preferred Channel in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, respectively, versus $5.9 billion and $14.0 billion in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004, respectively.

        In the third quarter of 2005, we grew our Preferred Channel Originations by 80 percent versus the year-ago quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, our internally marketed brands constitute 41 percent of our Preferred Channel Originations, up from 32 percent in the year-ago period. The pipeline of loans that we currently service and are committed to purchase was $6.2 billion and $6.4 billion at September 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The following tables further break down our Preferred Channel Originations by type of loan and source.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Preferred Channel Originations—Type of Loan                        
Stafford   $ 3,966   $ 3,655   $ 9,879   $ 8,914
PLUS     863     794     2,046     1,794
   
 
 
 
Total FFELP     4,829     4,449     11,925     10,708
Private     2,399     1,412     4,839     3,310
   
 
 
 
Total   $ 7,228   $ 5,861   $ 16,764   $ 14,018
   
 
 
 

Preferred Channel Originations—Source

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Internally marketed brands   $ 3,430   $ 1,883   $ 6,869   $ 4,453
Lender partners     3,798     3,978     9,895     9,565
   
 
 
 
Total   $ 7,228   $ 5,861   $ 16,764   $ 14,018
   
 
 
 

71


        The following table summarizes the activity in our Managed portfolio of student loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Beginning balance   $ 116,500   $ 94,901   $ 107,438   $ 88,789  
Acquisitions, including capitalized interest     8,352     6,129     23,687     18,097  
Repayments, claims and other     (2,715 )   (2,063 )   (7,574 )   (6,486 )
Charge-offs to reserves and securitization trusts     (49 )   (31 )   (119 )   (91 )
Loans sales     (149 )   (1 )   (167 )   (471 )
Loans consolidated from SLM Corporation     (1,305 )   (596 )   (2,631 )   (1,499 )
   
 
 
 
 
Ending balance   $ 120,634   $ 98,339   $ 120,634   $ 98,339  
   
 
 
 
 

DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT

        The following table includes the "core earnings" results of operations for our DMO business segment.

 
  Three months
ended
September 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

  Nine months
ended
September 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005 vs.
2004

  2005
  2004
  2005 vs.
2004

 
Fee income   $ 93   $ 74   26 % $ 261   $ 224   17 %
Collections revenue     42     5   740     119     5   2,280  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fee and other income     135     79   71     380     229   66  
Operating expenses     72     35   106     201     99   103  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     63     44   43     179     130   38  
Income tax expense     23     16   44     67     47   43  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     40     28   43     112     83   35  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1       100     3       100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 39   $ 28   39 % $ 109   $ 83   31 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

72


DMO Revenue by Product

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Purchase paper   $ 42   $ 5(2)   $ 119   $ 5(2)  
Contingency:                          
  Contingency—Student loans     66     68     195     194  
  Contingency—Other     9     4     28     10  
   
 
 
 
 
Total contingency     75     72     223     204  
Other     18     2     38     20  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 135   $ 79   $ 380   $ 229  
   
 
 
 
 
USA Funds(1) business   $ 47   $ 45   $ 136   $ 147  
   
 
 
 
 
% of total DMO     35 %   58 %   36 %   64 %
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
United Student Aid Funds, Inc. ("USA Funds")

(2)
Includes revenue attributed to AFS for the period from September 16 to September 30.

Fee Income and Collections Revenue

        On August 31, 2005, we acquired 100 percent of GRP Financial Services ("GRP"), a debt management company that acquires and manages portfolios of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate.

        DMO revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2005 increased by $56 million or 71 percent over the year-ago period, of which $39 million was generated by the purchase paper business of AFS, acquired in September 2004. DMO revenue increased by $151 million or 66 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 over the year-ago period, of which $111 million was generated by the purchase paper business of AFS. Contingency fee income increased by $3 million, or 4 percent, to $75 million for the third quarter of 2005 versus the year-ago period. The growth in contingency fee revenues was primarily driven by the contingency business of AFS.

Purchase Paper—Non-Mortgage

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004(1)
  2005
  2004(1)
 
Face value of purchases   $ 330   $ 77   $ 1,746   $ 77  
Purchase price     25     4     90     4  
% of face value purchased     7.5 %   5.1 %   5.2 %   5.1 %

Gross Cash Collections ("GCC")

 

$

61

 

$

8

 

$

179

 

$

8

 
Purchase paper revenue     39     5     116     5  
% of GCC     65 %   63 %   65 %   63 %

Carrying value of purchases

 

$

81

 

$

55

 

$

81

 

$

55

 

(1)
Includes revenue for AFS for the period from September 16 to September 30.

73


        The amount of face value purchased in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the average age of the portfolio, the type of receivable, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of principal purchased will vary from quarter to quarter.

Purchase Paper—Mortgage/Properties

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005(1)
  2004
  2005(1)
  2004
 
Face value of purchases   $ 34   $   $ 34   $  
Purchase paper revenue     3         3      
Collateral value of purchases     42         42      

Purchase price

 

 

32

 

 


 

 

32

 

 


 
% of collateral value     76 %   %   76 %   %

Carrying value of purchases

 

$

238

 

$


 

$

238

 

$


 

(1)
Includes results for GRP since the acquisition, which closed on August 31, 2005.

        The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the collateral.

Contingency Inventory

        The following table presents the outstanding inventory of defaulted loans that are currently being serviced through our DMO business.

 
  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Contingency:            
  Contingency—Student loans   $ 6,985   $ 6,869
  Contingency—Other     2,106     1,756
   
 
Total   $ 9,091   $ 8,625
   
 

Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our DMO business segment increased by $37 million, or 106 percent, to $72 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 versus the year-ago quarter, primarily due to the inclusion of AFS's expenses for a full quarter and GRP's expenses since the acquisition which closed August 31, 2005. AFS was acquired in mid-September 2004.

        At September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the DMO business segment had total assets of $786 million and $519 million, respectively.

CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT

        At September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Corporate and Other business segment had total assets of $550 million and $524 million, respectively.

74



        The following table includes "core earnings" results of operations for our Corporate and Other business segment.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

  Nine months ended
September 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005 vs.
2004

  2005
  2004
  2005 vs.
2004

 
Fee income   $ 36   $ 33   9 % $ 94   $ 91   3 %
Collections revenue     36     46   (22 )   97     100   (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fee and other income     72     79   (9 )   191     191    
Operating expenses     82     70   17     233     207   13  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes     (10 )   9   (211 )   (42 )   (16 ) (163 )
Income tax expense (benefit)     (4 )   3   (233 )   (16 )   (6 ) (167 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ (6 ) $ 6   (200 )% $ (26 ) $ (10 ) (160 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Fee and Other Income

        The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Guarantor servicing fees   $ 36   $ 33   $ 94   $ 91
Loan servicing fees     11     14     36     38
Other income     25     32     61     62
   
 
 
 
Total fee and other income   $ 72   $ 79   $ 191   $ 191
   
 
 
 

        USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 79 percent and 81 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, and 82 percent and 85 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. Overall, USA Funds accounted for 38 percent of consolidated fee and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantee agencies, and general and administrative expenses associated with these businesses. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses which include centralized headquarters functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing. Our corporate overhead also includes a portion of information technology expenses related to these functions. The increase in operating expenses over the prior quarter (which includes a $14 million net settlement in the CLC lawsuit) and the year-ago quarter can primarily be attributed to expenses associated with three new subsidiaries acquired in September 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2004.

75


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

        As fee based businesses, our DMO and Corporate and Other business segments are not capital intensive businesses and as such require less debt and equity capital to meet their business plans. Therefore, the following liquidity and capital resource discussion is concentrated on our Lending business segment.

        We depend on the debt capital markets to support our business plan. We have developed deep and diverse funding sources to ensure continued access to funding now that the GSE has been dissolved. Our main source of funding is student loan securitizations where we securitized $18.5 billion in student loans in nine transactions in the nine months ended September 30, 2005, versus $29.9 billion in twelve transactions in the year-ago period. The 2005 securitization volume is more indicative of future funding needs from securitization, as the first nine months of 2004 reflects additional funding to refinance outstanding GSE debt obligations in addition to ongoing financing needs of the business. Securitizations now comprise 67 percent of our financing, versus 69 percent at September 30, 2004. Our securitizations backed by FFELP loans are unique securities in the asset-backed class as they are backed by student loans with an explicit guarantee on 100 percent of principal and interest. This guarantee is subject to servicing compliance.

        Our other sources of liquidity include our $5 billion asset-backed commercial paper program (which had $5.0 billion and $3.6 billion outstanding at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively) and our $5 billion of unsecured revolving credit facilities (on which we have never drawn), as well as unsecured corporate debt and equity security issuances.

        The following tables present the ending balances of our Managed borrowings at September 30, 2005 and 2004 and average balances and average interest rates of our Managed borrowings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. The average interest rates include derivatives that are economically hedging the underlying debt, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. (See "BUSINESS SEGMENTS—Pre-tax differences Between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP—Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities.")

 
  As of September 30,
 
  2005
  2004
 
  Ending Balance
  Ending Balance
 
  Short
Term

  Long
Term

  Total
Managed
Basis

  Short
Term

  Long
Term

  Total
Managed
Basis

GSE borrowings (unsecured)   $   $   $   $ 1,491   $ 568   $ 2,059
SLM Corp borrowings (unsecured)     4,227     35,965     40,192     2,662     28,506     31,168
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)     425     3,455     3,880     248     803     1,051
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)         44,951     44,951         30,764     30,764
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)         43,372     43,372         47,265     47,265
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4,652   $ 127,743   $ 132,395   $ 4,401   $ 107,906   $ 112,307
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30,

 
Nine months ended September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

 
GSE borrowings (unsecured)   $   % $ 4,513   2.91 % $   % $ 12,824   2.16 %
SLM Corp borrowings (unsecured)     39,302   4.13     30,663   2.46     36,746   3.72     27,056   2.06  
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)     4,250   3.47     1,030   2.52     5,186   3.17     1,081   2.48  
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)     41,338   3.90     32,036   1.81     37,627   3.43     25,966   1.58  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)     45,278   3.97     45,164   2.13     45,372   3.52     41,731   1.86  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 130,168   3.98 % $ 113,406   2.16 % $ 124,931   3.54 % $ 108,658   1.89 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

76


Unsecured On-Balance Sheet Financing Activities

        The following table presents the senior unsecured credit ratings on our debt from major rating agencies.

 
  S&P
  Moody's
  Fitch
Short-term unsecured debt   A-1   P-1   F1+
Long-term unsecured debt   A   A2   A+

        The table below presents our unsecured on-balance sheet term funding by funding source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Debt issued for the
three months ended
September 30,

  Debt issued for the
nine months ended
September 30,

  Outstanding at
September 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Convertible debentures   $   $   $   $   $ 1,991   $ 1,987
Retail notes     81     412     661     1,270     3,491     2,346
Foreign currency denominated(1)     1,151     188     2,150     4,011     6,933     4,611
Extendible notes     499         999     249     5,246     1,998
Global notes (Institutional)     3,281     1,148     4,465     5,885     20,726     16,719
Medium-term notes (Institutional)                     1,803     3,233
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 5,012   $ 1,748   $ 8,275   $ 11,415   $ 40,190   $ 30,894
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
All foreign currency denominated notes are swapped back to U.S. dollars.

        In addition to the term issuances reflected in the table above, the Company also uses its commercial paper program for short-term liquidity purposes. The average balance of commercial paper outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 was $503 million and $272 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 was $440 million and $106 million, respectively. The maximum daily amount outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 was $2.8 billion and $274 million, respectively.

Contingently Convertible Debentures

        At September 30, 2005, we have approximately $2 billion Contingently Convertible Debentures ("Co-Cos") outstanding. The Co-Cos are convertible, under certain conditions, into shares of SLM common stock at an initial conversion price of $65.98. The investors generally can only convert the debentures if the Company's common stock has appreciated for a prescribed period to 130 percent of the conversion price, which would amount to $85.77, or if we call the debentures.

        In December 2004, the Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 04-8, "The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings per Share," which requires the shares underlying the Co-Cos to be included in diluted earnings per share ("diluted EPS") computations regardless of whether the market price trigger or the conversion price has been met, using the "if-converted" accounting method, while the after-tax interest expense of the Co-Cos is added back to earnings. Diluted EPS amounts disclosed prior to December 2004 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the application of EITF No. 04-8 as it relates to the Company's $2 billion in Co-Cos issued in May 2003.

77



        The following table provides the historical effect of our Co-Cos on our common stock equivalents ("CSEs") and after-tax interest expense in connection with the retroactive implementation of EITF No. 04-8 for the 2005 and 2004 quarters:

 
   
   
  Three months ended
 
  Three months
ended
September 30,
2005

   
(in thousands)

  Year ended
December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2004

  September 30,
2004

  June 30,
2004

  March 31,
2004

CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares)     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense   $ 11,971   $ 21,405   $ 7,125   $ 5,622   $ 4,364   $ 4,294

        The table below outlines the effect of the Co-Cos on the numerators and denominators for the diluted EPS calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. The net effect of the Co-Cos on diluted EPS will vary with the period to period changes in net income of the Company.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Numerator:                          
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 424,062   $ 353,703   $ 937,178   $ 1,254,344  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes     11,971     5,622     30,887     14,280  
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted   $ 436,033   $ 359,325   $ 968,065   $ 1,268,624  
   
 
 
 
 

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic EPS     417,235     435,764     419,205     439,430  
Effect of dilutive securities:                          
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     11,251     8,379     11,705     8,581  
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312  
   
 
 
 
 
Dilutive potential common shares     41,563     38,691     42,017     38,893  
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted EPS     458,798     474,455     461,222     478,323  
   
 
 
 
 

Net earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Basic EPS   $ 1.02   $ .81   $ 2.24   $ 2.85  
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     (.03 )   (.01 )   (.06 )   (.05 )
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     (.04 )   (.04 )   (.08 )   (.15 )
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ .95   $ .76   $ 2.10   $ 2.65  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
For the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 50 million shares and 4 million shares, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 19 million shares and 4 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

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Securitization Activities

Securitization Program

        The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on-balance sheet.

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans     $   $   % 2   $ 4,500   $ 64   1.4 %
Consolidation Loans                          
Private Education Loans                          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales         $   % 2     4,500   $ 64   1.4 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                                  
Consolidation Loans   3     7,276             1     2,210            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   3     7,276             1     2,210            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   3   $ 7,276             3   $ 6,710            
   
 
           
 
           
 
  Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   2   $ 3,530   $ 50   1.4 % 4   $ 10,002   $ 134   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   2     2,535     241   9.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   5     9,046   $ 312   3.4 % 6     12,537   $ 375   3.0 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans   4     9,502             5     13,224            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   4     9,502             6     17,410            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   9   $ 18,548             12   $ 29,947            
   
 
           
 
           

        The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transactions is primarily impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized, improved funding spreads, and a decrease in the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") assumption used in the calculation of the 2005 gains on sale.

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Liquidity Risk

        With the dissolution of the GSE, our long-term funding, credit spread and liquidity exposure to the corporate and asset-backed capital markets has increased significantly. A major disruption in the fixed income capital markets that limits our ability to raise funds or significantly increases the cost of those funds could have a material impact on our ability to acquire student loans, or on our results of operations. Going forward, securitizations will continue to be the primary source of long-term financing. Our securitizations are structured such that we do not provide any material level of financial, credit or liquidity support to any of the trusts. Our exposure is limited to the recovery of the Retained Interest asset on the balance sheet for off-balance sheet securitizations. While all of our Retained Interests are subject to some prepayment risk, Retained Interests from our FFELP Stafford securitizations have significant prepayment risk primarily arising from borrowers opting to consolidate their Stafford loans. When consolidation activity is higher than projected, the increase in prepayment could materially impair the value of our Retained Interest.

Retained Interest in Off-Balance Sheet Securitized Loans

        The following table summarizes the fair value of our Retained Interests along with the underlying student loans that relate to those securitizations that were treated as sales.

 
  As of September 30, 2005
  As of December 31, 2004
 
  Retained
Interest
Fair
Value

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan
Balance

  Retained
Interest
Fair
Value

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan
Balance

FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 782   $ 20,435   $ 1,037   $ 27,444
Consolidation Loans(1)     597     10,677     585     7,393
Private Education Loans     951     7,529     694     6,309
   
 
 
 
Total(2)   $ 2,330   $ 38,641   $ 2,316   $ 41,146
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes $265 million and $399 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. The decrease in the fair value of Embedded Floor Income is due to rising interest rates during the period.

(2)
Unrealized gains (pre-tax) included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Retained Interests totaled $429 million and $445 million as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.

Servicing and Securitization Revenue

        Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest asset and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.

80



        The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Servicing revenue   $ 79   $ 86   $ 250   $ 239  
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     68     66     203     168  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     147     152     453     407  
Embedded Floor Income     19     56     69     200  
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation     (11 )   (37 )   (50 )   (127 )
   
 
 
 
 
Net Embedded Floor Income     8     19     19     73  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment     155     171     472     480  
Retained Interest impairment     (171 )   (12 )   (195 )   (61 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total servicing and securitization revenue   $ (16 ) $ 159   $ 277   $ 419  
   
 
 
 
 
Average off-balance sheet student loans   $ 40,742   $ 42,230   $ 42,137   $ 39,787  
   
 
 
 
 
Average balance of Retained Interest   $ 2,530   $ 2,397   $ 2,476   $ 2,435  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized)     (.16 )%   1.49 %   .88 %   1.41 %
   
 
 
 
 

        Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans. Servicing and securitization revenue can also be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. When FFELP Stafford loans in a securitization trust consolidate, they are a prepayment to the trust resulting in a shorter average life. We use a CPR assumption to estimate the effect of trust prepayments from loan consolidation and other factors on the life of the trust. When consolidation activity is higher than forecasted, the Residual Interest asset can be impaired and the yield used to recognize subsequent income from the trust is negatively impacted. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust.

        For the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $171 million and $12 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $195 million and $61 million, respectively. These impairment charges were primarily the result of continued record levels of consolidation activity and an increase in future CPR assumptions used to value the Residual Interest, which reflects our view that there will be continued strong demand for Consolidation Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, FFELP Stafford loans prepaid faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications received in the second quarter of 2005 that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity was due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we will continue to review and, if necessary, revise our

81



estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests. We updated our FFELP Stafford CPR assumptions in the third quarter of 2005 as follows:

Year

  As of
September 30,
2005

  As of
December 31,
2004

 
2005   30 % 20 %
2006   20 % 15 %
2007   15 % 6 %
Thereafter   10 % 6 %

        In 2004, our Retained Interests were also impaired by the effect of higher market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity remains highly volatile which may result in an additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Asset and Liability Funding Gap

        The tables below present our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of September 30, 2005. The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding gap, which represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude. In the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges (those derivatives which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to in the gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities).

Index

  Frequency of
Variable Resets

  Assets
  Funding(1)
  Funding
Gap

 
(Dollars in billions)
   
   
   
   
 
3 month commercial paper   daily   $ 59.4   $   $ 59.4  
3 month Treasury bill   weekly     9.7     .3     9.4  
Prime   annual     1.0         1.0  
Prime   quarterly     1.4         1.4  
Prime   monthly     5.7         5.7  
PLUS Index   annual     2.8         2.8  
3-month LIBOR   daily              
3-month LIBOR   quarterly     1.6     72.9     (71.3 )
1-month LIBOR   monthly         2.5     (2.5 )
CMT/CPI index   monthly/quarterly         1.9     (1.9 )
Non discreet reset(2)   monthly         8.2     (8.2 )
Non discreet reset(3)   daily/weekly     4.2         4.2  
Fixed Rate(4)         10.5     10.5      
       
 
 
 
Total       $ 96.3   $ 96.3   $  
       
 
 
 

(1)
Includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133.

(2)
Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.

(3)
Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments including commercial paper program.

(4)
Includes receivables/payables, other assets (including retained interest), other liabilities and stockholders' equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).

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        The funding gaps in the above table are primarily interest rate mismatches in short term indices between our assets and liabilities. We address this issue primarily through the use of basis swaps that convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices. These basis swaps generally do not qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 and as a result are not included in our interest margin and are therefore excluded from the GAAP presentation.

        In addition to the GAAP basis, management analyzes interest rate risk on a Managed Basis, which consists of both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets and liabilities and includes all derivatives that are economically hedging our debt whether they qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 or not. Accordingly, we are also presenting the asset and liability funding gap on a Managed basis in the table that follows the GAAP presentation.

Index

  Frequency of
Variable Resets

  Assets
  Funding(5)
  Funding
Gap

 
(Dollars in billions)
   
   
   
   
 
3 month commercial paper   daily   $ 79.3   $ 16.4   $ 62.9  
3 month Treasury bill   weekly     20.1     19.4     .7  
Prime   annual     1.0         1.0  
Prime   quarterly     7.3     5.5     1.8  
Prime   monthly     6.4     1.2     5.2  
PLUS Index   annual     4.5     4.6     (.1 )
3-month LIBOR   daily         65.8     (65.8 )
3-month LIBOR   quarterly     1.5     5.2     (3.7 )
1-month LIBOR   monthly     .1     2.5     (2.4 )
Non discreet reset(6)   monthly         8.5     (8.5 )
Non discreet reset(7)   daily/weekly     9.0         9.0  
Fixed Rate(8)         9.3     9.4     (.1 )
       
 
 
 
Total       $ 138.5   $ 138.5   $  
       
 
 
 

(5)
Includes all derivatives that management considers economic hedges of interest rate risk and reflects how we internally manage our interest rate exposure.

(6)
Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.

(7)
Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments.

(8)
Includes receivables/payables, other assets, other liabilities and stockholders' equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).

        To the extent possible we generally fund our assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that has the same underlying index (index type and index reset frequency). When it is more economical, we also fund our assets with debt that has a different index and/or reset frequency than the asset, but only in instances where we believe there is a high degree of correlation between the interest rate movement of the two indices. For example, we use daily reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a large portion of our daily reset 3-month commercial paper indexed assets. In addition, we use quarterly reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a portion of our quarterly reset Prime rate indexed Private Education Loans. We also use our monthly non discreet reset funding (see note 6 in the above table) to primarily fund Treasury bill and commercial paper indexed student loans. In using different index types and different index reset frequencies to fund our assets, we are exposed to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices that may reset at different frequencies will not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude. We believe that this risk is low as all of these

83


indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a long period of time. We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives.

        When compared with the GAAP presentation the Managed Basis presentation includes all of our off-balance sheet assets and funding, and also includes basis swaps that primarily convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices.

Interest Rate Gap Analysis

        In the table below, the Company's variable rate assets and liabilities are categorized by reset date of the underlying index. Fixed rate assets and liabilities are categorized based on their maturity dates. An interest rate gap is the difference between volumes of assets and volumes of liabilities maturing or repricing during specific future time intervals. The following gap analysis reflects rate-sensitive positions at September 30, 2005 and is not necessarily reflective of positions that existed throughout the period.

 
  Interest Rate Sensitivity Period
 
 
  3 months
or less

  3 months
to
6 months

  6 months
to
1 year

  1 to 2
years

  2 to 5
years

  Over
5 years

 
Assets                                      
Student loans   $ 78,105   $ 108   $ 3,336   $ 10   $ 64   $ 3  
Other loans     205     43     84     14     13     735  
Cash and investments, including restricted     4,374     125     180     160     1,130     511  
Other assets     1,865     110     221     281     564     4,079  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets     84,549     386     3,821     465     1,771     5,328  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                                      
Short-term borrowings     4,132         520              
Long-term borrowings     60,453     25         1,488     10,469     12,064  
Other liabilities     486                     2,845  
Minority interest in subsidiaries                         14  
Stockholders' equity                         3,824  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity     65,071     25     520     1,488     10,469     18,747  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period gap before adjustments     19,478     361     3,301     (1,023 )   (8,698 )   (13,419 )

Adjustments for Derivatives and
Other Financial Instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps     (17,588 )   2,050     (5,195 )   99     8,675     11,959  
Impact of securitized student loans     (1,954 )       1,954              
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total derivatives and other financial instruments     (19,542 )   2,050     (3,241 )   99     8,675     11,959  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period gap   $ (64 ) $ 2,411   $ 60   $ (924 ) $ (23 ) $ (1,460 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative gap   $ (64 ) $ 2,347   $ 2,407   $ 1,483   $ 1,460   $  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of interest-sensitive assets to interest-sensitive liabilities     128.0 %   1,104.0 %   692.3 %   12.4 %   11.5 %   10.3 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of cumulative gap to total assets     (.1 )%   2.4 %   2.5 %   1.5 %   1.5 %   %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

84


Weighted Average Life

        The following table reflects the weighted average life for our Managed earning assets and liabilities at September 30, 2005.

(Averages in years)

  On-Balance
Sheet

  Off-Balance
Sheet

  Managed
Earning assets            
Student loans   9.3   4.7   8.9
Other loans   7.6     7.6
Cash and investments   1.5   .1   .8
   
 
 
Total earning assets   8.7   4.1   8.2
   
 
 

Borrowings

 

 

 

 

 

 
Short-term borrowings   .5     .5
Long-term borrowings   7.1   4.7   6.3
   
 
 
Total borrowings   6.7   4.7   6.1
   
 
 

        The longer average life for student loans on-balance sheet versus off-balance sheet is due to the higher percentage of Consolidation Loans on-balance sheet plus the higher percentage of loans in-school.

        Long-term debt issuances likely to be called have been categorized according to their call dates rather than their maturity dates. Long-term debt issuances which are putable by the investor are categorized according to their put dates rather than their maturity dates.

85


COMMON STOCK

        The following table summarizes our common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
September 30,

  Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(Shares in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Common shares repurchased:                          
  Open market                 .5  
  Equity forwards     2.9     11.4     9.4     24.8  
  Benefit plans(1)     .5     .1     1.0     1.0  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total shares repurchased     3.4     11.5     10.4     26.3  
   
 
 
 
 
  Average purchase price per share   $ 50.12   $ 38.91   $ 49.67   $ 36.21  
   
 
 
 
 
Common shares issued     1.8     1.8     5.3     7.9  
   
 
 
 
 
Equity forward contracts:                          
  Outstanding at beginning of period     51.7     47.2     42.8     43.5  
  New contracts     1.4     12.3     16.8     29.4  
  Exercises     (2.9 )   (11.4 )   (9.4 )   (24.8 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Outstanding at end of period     50.2     48.1     50.2     48.1  
   
 
 
 
 
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards(2)     19.0     8.4     19.0     8.4  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

(2)
In October 2004, the Board authorized an additional 30 million shares for repurchase.

        As of September 30, 2005, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:

Year of maturity

  Outstanding
contracts

  Range of
purchase prices

  Average
purchase price

 
  (Shares in millions)

   
   
2007   9.5   $50.47   $ 50.47
2008   7.9     50.47     50.47
2009   16.0     50.47     50.47
2010   16.8   47.09 – 51.22     48.76
   
     
    50.2       $ 49.90
   
     

        The closing price of the Company's common stock on September 30, 2005 was $53.64.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Higher Education Act Reauthorization

        The relevant committees of the House and Senate have each passed bills to reauthorize the Higher Education Act ("HEA"). We anticipate that each of these bills will eventually be moved to the floor of each body for approval, with a House/Senate conference then negotiating the terms of the final law. Depending on whether the current budget reconciliation process stands, final passage of HEA reauthorization could take place as part of budget reconciliation, or as a stand-alone bill.

        The House Education and the Workforce Committee originally reported its HEA reauthorization bill, H.R. 609, in July. We provided a summary of that bill's major provisions in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2005. The July mark-up took place in the context of a reconciliation budget instruction to the Committee of $12.6 billion in savings for all areas in its jurisdiction, which was part of an overall entitlement savings goal of $35 billion. However, as part of an effort to achieve additional spending cuts, the House Education and Workforce Committee met on October 26, 2005, and reported legislation to achieve total savings of $20 billion, of which $14.5 billion comes from the student loan programs. In addition to the savings from H.R. 609, the House budget legislation includes the following provisions:

        The House budget legislation, known as "reconciliation," is likely to be considered by the full House during the week of November 7th.

        On November 3, 2005, the Senate passed its version of the omnibus budget reconciliation bill, which included HEA reauthorization. The Senate HEA provisions share some provisions with the House bill, but also differed in a number of important ways. The major provisions of the Senate bill affecting Sallie Mae are as follows:

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88


Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

        The effect of short-term movements in interest rates on our results of operations and financial position has been limited through our interest rate risk management. The following tables summarize the effect on earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 and the effect on fair values at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remain constant.

 
  Three months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Interest Rates:
  Interest Rates:
 
 
  Change from
increase of
100 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
100 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis
points

 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Earnings                                          
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities(1)   $ 2   1 % $ (8 ) (5 )% $ 14   6 % $ 44   19 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities     243   60     437   107     268   118     576   254  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in net income before taxes   $ 245   42 % $ 429   74 % $ 282   62 % $ 620   137 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share   $ .35   37 % $ .62   65 % $ .387   51 % $ .857   113 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Interest Rates:
  Interest Rates:
 
 
  Change from
increase of
100 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
100 basis
points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis
points

 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Earnings                                          
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities(1)   $ 16   2 % $ 24   2 % $ 23   3 % $ 111   12 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities     243   50     437   90     268   30     576   65  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in net income before taxes   $ 259   18 % $ 461   31 % $ 291   16 % $ 687   38 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share   $ .38   18 % $ .70   33 % $ .409   15 % $ .979   37 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
"Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities" includes stress of Series B Preferred Stock.

89


 
  At September 30, 2005
 
 
   
  Interest Rates:
 
 
   
  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions)

  Fair
Value

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Fair Values                            
Assets                            
  Student loans   $ 84,665   $ (260 ) % $ (472 ) (1 )%
  Other earning assets     7,614     (62 ) (1 )   (179 ) (2 )
  Other assets     7,120     (422 ) (6 )   (600 ) (8 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 99,399   $ (744 ) (1 )% $ (1,251 ) (1 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Interest bearing liabilities   $ 89,384   $ (1,451 ) (2 )% $ (3,635 ) (4 )%
  Other liabilities     3,331     816   25     2,558   77  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities   $ 92,715   $ (635 ) (1 )% $ (1,077 ) (1 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2004

 
 
   
  Interest Rates:
 
 
   
  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions)

  Fair
Value

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Fair Values                            
Assets                            
  Student loans   $ 67,431   $ (315 ) % $ (636 ) (1 )%
  Other earning assets     10,285     (120 ) (1 )   (333 ) (3 )
  Other assets     7,878     (652 ) (8 )   (1,154 ) (15 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 85,594   $ (1,087 ) (1 )% $ (2,123 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Interest bearing liabilities   $ 78,295   $ (1,202 ) (2 )% $ (3,356 ) (4 )%
  Other liabilities     2,798     276   10     1,503   54  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities   $ 81,093   $ (926 ) (1 )% $ (1,853 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 

        A primary objective in our funding is to minimize our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt. However, as discussed under "NET INTEREST INCOME—Student Loans—On-Balance Sheet Floor Income," in the current low interest rate environment, we can have a fixed versus floating mismatch in funding if the student loan earns at the fixed borrower rate and the funding remains floating.

        During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, certain FFELP student loans were earning Floor Income and we locked in a portion of that Floor Income through the use of futures and Floor Income Contracts. The result of these hedging transactions was to convert a portion of the fixed rate nature of student loans to variable rate, and to fix the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the variable rate liability.

        In the above table, under the scenario where interest rates increase 100 and 300 basis points, the change in pre-tax net income before the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities is primarily due to the impact of (i) our off-balance sheet hedged Consolidation Loan securitizations and

90



the related Embedded Floor Income recognized as part of the gain on sale, which results in no change in the Embedded Floor Income as a result of the increase in rates but does result in a decrease in payments on the written Floor contracts (ii) our unhedged on-balance sheet loans not currently having significant Floor Income due to the recent increase in interest rates, which results in these loans being more variable rate in nature and (iii) a portion of our fixed rate assets being funded with variable debt. The first two items together will generally cause income to increase when interest rates increase from a low interest rate environment, whereas, the third item will offset this increase. In the 300 basis point scenario for the three months ended September 30, 2005 the first two items had little impact allowing the third item to cause a net decrease in income.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of September 30, 2005. Based on this evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management, concluded that, as of September 30, 2005, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2005 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

        The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sought to represent a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid "undisclosed improper and excessive" late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of one thousand five hundred dollars per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court's decision granting our motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' amended compliant. Plaintiffs have appealed the Superior Court's December 27, 2004 dismissal order to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. All appellate briefing has been completed. The Company believes that it will prevail on the merits of this case if it becomes necessary to further litigate this matter.

        We are also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of our reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in our debt management operation group are named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that we have violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 2.    Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        The following table summarizes the Company's common share repurchases during the third quarter of 2005 pursuant to the stock repurchase program first authorized in September 1997 by the Board of Directors. Since the inception of the program, which has no expiration date, the Board of Directors has authorized the purchase of up to 307.5 million shares as of September 30, 2005.

(Common shares in millions)

  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)

  Average Price
Paid per
Share

  Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

  Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs(2)

Period:                  
July 1 – July 31, 2005   3.0   $ 50.48   3.0   20.5
August 1 – August 31, 2005   .3     46.86   .3   19.0
September 1 – September 30, 2005   .1     49.94   .1   19.0
   
 
 
   
Total third quarter   3.4   $ 50.12   3.4    
   
 
 
   

(1)
The total number of shares purchased includes: i) shares purchased under the stock repurchase program discussed above, and ii) shares purchased in connection with the exercise of stock options and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs (which combined totaled .5 million shares for the third quarter of 2005).

(2)
Reduced by outstanding equity forward contracts.

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Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

        Nothing to report.

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        Nothing to report.

Item 5.    Other Information

        Nothing to report.

Item 6.    Exhibits

        The following exhibits are furnished or filed, as applicable:

10.23   Employment Agreement between Registrant and Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, President and Chief Executive Officer, effective as of June 1, 2005
31.1   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


 

 

SLM CORPORATION
(Registrant)

 

 

By:

/s/  
C. E. ANDREWS      
C. E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance,
Accounting and Risk Management
(Principal Accounting Officer and
Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: November 8, 2005

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SLM CORPORATION FORM 10-Q INDEX September 30, 2005
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands)
SLM CORPORTION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Information at September 30, 2005 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 is unaudited) (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
SIGNATURES

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Exhibit 10.23


EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

        THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into by and between Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia ("Executive"), and SLM Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware ("Company").

        WHEREAS, Mr. Albert L. Lord has expressed his wishes to retire as Chief Executive Officer of the Company; and

        WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company ("Board of Directors") has observed the performance of Executive in increasing responsibilities over the past seven years, as Executive Vice President for private credit lending, as President and Chief Marketing Officer and most recently as President and Chief Operating Officer; and

        WHEREAS, Executive has exceeded the performance expectations set for him in each of his roles and has exhibited the leadership and competence necessary for the President and Chief Executive Officer position; and

        WHEREAS, the Board of Directors wishes to retain Executive and obtain his commitment to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on the terms set forth herein;

        NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations contained herein, and intending to be legally bound, the parties, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, agree as follows:

        1.     2002 Employment Agreement. This Agreement supersedes the employment agreement entered into by and between Executive and the Company dated January 1, 2002, (the "2002 Employment Agreement"), with the following exception: the provisions of the 2002 Employment Agreement with respect to stock-based compensation, (i.e. Sections 6, 7, and 8), survive and remain in force with respect to stock-based compensation awarded pursuant to the 2002 Employment Agreement, except that: (i) the events upon which vesting and exercisability of such stock-based compensation is forfeited or accelerated (death, Disability, termination of employment by the Company Without Cause or for Cause, termination of employment by Executive for Good Reason, and Change in Control) shall be as defined in this Agreement; and (ii) the provision with respect to the Distribution of Vested Stock Units (section 7.3) shall be superseded by Section 8.3 of this Agreement.

        2.     Employment and Term. Executive hereby agrees to be employed beginning June 1, 2005 as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Company hereby agrees to retain Executive as President and Chief Executive Officer. Executive's employment under this Agreement may be maintained through Sallie Mae, Inc. ("Sallie Mae") or another wholly owned subsidiary of the Company used to employ Company executives, and in such case any reference in this Agreement to employment or termination of employment with the Company shall be deemed to include employment or termination of employment with Sallie Mae or such other subsidiary. The term of Executive's employment as President and Chief Executive Officer under this Agreement (the "Term") shall be the period commencing on June 1, 2005 and ending on May 31, 2008. The Term may be extended for two additional one-year terms provided that both parties to the Agreement elect to do so under the Confirmation of Extension process set forth in Section 29.

        3.     Duties. During the Term, Executive shall have the titles of President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and President and Chief Executive Officer of Sallie Mae. Executive agrees to assume such duties and responsibilities as may be reasonably assigned to Executive from time to time

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by the Board of Directors, including as President and Chief Executive Officer of other Company subsidiaries.

        4.     Other Business Activities. Executive shall serve the Company faithfully and to the best of his ability with due loyalty and care and shall devote his full time, attention, skill and efforts to the performance of the duties required by or appropriate for his position as President and Chief Executive Officer. In furtherance of the foregoing, and not by way of limitation, for so long as he remains President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Executive shall not directly or indirectly engage in any other business activities or pursuits, except for (a) those arising from positions held as of March 17, 2005 as a director or otherwise with charitable or business organizations, as identified by Executive to the Board of Directors, and (b) with prior notice to the Chairman of the Board of Directors (or, in the case Executive then serves as Chairman, to the Nominations and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors), activities in connection with (i) service as a volunteer, officer or director or in a similar capacity of any charitable or civic organization, (ii) managing personal investments, and (iii) serving as a director, executor, trustee or in another similar fiduciary capacity for a non-commercial entity; provided, however, that any such activities do not materially interfere with Executive's performance of his responsibilities and obligations pursuant to this Agreement. Executive may engage in any other business activity or pursuit, directly or indirectly, including serving as a director for any commercial entity, with approval of the Board of Directors.

        5.     Base Salary. The Company shall pay Executive a salary at the annual rate of $750,000 (the "Base Salary"). The Base Salary shall be inclusive of all applicable income, Social Security and other taxes and charges which are required by law or requested to be withheld by Executive and which shall be withheld and paid in accordance with the Company's normal payroll practice for its similarly situated executives as in effect from time to time. The Compensation and Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee") in its discretion may review Executive's salary for purposes of determining whether to pay a salary in excess of Base Salary during the Term, but shall have no obligation to increase Executive's Base Salary based upon any such review.

        6.     Annual Incentive Compensation. Executive shall participate in the Company's annual incentive compensation program(s) for executive officers as provided in the SLM Corporation Incentive Plan as such may be amended from time to time (the "Incentive Plan"), subject to the limitations and conditions set forth therein or in any successor plan. For the 2005 bonus plan, Executive shall be eligible for a bonus equal to up to three and one-half (3.5) times his salary at the rate paid for 2005 prior to June 1, 2005, pro-rated for the portion of the year he serves as President and Chief Operating Officer, and for a bonus equal to up to four (4) times his Base Salary, pro-rated for the portion of the year he serves as President and Chief Executive Officer.

        7.     Stock Options. Executive shall be granted stock options under which he may purchase up to a total of two million, three hundred thousand (2,300,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Options") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of stock options provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Options shall not qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").

2


3


        8.     Restricted Stock Units. Executive shall be granted restricted stock units representing the right to acquire up to a total of two hundred thousand (200,000) shares of Company common stock (the "Stock Units") subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and, to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, to the terms and conditions of restricted stock units provided generally to Company executive officers. The Stock Units represent an unfunded and unsecured

4


obligation of the Company and shall not be transferable and shall not be pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated.

        9.     Stock Price Performance and Other Terms of Stock-Based Compensation.

5


        10.   Other Benefits.

6


7


        11.   Nondisclosure of Confidential Information.

8


        12.   Agreement Not to Compete.

9


        13.   Termination. Executive's employment hereunder may be terminated during the Term upon the occurrence of any one of the events described in this Section 13. Upon termination, Executive shall be entitled only to such compensation and benefits as described in this Section 13.

10


11


12


13


        14.   Other Agreements. Executive represents and warrants to the Company that:

        15.   Survival of Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement, including without limitation those set forth in Sections 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 26, 27 and 28 hereof, shall survive the termination of Executive's employment hereunder and the payment of all amounts payable and delivery of all post-termination compensation and benefits pursuant to this Agreement incident to any such termination of employment.

        16.   Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and its successors or permitted assigns and Executive and his executors, administrators or heirs. The Company shall require any successor or successors expressly to assume the obligations of the Company under this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term "successor" shall include the ultimate parent corporation of any corporation involved in a merger, consolidation, or reorganization with or including the Company that results in the stockholders of the Company immediately before such merger, consolidation or reorganization owning, directly or indirectly, immediately following such merger, consolidation or reorganization, securities of another corporation, regardless of whether any such merger, consolidation or reorganization is deemed to constitute a Change in Control for purposes of this Agreement. Executive may not assign any obligations or responsibilities under this Agreement or any interest herein, by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Company. At any time prior to a Change in Control, Company may provide, without the prior written consent of Executive, that Executive shall be employed pursuant to this Agreement by any of its Affiliates instead of or in addition to Sallie Mae or Company, and in such case all references herein to the "Company" shall be deemed to include any such entity, provided that (i) such action shall not relieve Company of its obligation to make or cause an Affiliate to make or provide for any payment to or on behalf of Executive pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) Executive's duties and responsibilities shall not be significantly diminished as a result thereof. The Board of Directors may assign any or all of its responsibilities hereunder to any committee of the Board of Directors, in which case references to Board of Directors shall be deemed to refer to such committee.

        17.   Executive Benefits. This Agreement shall not be construed to be in lieu of or to the exclusion of any other rights, benefits and privileges to which Executive may be entitled as an executive of Company under any retirement, pension, profit-sharing, insurance, hospitalization or other plans or benefits which may now be in effect or which may hereafter be adopted.

14



        18.   Board of Directors Service. Subject to re-election by a vote of stockholders, Executive shall continue to serve on the Board of Directors through the Term and shall offer to tender his resignation from the Board of Directors upon expiration of the Term, or upon any earlier termination of his employment, which resignation may or may not be accepted.

        19.   Notices. All notices required to be given to any of the parties of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, subject to the further provisions of this Section 18, for all purposes when presented personally to such party, or sent by facsimile transmission, any national overnight delivery service, or certified or registered mail, to such party at its address set forth below:

Such notice shall be deemed to be received when delivered if delivered personally, upon electronic or other confirmation of receipt if delivered by facsimile transmission, the next business day after the date sent if sent by a national overnight delivery service, or three (3) business days after the date mailed if mailed by certified or registered mail. Any notice of any change in such address shall also be given in the manner set forth above. Whenever the giving of notice is required, the giving of such notice may be waived in writing by the party entitled to receive such notice.

        20.   Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and any other documents, instruments or other writings delivered or to be delivered in connection with this Agreement as specified herein constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, and negotiations, whether written or oral, with respect to the terms of Executive's employment by Company. This Agreement may be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by all parties hereto.

        21.   Waiver. The waiver of the breach of any term or provision of this Agreement shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach of this Agreement.

        22.   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed and construed as to its validity, interpretation and effect by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

        23.   Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement or such provisions, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

        24.   Section Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are for convenience only; they form no part of this Agreement and shall not affect its interpretation.

15



        25.   Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

        26.   Specific Enforcement; Extension of Period. Executive acknowledges that the restrictions contained in Sections 11 and 12 hereof are reasonable and necessary to protect the legitimate interests of Company and its Affiliates, that Company would not have entered into this Agreement in the absence of such restrictions, and the Company through this Agreement has provided adequate consideration for the restrictions contained in Sections 11 and 12. Executive also acknowledges that any breach by him of Sections 11 or 12 hereof will cause continuing and irreparable injury to Company for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy. Executive shall not, in any action or proceeding by Company to enforce Sections 11 or 12 of this Agreement, assert the claim or defense that an adequate remedy at law exists. In the event of such breach by Executive, Company shall have the right to enforce the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 of this Agreement by seeking injunctive or other relief in any court, and this Agreement shall not in any way limit remedies at law or in equity otherwise available to Company. In the event that the provisions of Sections 11 or 12 hereof should ever be adjudicated to exceed the time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law in any applicable jurisdiction, then such provisions shall be deemed reformed in such jurisdiction to the maximum time, geographic, or other limitations permitted by applicable law.

        27.   Section 409A. Executive and the Company agree to cooperate to make such amendments to the terms of this Agreement as may be necessary to avoid the imposition of penalties and additional taxes under Section 409A of the Code; provided however, that the parties agree that any such amendment shall neither materially increase the cost to, or liability of the Company under the Agreement. The Company covenants to administer the compensation provided for under this Agreement according to the terms of the Agreement and any other agreement(s) entered into pursuant hereto (including option grant and restricted stock unit grant agreements) (as this Agreement or any such agreement may be amended) and, subject to the foregoing, so as to avoid the imposition upon Executive of any additional tax under Code Section 409A(a)(1)(b) with respect to such compensation.

        28.   Arbitration. Any dispute or claim, other than those referred to in Section 26, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or otherwise relating to the employment relationship between Executive and Company (including but not limited to any claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act; the Family and Medical Leave Act; and the Employee Income Retirement Security Act) shall be submitted to Arbitration, in Fairfax County, Virginia, and except as otherwise provided in this Agreement shall be conducted in accordance with the rules of, but not under the auspices of, the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted before an arbitration tribunal comprised of three individuals, one selected by Company, one selected by Executive, and the third selected by the first two. The parties and the arbitrators selected by them shall use their best efforts to reach agreement on the identity of the tribunal within ten (10) business days of either party to this Agreement submitting to the other party a written demand for arbitration. The proceedings before the tribunal shall take place within twenty (20) business days of the selection thereof. Executive and Company agree that such arbitration will be confidential and no details, descriptions, settlements or other facts concerning such arbitration shall be disclosed or released to any third party without the specific written consent of the other party, unless required by law or court order or in connection with enforcement of any decision in such arbitration. Any damages awarded in such arbitration shall be limited to the contract measure of damages, and shall not include punitive damages. The parties shall equally divide the costs of the arbitrators, and each party shall bear his or its attorneys' fees and other costs, except that the arbitrators may specifically direct one party to bear the entire cost of the arbitration, including all attorneys' fees, if the arbitrators determine that such party acted in bad faith. Nothing in this

16



Agreement shall limit the Company's rights to reimbursement of amounts pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

        29.   Confirmation of Extension. If both parties to this Agreement give written notice to the General Counsel of the Company no later than 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on December 1, 2007 of their desire to extend the Term of the Agreement, then the Term shall extend for a one-year period until May 31, 2009, (the "First-Year Extension"). During the "First-Year Extension," Executive may elect to continue his employment in a reduced executive role and the Board of Directors shall accept such an election. If Executive continues employment in the role of Chief Executive Officer, all compensation and benefit arrangements provided for in this Agreement shall remain in force during the First-Year Extension; no additional stock-based compensation shall be provided. If Executive continues employment in a reduced executive role, both parties agree to negotiate compensation and benefit arrangements commensurate with that reduced role.

        If both parties to this Agreement give written notice to the General Counsel of the Company no later than 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on December 1, 2008 of their desire to extend the Term of the Agreement, then the Term shall extend for a one-year period until May 31, 2010, (the "Second-Year Extension"). During the "Second-Year Extension," Executive may (and if he so elected during the First-Year Extension, Executive must) elect to continue his employment in a reduced executive role and the Board of Directors shall accept such an election. Both parties agree to negotiate compensation and benefit arrangements commensurate with the Executive's role during the Second-Year Extension.

17


        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first written above.

SLM Corporation    

By:

 

/s/  
ROBERT S. LAVET      

 

/s/  
THOMAS J. FITZPATRICK      

Title:

 

Senior Vice President & General Counsel


 

 

18


Schedule A

Target Benefit Amount

Date
  Age
  Life
Annuity

01/01/2005   56   $134,000
03/31/2005   56   $142,750
12/31/2005   57   $169,000
12/31/2006   58   $208,000
12/31/2007   59   $251,000
12/31/2008   60   $300,000
12/31/2009   61   $356,000
12/31/2010   62   $422,000

Mr. Fitzpatrick's Target Benefit Amount will accrue during a year on a straight-line basis, upon the last day worked in each month. As an example, Mr. Fitzpatrick's March 31, 2005 accrued benefit is $142,750 ($35,000 × 3/12 + $134,000).

19




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EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

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Exhibit 31.1


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

    /s/  THOMAS J. FITZPATRICK      
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
November 8, 2005



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Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 31.2


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, C.E. Andrews, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

    /s/  C.E. ANDREWS      
C.E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management
November 8, 2005



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Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 32.1


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:


/s/  THOMAS J. FITZPATRICK      
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
November 8, 2005
   



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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

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Exhibit 32.2


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, C.E. Andrews, Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:


/s/  C.E. ANDREWS      
C.E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management
November 8, 2005
   



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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002