SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 20, 2005
SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
File No. 001-13251 (Commission File Number) |
52-2013874 (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
||
12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia 20190 (Address of principal executive offices) (zip code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (703) 810-3000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
On October 20, 2005, SLM Corporation issued a press release with respect to its earnings for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2005, which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K. Additional information for the quarter, which is available on the Registrant's website at www.salliemae/investor/corpreports.html, is furnished as Exhibit 99.2.
2
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
SLM CORPORATION | ||||
By: |
/s/ C.E. ANDREWS |
|||
Name: | C.E. Andrews | |||
Title: | Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management |
Dated: October 20, 2005
3
SLM CORPORATION
Form 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
---|---|---|
99.1 | Press Release dated October 20, 2005 | |
99.2 | Additional Information Available on the Registrant's Website |
4
Exhibit 99.1
SallieMae | N E W S R E L E A S E | |||
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | Media Contacts: | Investor Contacts: | ||
Tom Joyce 703/984-5610 Martha Holler 703/984-5178 |
Steve McGarry 703/984-6746 Joe Fisher 703/984-5755 |
SLM CORPORATION DELIVERS 23-PERCENT GROWTH IN PREFERRED-CHANNEL
LOAN ORIGINATIONS
Results Fueled by New Direct-to-Consumer Loan Program
RESTON, Va., Oct. 20, 2005SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, today reported third-quarter 2005 earnings and performance results that include $7.2 billion in preferred-channel loan originations, a 23-percent increase from the 2004 third quarter. Year to date, preferred-channel loan originations grew 20 percent to $16.8 billion.
Preferred-channel loan originations are loans funded by the company's internal brands and other lender partners. These loans are a key measure of Sallie Mae's market share success, and management believes that they indicate future loan acquisition volume and earnings growth.
"We had an outstanding peak loan processing period," said Tim Fitzpatrick, chief executive officer. "The company's fee-based businesses, primarily debt management services and guarantor processing, also performed well, maintaining steady growth and winning new contracts. I am delighted with the strength of our internal brands; the record growth reflects our brand strength in education."
The company's internal lending brands originated $3.4 billion in the 2005 third quarter, an 82-percent increase from the year-ago quarter. They now represent nearly half of the company's loan originations. During the third quarter 2005, the company originated $2.4 billion in private education loans, 22 percent of them through its new, direct-to-consumer loan program, Tuition Answer. At Sept. 30, 2005, the company's managed student loan portfolio was $121 billion, a 23-percent increase from $98 billion at the same time last year.
As expected, the company experienced record consolidation loan levels in the third quarter, as it continued the processing of applications received from borrowers seeking to lock in long-term, fixed interest rates in advance of a nearly two-percentage-point increase. At Sept. 30, 2005, consolidation loans made up 59 percent of the company's managed, guaranteed student loan portfolio, up from 47 percent at Sept. 30, 2004.
Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also presents certain "core earnings" performance measures that are non-GAAP financial measures. These "core earnings" measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the company's board of directors, rating agencies and investors to assess performance.
Sallie Mae reported third-quarter 2005 GAAP net income of $431 million, or $.95 per diluted share, compared to $357 million, or $.76 per diluted share, in the year-ago period. GAAP net income year to date in 2005 totaled $951 million, compared to $1.3 billion in the same period in 2004. Included in these results are accounting rule changes related to contingently convertible bonds, which reduced earnings per diluted share by $(.04) in the current quarter, $(.04) in the year-ago quarter and $(.08) and $(.15) in the first nine months of 2005 and 2004, respectively.
"Core earnings" net income for the 2005 third quarter was $312 million, up 43 percent from $219 million in the year-ago quarter. On a diluted share basis, "core earnings" net income was $.69 in third quarter 2005, compared to $.47 per diluted share in the same period last year. Included in these results were an impairment on the company's portfolio of aircraft leases, a change to the methodology for estimating recoveries in the loan loss allowance, and an update in borrower benefit estimates. These items, which total $29 million after tax, or $.06 per diluted share, are reflected in the net interest income, provisions for loan losses, and other income line items on the quarterly income statement.
Sallie Mae | | 12061 Bluemont Way | | Reston, Va 20190 | | www.SallieMae.com |
Year to date 2005, "core earnings" net income was $847 million, up 23 percent from $687 million in the same period in 2004. These results include the effect of the accounting change on contingently convertible bonds, which reduced, on a diluted share basis, "core earnings" by $(.02) in the third quarter 2005, $(.02) in the year-ago quarter and $(.06) and $(.06) in the first nine months of 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Excluding the adjustments discussed above, "core earnings" net interest income in the third quarter 2005 was $538 million, compared to the year-ago quarter's $465 million. "Core earnings" non-interest income, which includes fees earned from guarantor servicing and debt management activity, collection revenue and other servicing fees, grew 22 percent from the year-ago quarter to $246 million in the 2005 third quarter. "Core earnings" operating expenses were $271 million for the third quarter 2005.
Both a description of the "core earnings" treatment and a full reconciliation to the GAAP income statement can be found in the Supplemental Earnings Disclosure accompanying this press release, which is posted under the Investors page at www.SallieMae.com.
Total equity for the company at Sept. 30, 2005, was $3.8 billion, up from $3.7 billion at June 30, 2005. The company's tangible capital at the end of the 2005 third quarter was 2.04 percent of managed assets, compared to 2.03 percent at prior quarter end.
The company will host its quarterly earnings conference call today at noon. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company's performance. Individuals interested in participating should call the following number today, Oct. 20, 2005, starting at 11:45 a.m. EDT: (877) 356-5689 (USA and Canada) or (706) 679-0623 (International). The conference call will be replayed continuously beginning Thursday, Oct. 20, at 3:30 p.m. EDT and concluding at 11:59 p.m. EDT on Thursday, Oct. 27. Please dial (800) 642-1687 (USA and Canada) or dial (706) 645-9291 (International) and use access code 1170950. In addition, there will be a live audio Web cast of the conference call, which may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com. A replay will be available beginning 30-45 minutes after the live broadcast.
***
Forward Looking Statements:
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" including expectations as to future market share, the success of preferred channel originations and future results. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Because such statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations, and from changes in such laws and regulations, changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families, and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
***
SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, is the nation's No. 1 paying-for-college company, managing nearly $121 billion in student loans for 8 million borrowers. Sallie Mae was originally created in 1972 as a government-sponsored entity (GSE) and terminated all ties to the federal government in 2004. The company remains the country's largest originator of federally insured student loans. Through its specialized subsidiaries and divisions, Sallie Mae also provides debt management services as well as business and technical products to a range of business clients, including colleges, universities and loan guarantors. More information is available at www.SallieMae.com. SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
###
Sallie Mae | | 12061 Bluemont Way | | Reston, Va 20190 | | www.SallieMae.com |
SLM CORPORATION
Supplemental Earnings Disclosure
September 30, 2005
(Dollars in millions, except earnings per share)
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS(GAAP Basis) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 431 | $ | 297 | $ | 357 | $ | 951 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per common share(1) | $ | .95 | $ | .66 | $ | .76 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 2.65 | ||||||
Return on assets | 2.01 | % | 1.55 | % | 2.10 | % | 1.60 | % | 2.54 | % | ||||||
NON-GAAP INFORMATION(2) |
||||||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income | $ | 312 | $ | 279 | $ | 219 | $ | 847 | $ | 687 | ||||||
"Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share(1) | $ | .69 | $ | .62 | $ | .47 | $ | 1.87 | $ | 1.45 | ||||||
"Core earnings" return on assets | .94 | % | .90 | % | .77 | % | .90 | % | .85 | % | ||||||
OTHER OPERATING STATISTICS |
||||||||||||||||
Average on-balance sheet student loans | $ | 77,541 | $ | 70,580 | $ | 54,522 | $ | 71,964 | $ | 54,073 | ||||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | 40,742 | 43,791 | 42,230 | 42,137 | 39,787 | |||||||||||
Average Managed student loans | $ | 118,283 | $ | 114,371 | $ | 96,752 | $ | 114,101 | $ | 93,860 | ||||||
Ending on-balance sheet student loans, net | $ | 81,626 | $ | 72,831 | $ | 54,269 | ||||||||||
Ending off-balance sheet student loans, net | 39,008 | 43,669 | 44,070 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 120,634 | $ | 116,500 | $ | 98,339 | ||||||||||
Ending Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net | $ | 43,082 | $ | 47,126 | $ | 46,613 | ||||||||||
Ending Managed Consolidation Loans, net | 62,161 | 55,875 | 40,878 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed Private Education Loans, net | 15,391 | 13,499 | 10,848 | |||||||||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 120,634 | $ | 116,500 | $ | 98,339 | ||||||||||
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||
Impact on GAAP diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 | $ | (.04 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.04 | ) | $ | (.08 | ) | $ | (.15 | ) | |
Impact on "core earnings" diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.06 | ) | $ | (.06 | ) |
1
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||
Assets | |||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 22,353,605 | $ | 22,092,672 | $ | 16,325,850 | |||
Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $5,627; $5,313; and $5,222, respectively) | 51,193,725 | 44,640,737 | 33,170,602 | ||||||
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $193,332; $228,205; and $166,816, respectively) | 8,078,650 | 6,097,102 | 4,772,372 | ||||||
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $13,563; $12,764; and $10,786, respectively) | 1,094,464 | 962,017 | 994,754 | ||||||
Cash and investments | 3,773,014 | 3,637,936 | 7,522,134 | ||||||
Restricted cash and investments | 2,706,925 | 2,422,714 | 1,831,116 | ||||||
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans | 2,330,390 | 2,631,308 | 2,510,100 | ||||||
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net | 1,063,916 | 1,003,427 | 753,266 | ||||||
Other assets | 3,725,670 | 3,270,831 | 3,079,109 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 96,320,359 | $ | 86,758,744 | $ | 70,959,303 | |||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,652,334 | $ | 4,679,612 | $ | 4,399,495 | |||
Long-term borrowings | 84,499,739 | 75,017,121 | 61,040,160 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 3,330,763 | 3,336,943 | 2,604,904 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 92,482,836 | 83,033,676 | 68,044,559 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||||
Minority interest in subsidiaries |
13,725 |
73,330 |
14,767 |
||||||
Stockholders' equity |
|||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300; 3,300; and 3,300 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000; 4,000; and 0 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share | 565,000 | 565,000 | 165,000 | ||||||
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 488,525; 486,706; and 480,469 shares, respectively, issued | 97,705 | 97,341 | 96,094 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,107,961 | 2,035,676 | 1,805,129 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 407,768 | 473,121 | 486,944 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 3,195,034 | 2,862,730 | 1,953,719 | ||||||
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock | 6,373,468 | 6,033,868 | 4,506,886 | ||||||
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 69,927; 66,532; and 51,255 shares, respectively | 2,549,670 | 2,382,130 | 1,606,909 | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 3,823,798 | 3,651,738 | 2,899,977 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 96,320,359 | $ | 86,758,744 | $ | 70,959,303 | |||
2
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 270,444 | $ | 238,510 | $ | 188,624 | $ | 699,687 | $ | 550,122 | |||||||
Consolidation Loans | 676,820 | 554,429 | 332,982 | 1,739,670 | 932,617 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 173,467 | 126,809 | 83,303 | 429,892 | 236,505 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 21,614 | 20,046 | 18,212 | 61,813 | 54,714 | ||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 70,541 | 54,245 | 61,774 | 186,835 | 157,765 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,212,886 | 994,039 | 684,895 | 3,117,897 | 1,931,723 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 828,122 | 664,251 | 371,952 | 2,056,585 | 964,458 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 384,764 | 329,788 | 312,943 | 1,061,312 | 967,265 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 12,217 | 78,948 | 10,930 | 137,688 | 79,092 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 372,547 | 250,840 | 302,013 | 923,624 | 888,173 | ||||||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | | 262,001 | 63,590 | 311,895 | 375,384 | ||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | (16,194 | ) | 149,931 | 158,639 | 276,698 | 419,334 | |||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | (43,030 | ) | (11,747 | ) | (32,887 | ) | (56,976 | ) | (37,244 | ) | |||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 316,469 | (105,940 | ) | 73,000 | 176,278 | 342,404 | |||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 35,696 | 25,686 | 33,192 | 93,922 | 91,412 | ||||||||||||
Debt management fees | 92,727 | 82,589 | 73,631 | 261,068 | 223,672 | ||||||||||||
Collections revenue | 41,772 | 41,881 | 5,164 | 118,536 | 5,164 | ||||||||||||
Other | 74,174 | 67,495 | 91,134 | 206,187 | 222,561 | ||||||||||||
Total other income | 501,614 | 511,896 | 465,463 | 1,387,608 | 1,642,687 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 102,990 | | 102,990 | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 291,961 | 287,413 | 210,772 | 841,665 | 625,700 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 291,961 | 287,413 | 313,762 | 841,665 | 728,690 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 582,200 | 475,323 | 453,714 | 1,469,567 | 1,802,170 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 149,821 | 176,573 | 97,136 | 512,860 | 539,201 | ||||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 432,379 | 298,750 | 356,578 | 956,707 | 1,262,969 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,029 | 2,235 | | 5,458 | | ||||||||||||
Net income | 431,350 | 296,515 | 356,578 | 951,249 | 1,262,969 | ||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 7,288 | 3,908 | 2,875 | 14,071 | 8,625 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 424,062 | $ | 292,607 | $ | 353,703 | $ | 937,178 | $ | 1,254,344 | |||||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.02 | $ | .70 | $ | .81 | $ | 2.24 | $ | 2.85 | |||||||
Average common shares outstanding | 417,235 | 419,497 | 435,764 | 419,205 | 439,430 | ||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .95 | $ | .66 | $ | .76 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 2.65 | |||||||
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | 458,798 | 461,900 | 474,455 | 461,222 | 478,323 | ||||||||||||
Dividends per common share | $ | .22 | $ | .22 | $ | .19 | $ | .63 | $ | .55 | |||||||
3
SLM CORPORATION
Segment and Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
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(unaudited) |
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|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 585,984 | $ | | $ | | $ | 585,984 | $ | (315,540 | ) | $ | 270,444 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 832,893 | | | 832,893 | (156,073 | ) | 676,820 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 312,184 | | | 312,184 | (138,717 | ) | 173,467 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 21,614 | | | 21,614 | | 21,614 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 113,713 | | | 113,713 | (43,172 | ) | 70,541 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,866,388 | | | 1,866,388 | (653,502 | ) | 1,212,886 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,306,777 | | | 1,306,777 | (478,655 | ) | 828,122 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 559,611 | | | 559,611 | (174,847 | ) | 384,764 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | (180 | ) | | | (180 | ) | 12,397 | 12,217 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 559,791 | | | 559,791 | (187,244 | ) | 372,547 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 92,727 | 35,696 | 128,423 | | 128,423 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 41,772 | | 41,772 | | 41,772 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 106 | (66 | ) | 36,859 | 36,899 | 294,520 | 331,419 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 117,186 | 71,086 | 82,321 | 270,593 | 21,368 | 291,961 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 163,803 | 23,439 | (3,614 | ) | 183,628 | (33,807 | ) | 149,821 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1,029 | | 1,029 | | 1,029 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 278,908 | $ | 38,879 | $ | (6,152 | ) | $ | 311,635 | $ | 119,715 | $ | 431,350 | ||||||
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2005 |
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|
(unaudited) |
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|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 582,344 | $ | | $ | | $ | 582,344 | $ | (343,834 | ) | $ | 238,510 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 666,417 | | | 666,417 | (111,988 | ) | 554,429 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 246,948 | | | 246,948 | (120,139 | ) | 126,809 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 20,046 | | | 20,046 | | 20,046 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 78,519 | | | 78,519 | (24,274 | ) | 54,245 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,594,274 | | | 1,594,274 | (600,235 | ) | 994,039 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,078,259 | | | 1,078,259 | (414,008 | ) | 664,251 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 516,015 | | | 516,015 | (186,227 | ) | 329,788 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 14,225 | | | 14,225 | 64,723 | 78,948 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 501,790 | | | 501,790 | (250,950 | ) | 250,840 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 82,589 | 25,686 | 108,275 | | 108,275 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 41,881 | | 41,881 | | 41,881 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 36,137 | 33 | 29,243 | 65,413 | 296,327 | 361,740 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 123,803 | 66,185 | 81,414 | 271,402 | 16,011 | 287,413 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 153,226 | 21,578 | (9,800 | ) | 165,004 | 11,569 | 176,573 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 928 | 1,199 | | 2,127 | 108 | 2,235 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 259,970 | $ | 35,541 | $ | (16,685 | ) | $ | 278,826 | $ | 17,689 | $ | 296,515 | ||||||
4
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2004 |
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|
(unaudited) |
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|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 457,649 | $ | | $ | | $ | 457,649 | $ | (269,025 | ) | $ | 188,624 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 368,270 | | | 368,270 | (35,288 | ) | 332,982 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 165,225 | | | 165,225 | (81,922 | ) | 83,303 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 18,212 | | | 18,212 | | 18,212 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 72,423 | | | 72,423 | (10,649 | ) | 61,774 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,081,779 | | | 1,081,779 | (396,884 | ) | 684,895 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 616,290 | | | 616,290 | (244,338 | ) | 371,952 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 465,489 | | | 465,489 | (152,546 | ) | 312,943 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | (7,277 | ) | | | (7,277 | ) | 18,207 | 10,930 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 472,766 | | | 472,766 | (170,753 | ) | 302,013 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 73,631 | 33,192 | 106,823 | | 106,823 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 5,164 | | 5,164 | | 5,164 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 17,088 | | 45,557 | 62,645 | 290,831 | 353,476 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 102,990 | | | 102,990 | | 102,990 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 98,229 | 35,270 | 69,462 | 202,961 | 7,811 | 210,772 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 103,910 | 15,667 | 3,344 | 122,921 | (25,785 | ) | 97,136 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 184,725 | $ | 27,858 | $ | 5,943 | $ | 218,526 | $ | 138,052 | $ | 356,578 | |||||||
|
Nine months ended September 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,678,268 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,678,268 | $ | (978,581 | ) | $ | 699,687 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 2,080,287 | | | 2,080,287 | (340,617 | ) | 1,739,670 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 786,439 | | | 786,439 | (356,547 | ) | 429,892 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 61,813 | | | 61,813 | | 61,813 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 271,365 | | | 271,365 | (84,530 | ) | 186,835 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 4,878,172 | | | 4,878,172 | (1,760,275 | ) | 3,117,897 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 3,308,607 | | | 3,308,607 | (1,252,022 | ) | 2,056,585 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,569,565 | | | 1,569,565 | (508,253 | ) | 1,061,312 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 68,967 | | | 68,967 | 68,721 | 137,688 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,500,598 | | | 1,500,598 | (576,974 | ) | 923,624 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 261,068 | 93,922 | 354,990 | | 354,990 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 118,536 | | 118,536 | | 118,536 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 72,003 | | 97,733 | 169,736 | 744,346 | 914,082 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 357,466 | 200,600 | 233,226 | 791,292 | 50,373 | 841,665 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 449,599 | 66,232 | (15,381 | ) | 500,450 | 12,410 | 512,860 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,749 | 3,449 | | 5,198 | 260 | 5,458 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 763,787 | $ | 109,323 | $ | (26,190 | ) | $ | 846,920 | $ | 104,329 | $ | 951,249 | ||||||
5
|
Nine months ended September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,238,810 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,238,810 | $ | (688,688 | ) | $ | 550,122 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 984,410 | | | 984,410 | (51,793 | ) | 932,617 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 425,718 | | | 425,718 | (189,213 | ) | 236,505 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 54,714 | | | 54,714 | | 54,714 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 176,385 | | | 176,385 | (18,620 | ) | 157,765 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,880,037 | | | 2,880,037 | (948,314 | ) | 1,931,723 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,535,839 | | | 1,535,839 | (571,381 | ) | 964,458 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,344,198 | | | 1,344,198 | (376,933 | ) | 967,265 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 78,315 | | | 78,315 | 777 | 79,092 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,265,883 | | | 1,265,883 | (377,710 | ) | 888,173 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 223,672 | 91,412 | 315,084 | | 315,084 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 5,164 | | 5,164 | | 5,164 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 94,344 | | 99,889 | 194,233 | 1,128,206 | 1,322,439 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 102,990 | | | 102,990 | | 102,990 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 298,719 | 99,535 | 206,170 | 604,424 | 21,276 | 625,700 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 345,094 | 46,539 | (5,370 | ) | 386,263 | 152,938 | 539,201 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 613,424 | $ | 82,762 | $ | (9,499 | ) | $ | 686,687 | $ | 576,282 | $ | 1,262,969 | ||||||
6
SLM CORPORATION
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
(In thousands)
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(A) | $ | 311,635 | $ | 278,826 | $ | 218,526 | $ | 846,920 | $ | 686,687 | |||||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | (252,748 | ) | 107,531 | (73,801 | ) | (177,589 | ) | (19,084 | ) | ||||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | 409,082 | (10,989 | ) | 230,401 | 487,705 | 891,425 | |||||||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (54,318 | ) | (51,084 | ) | (36,424 | ) | (147,835 | ) | (121,531 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (16,108 | ) | (16,092 | ) | (7,909 | ) | (45,282 | ) | (21,590 | ) | |||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 85,908 | 29,366 | 112,267 | 116,999 | 729,220 | ||||||||||||
Net tax effect(B) | 33,807 | (11,569 | ) | 25,785 | (12,410 | ) | (152,938 | ) | |||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 119,715 | 17,797 | 138,052 | 104,589 | 576,282 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | (108 | ) | | (260 | ) | | ||||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | 119,715 | 17,689 | 138,052 | 104,329 | 576,282 | ||||||||||||
GAAP net income | $ | 431,350 | $ | 296,515 | $ | 356,578 | $ | 951,249 | $ | 1,262,969 | |||||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $ | .95 | $ | .66 | $ | .76 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 2.65 | |||||||
(A) "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .69 | $ | .62 | $ | .47 | $ | 1.87 | $ | 1.45 | |||||||
Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). In addition to evaluating the Company's GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company's business segments under certain non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as "core earnings" for each business segment, and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on "core earnings" in operating each business segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our
7
financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.
8
9
Exhibit 99.2
SLM CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
THIRD QUARTER 2005
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following supplemental information should be read in connection with SLM Corporation's (the "Company") press release of third quarter 2005 earnings, dated October 20, 2005.
Statements in this Supplemental Financial Information release that refer to expectations as to future developments are forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements contemplate risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in such laws and regulations; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families; changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services; and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the Company's 2004 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the quarters ended June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004, to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2005.
The following table presents the statements of income for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
Statements of Income
|
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 270 | $ | 239 | $ | 189 | $ | 700 | $ | 550 | |||||||||
Consolidation Loans | 677 | 554 | 333 | 1,739 | 933 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 174 | 127 | 83 | 430 | 236 | ||||||||||||||
Other loans | 22 | 20 | 18 | 62 | 55 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 70 | 54 | 62 | 187 | 158 | ||||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,213 | 994 | 685 | 3,118 | 1,932 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 829 | 664 | 372 | 2,057 | 965 | ||||||||||||||
Net interest income | 384 | 330 | 313 | 1,061 | 967 | ||||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 12 | 79 | 11 | 138 | 79 | ||||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 372 | 251 | 302 | 923 | 888 | ||||||||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | | 262 | 64 | 312 | 375 | ||||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | (16 | ) | 150 | 159 | 277 | 419 | |||||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | (43 | ) | (12 | ) | (33 | ) | (57 | ) | (37 | ) | |||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 316 | (106 | ) | 73 | 176 | 342 | |||||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 36 | 26 | 33 | 94 | 92 | ||||||||||||||
Debt management fees | 93 | 82 | 74 | 261 | 224 | ||||||||||||||
Collections revenue | 42 | 42 | 5 | 119 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 74 | 68 | 91 | 206 | 223 | ||||||||||||||
Total other income | 502 | 512 | 466 | 1,388 | 1,643 | ||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 103 | | 103 | ||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 292 | 288 | 211 | 842 | 626 | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 292 | 288 | 314 | 842 | 729 | ||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 582 | 475 | 454 | 1,469 | 1,802 | ||||||||||||||
Income taxes(1) | 150 | 176 | 97 | 513 | 539 | ||||||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 432 | 299 | 357 | 956 | 1,263 | ||||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 2 | | 5 | | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 431 | 297 | 357 | 951 | 1,263 | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 7 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 9 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 424 | $ | 293 | $ | 354 | $ | 937 | $ | 1,254 | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share(2) | $ | .95 | $ | .66 | $ | .76 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 2.65 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
(1) | Income tax expense includes the permanent tax impact of excluding gains and losses from equity forward contracts from taxable income. | ||||||||||||||||||
(2) |
Impact on GAAP diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 |
$ |
(.04 |
) |
$ |
(.02 |
) |
$ |
(.04 |
) |
$ |
(.08 |
) |
$ |
(.15 |
) |
|||
2
The following table provides the historical effect of our contingently convertible debt instruments ("Co-Cos") on our common stock equivalents ("CSEs") and after-tax interest expense in connection with the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004:
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares) | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | 30,312 | ||||||||||
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense | $ | 11,971 | $ | 10,297 | $ | 5,622 | $ | 30,887 | $ | 14,280 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Earnings Summary
Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
For the three months ended September 30, 2005, our net income of $431 million ($.95 diluted earnings per share) was a 45 percent increase over net income of $297 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005. On a pre-tax basis, third quarter of 2005 income of $582 million was a 22 percent increase over $475 million earned in the second quarter of 2005. The larger percentage increase in quarter-over-quarter, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is due to a reduction in the effective tax rate from 37 percent in the second quarter of 2005 to 26 percent in the third quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. Under the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB's") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity," we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the third quarter of 2005, we recognized an unrealized gain on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $163 million versus an unrealized gain of $10 million in the second quarter of 2005.
When comparing the pre-tax results of the third quarter to the second quarter, there were several offsetting factors, the largest of which was a $422 million increase in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive accounting hedge treatment. The third quarter derivative gains of $316 million were primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on our outstanding Floor Income Contracts that are liabilities, whereas lower forward interest rates in the second quarter resulted in a net loss on derivatives of $106 million. The $31 million increase in losses on investments versus the prior quarter is primarily due to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter, which primarily reflects the impairment of an aircraft leased to Northwest Airlines, who declared bankruptcy in September 2005.
During the third quarter, we did not complete an off-balance sheet securitization transaction and as a result there were no securitization gains in the third quarter versus gains of $262 million in the second quarter. The second quarter securitizations gains were driven by three off-balance sheet securitizations, particularly a Private Education Loan securitization that had a pre-tax gain of $231 million or 15 percent of the amount securitized. Also in the third quarter, we recorded impairment losses to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $171 million versus $15 million in the second quarter. The third quarter Retained Interest impairment losses were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005.
3
The third quarter also benefited from a change in the method under which we estimate student loans that will ultimately be recovered, which resulted in a $49 million reduction in our provisions for loan losses. In the second quarter we enhanced our methodology for estimating the allowance for loan losses and revised our estimates surrounding our non-accrual policy for interest income, which is discussed in detail at "Lending Business SegmentAllowance for Private Education Loan LossesSecond Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate." This change resulted in an increase to the provisions for loan losses of $40 million and a reduction to net interest income by $14 million in the second quarter of 2005. Also, higher average balances of student loans on-balance sheet drove an increase in net interest income before the provision for loan losses of $54 million in the third quarter versus the second quarter.
During the third quarter we acquired $8.4 billion in student loans, including $2.3 billion in Private Education Loans. In the second quarter of 2005, we acquired $7.8 billion in student loans, of which $1.3 billion were Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, we originated $7.2 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel compared to $2.8 billion originated in the second quarter of 2005.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2004
For the three months ended September 30, 2005, net income of $431 million ($.95 diluted earnings per share) was a 21 percent increase over net income of $357 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004. On a pre-tax basis, third quarter of 2005 income of $582 million was a 28 percent increase over $454 million earned in the third quarter of 2004. The larger percentage increase in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the increase in the effective tax rate from 21 percent in the third quarter of 2004 to 26 percent in the third quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. The year-over-year fluctuation in the effective tax rate was driven by an unrealized gain of $163 million on our outstanding equity forward contracts in the third quarter of 2005 versus an unrealized gain of $198 million in the third quarter of 2004.
The increase in pre-tax income in the third quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter of 2004 can primarily be attributed to a $243 million increase in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment. The increase in the 2005 gain was mainly due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on our outstanding Floor Income Contracts that are liabilities.
There were no securitization gains in the third quarter of 2005 versus $64 million in the third quarter of 2004. As discussed above, we incurred impairment losses in the third quarter of 2005 to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $171 million versus $12 million in the year-ago quarter. The third quarter Retained Interest impairments were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005.
The third quarter also benefited from a change in the method under which we estimate of the amount of charged-off student loans that will ultimately be recovered. This resulted in a $49 million reduction in our provisions for loan losses, and the higher average balance of student loans on-balance sheet that increased net interest income by $71 million.
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2004 was negatively impacted by a $103 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004, of which $1.7 billion was repurchased in the third quarter of 2004.
4
The year-over-year increase in fee income and collections revenue of $59 million is primarily due to collections revenue from Arrow Financial Services ("AFS"), acquired in September 2004. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $81 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in September 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2004: AFS, Southwest Student Services Corporation ("Southwest") and Student Loan Finance Association ("SLFA").
During the third quarter of 2005 we acquired $8.4 billion in student loans, including $2.3 billion in Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2004, we acquired $6.1 billion in student loans, of which $1.2 billion were Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, we originated $7.2 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 23 percent over the $5.9 billion originated in the third quarter of 2004.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, our net income was $951 million ($2.10 diluted earnings per share) versus net income of $1.3 billion ($2.65 diluted earnings per share) in 2004. On a pre-tax basis, income for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 decreased by 18 percent to $1.5 billion versus $1.8 billion in the first nine months of 2004. The decrease in net income from 2004 to 2005 is primarily due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 30 percent in the first nine months of 2004 to 35 percent in the first nine months of 2005, caused by unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts as described above. In the first nine months of 2005, we recognized unrealized gains on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $65 million versus unrealized gains of $335 million in the first nine months of 2004.
The decrease in pre-tax income is primarily due to a decrease in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment of $166 million. In the first nine months of 2004, we recorded a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $342 million versus a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $176 million for the same period in 2005. Also, results for the first nine months of 2005 were negatively affected by impairment losses to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $195 million versus $61 for the first nine months of 2004. This was primarily due to the third quarter of 2005 impairment of $171 million discussed above.
The year-over-year increase in fee income and collections revenue of $153 million is primarily due to collections revenue from AFS, acquired in the third quarter of 2004. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $216 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2004: AFS, Southwest and SLFA.
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 was also negatively impacted by a $103 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004, of which $1.7 billion was repurchased in the third quarter of 2004.
Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $22.3 billion, from $98.3 billion at September 30, 2004 to $120.6 billion at September 30, 2005. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $23.7 billion of student loans in the first nine months of 2005, a 31 percent increase over the $18.1 billion acquired in the first nine months of 2004. In the first nine months of 2005, we originated $16.8 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 20 percent over the $14.0 billion originated in the first nine months of 2004.
5
NET INTEREST INCOME
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income
The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||
Student loans | $ | 1,121 | $ | 920 | $ | 605 | $ | 2,869 | $ | 1,719 | ||||||
Other loans | 22 | 20 | 18 | 62 | 55 | |||||||||||
Cash and investments | 70 | 54 | 62 | 187 | 158 | |||||||||||
Taxable equivalent adjustment | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||||
Total taxable equivalent interest income | 1,214 | 995 | 686 | 3,121 | 1,937 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 829 | 664 | 372 | 2,057 | 964 | |||||||||||
Taxable equivalent net interest income | $ | 385 | $ | 331 | $ | 314 | $ | 1,064 | $ | 973 | ||||||
Average Balance Sheets
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
||||||||||
Average Assets | ||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 21,574 | 4.97 | % | $ | 20,673 | 4.63 | % | $ | 18,079 | 4.15 | % | ||||
Consolidation Loans | 48,774 | 5.51 | 43,531 | 5.11 | 32,042 | 4.13 | ||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 7,193 | 9.57 | 6,376 | 7.98 | 4,401 | 7.53 | ||||||||||
Other loans | 1,036 | 8.40 | 1,051 | 7.83 | 943 | 7.98 | ||||||||||
Cash and investments | 6,621 | 4.26 | 5,206 | 4.24 | 12,238 | 2.02 | ||||||||||
Total interest earning assets | 85,198 | 5.65 | % | 76,837 | 5.20 | % | 67,703 | 4.03 | % | |||||||
Non-interest earning assets | 6,898 | 6,627 | 6,409 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 92,096 | $ | 83,464 | $ | 74,112 | ||||||||||
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |
||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,765 | 3.95 | % | $ | 5,308 | 3.63 | % | $ | 5,813 | 2.40 | % | ||||
Long-term borrowings | 80,125 | 3.87 | 71,673 | 3.45 | 62,428 | 2.15 | ||||||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities | 84,890 | 3.87 | % | 76,981 | 3.46 | % | 68,241 | 2.17 | % | |||||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities | 3,596 | 3,309 | 3,080 | |||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 3,610 | 3,174 | 2,791 | |||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 92,096 | $ | 83,464 | $ | 74,112 | ||||||||||
Net interest margin | 1.80 | % | 1.73 | % | 1.84 | % | ||||||||||
6
|
Nine months ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||
|
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
|||||||
Average Assets | |||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 20,268 | 4.62 | % | $ | 19,876 | 3.70 | % | |||
Consolidation loans | 45,081 | 5.16 | 29,557 | 4.21 | |||||||
Private Education Loans | 6,615 | 8.69 | 4,640 | 6.81 | |||||||
Other loans | 1,061 | 7.96 | 996 | 7.69 | |||||||
Cash and investments | 6,523 | 3.86 | 11,333 | 1.89 | |||||||
Total interest earning assets | 79,548 | 5.25 | % | 66,402 | 3.90 | % | |||||
Non-interest earning assets | 6,639 | 6,479 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 86,187 | $ | 72,881 | |||||||
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |
|||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,515 | 3.72 | % | $ | 12,935 | 1.85 | % | |||
Long-term borrowings | 75,044 | 3.44 | 53,992 | 1.94 | |||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities | 79,559 | 3.46 | % | 66,927 | 1.92 | % | |||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities | 3,378 | 3,235 | |||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 3,250 | 2,719 | |||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 86,187 | $ | 72,881 | |||||||
Net interest margin | 1.79 | % | 1.96 | % | |||||||
The increase in the net interest margin in the third quarter of 2005 versus the prior quarter and the decrease in the net interest margin versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under "Student LoansStudent Loan Spread Analysis." In addition to student loan spread related items, the net interest margin in the year-ago quarter was negatively impacted by the higher average balances of lower yielding short-term investments which were being built up during 2004 as additional liquidity in anticipation of the GSE Wind-Down.
Student Loans
For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.
7
The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "Securitization ProgramServicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "Lending Business SegmentStudent Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis."
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
On-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||
Student loan yield, before Floor Income | 6.39 | % | 5.79 | % | 4.58 | % | 5.94 | % | 4.34 | % | ||||||
Floor Income | .20 | .32 | .67 | .30 | .80 | |||||||||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.65 | ) | (.63 | ) | (.60 | ) | (.65 | ) | (.56 | ) | ||||||
Offset Fees | | | (.01 | ) | | (.04 | ) | |||||||||
Borrower benefits | (.04 | ) | (.11 | ) | (.12 | ) | (.11 | ) | (.16 | ) | ||||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.16 | ) | (.15 | ) | (.11 | ) | (.15 | ) | (.13 | ) | ||||||
Student loan net yield | 5.74 | 5.22 | 4.41 | 5.33 | 4.25 | |||||||||||
Student loan cost of funds | (3.85 | ) | (3.43 | ) | (2.15 | ) | (3.43 | ) | (1.84 | ) | ||||||
Student loan spread | 1.89 | % | 1.79 | % | 2.26 | % | 1.90 | % | 2.41 | % | ||||||
Off-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income | (.23 | )% | 1.30 | % | 1.31 | % | .82 | % | 1.16 | % | ||||||
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation | .07 | .07 | .18 | .06 | .25 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | (.16 | )% | 1.37 | % | 1.49 | % | .88 | % | 1.41 | % | ||||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 77,541 | $ | 70,580 | $ | 54,522 | $ | 71,964 | $ | 54,073 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 40,742 | 43,791 | 42,230 | 42,137 | 39,787 | |||||||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 118,283 | $ | 114,371 | $ | 96,752 | $ | 114,101 | $ | 93,860 | ||||||
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting
One of the primary drivers of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004, we earned gross Floor Income of $40 million (20 basis points), $56 million (32 basis points) and $92 million (67 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for accounting hedge treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging
8
activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 totaled $38 million (19 basis points), $52 million (30 basis points) and $86 million (63 basis points), respectively.
In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarter
In the second and third quarters of 2005, we revised our method for estimating the qualification for borrower benefits and updated our estimates to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of Consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $16 million or 8 basis points and $7 million or 4 basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third and second quarters, respectively. The increase in the third quarter of 2005 spread versus the second quarter 2005 was also due to the second quarter reduction in student loan interest income of $14 million or 9 basis points to reflect a revision of our estimates surrounding our non-accrual policy for interest income that is discussed in detail at "Lending Business SegmentAllowance for Private Education Loan LossesSecond Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate."
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
The increase in the third quarter 2005 spread versus the second quarter of 2005 was also due to better funding costs primarily caused by improvements in the spreads on certain debt instruments sold in the auction rate market. The spread also benefited from the 13 percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the higher average balance of Consolidation Loans.
When compared to the year-ago quarter, the decrease in the third quarter 2005 student loan spread was also due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio.
On-Balance Sheet Floor Income
For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
Floor Income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Floor Income | $ | 40 | $ | | $ | 40 | $ | 56 | $ | | $ | 56 | $ | 92 | $ | | $ | 92 | ||||||||||
Payments on Floor Income Contracts | (38 | ) | | (38 | ) | (52 | ) | | (52 | ) | (86 | ) | | (86 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net Floor Income | $ | 2 | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 4 | $ | | $ | 4 | $ | 6 | $ | | $ | 6 | ||||||||||
Net Floor Income in basis points | 1 | | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 4 | | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
9
|
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed borrower Rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower Rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Floor Income: | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Floor Income | $ | 162 | $ | | $ | 162 | $ | 323 | $ | 2 | $ | 325 | |||||||
Payments on Floor Income Contracts | (150 | ) | | (150 | ) | (296 | ) | | (296 | ) | |||||||||
Net Floor Income | $ | 12 | $ | | $ | 12 | $ | 27 | $ | 2 | $ | 29 | |||||||
Net Floor Income in basis points | 2 | | 2 | 7 | | 7 | |||||||||||||
The decrease in the third quarter 2005 net Floor Income versus the prior and year-ago quarters is primarily due to an increase in short-term interest rates.
SECURITIZATION PROGRAM
Securitization Activity
The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
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|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitizes |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
|||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans | $ | | $ | | | % | | $ | | $ | | | % | 2 | $ | 4,500 | $ | 64 | 1.4 | % | |||||||||||
Consolidation Loans | | | | 2 | 4,011 | 31 | .8 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | | | | | 1 | 1,505 | 231 | 15.3 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationssales | | | $ | | | % | 3 | 5,516 | $ | 262 | 4.7 | % | 2 | 4,500 | $ | 64 | 1.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Asset-backed commercial paper | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidation Loans(1) | 3 | 7,276 | 1 | 2,226 | 1 | 2,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationsfinancings | 3 | 7,276 | 1 | 2,226 | 1 | 2,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizations | 3 | $ | 7,276 | 4 | $ | 7,742 | 3 | $ | 6,710 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10
|
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
|||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans | 2 | $ | 3,530 | $ | 50 | 1.4 | % | 4 | $ | 10,002 | $ | 134 | 1.3 | % | |||||||
Consolidation Loans | 2 | 4,011 | 31 | .8 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 1 | 1,505 | 231 | 15.3 | 2 | 2,535 | 241 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||
Total securitizationssales | 5 | 9,046 | $ | 312 | 3.4 | % | 6 | 12,537 | $ | 375 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||
Asset-backed commercial paper | | | 1 | 4,186 | |||||||||||||||||
Consolidation Loans(1) | 4 | 9,502 | 5 | 13,224 | |||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationsfinancings | 4 | 9,502 | 6 | 17,410 | |||||||||||||||||
Total securitizations | 9 | $ | 18,548 | 12 | $ | 29,947 | |||||||||||||||
The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transactions is primarily due to a decrease in the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") assumption used in the calculation of the gain on sale. A lower CPR lengthens the life of the trust, and, all other estimates being equal, increases its earnings. The gain was also positively impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized and improved funding spreads.
Servicing and Securitization Revenue
Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.
11
The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Servicing revenue | $ | 79 | $ | 86 | $ | 86 | $ | 250 | $ | 239 | ||||||
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 68 | 72 | 66 | 203 | 168 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 147 | 158 | 152 | 453 | 407 | |||||||||||
Embedded Floor Income | 19 | 24 | 56 | 69 | 200 | |||||||||||
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation | (11 | ) | (17 | ) | (37 | ) | (50 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||||
Net Embedded Floor Income | 8 | 7 | 19 | 19 | 73 | |||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment | 155 | 165 | 171 | 472 | 480 | |||||||||||
Retained Interest impairment | (171 | ) | (15 | ) | (12 | ) | (195 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||||
Total servicing and securitization revenue | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 150 | $ | 159 | $ | 277 | $ | 419 | |||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | $ | 40,742 | $ | 43,791 | $ | 42,230 | $ | 42,137 | $ | 39,787 | ||||||
Average balance of Retained Interest | $ | 2,530 | $ | 2,576 | $ | 2,397 | $ | 2,476 | $ | 2,435 | ||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized) | (.16 | )% | 1.37 | % | 1.49 | % | .88 | % | 1.41 | % | ||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans. Servicing and securitization revenue can also be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. When FFELP Stafford loans in a securitization trust consolidate, they are a prepayment to the trust resulting in a shorter average life. We use a CPR assumption to estimate the effect of trust prepayments from loan consolidation and other factors on the life of the trust. When consolidation activity is higher than forecasted, the Residual Interest asset can be impaired and the yield used to recognize subsequent income from the trust is negatively impacted. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. For the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $171 million, $15 million, and $12 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $195 million and $61 million, respectively. These significant third quarter impairment charges were primarily the result of continued record levels of consolidation activity as well as the Company increasing its expected future CPR assumptions used to value the Residual Interest. FFELP Stafford loans prepaid faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications received in the second quarter that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity was due to FFELP Stafford borrowers
12
locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we continue to revise our estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests. We updated our FFELP Stafford CPR assumptions in the third quarter of 2005 as follows:
Year |
As of September 30, 2005 |
As of December 31, 2004 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 30 | % | 20 | % | |
2006 | 20 | % | 15 | % | |
2007 | 15 | % | 6 | % | |
Thereafter | 10 | % | 6 | % |
In 2004, our Retained Interests were also impaired by the effect of higher market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the Debt Management Operations ("DMO") operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. These operating segments are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on "core earnings." Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
"Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating its business because "core earnings" permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance
13
indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments. Reconciliations to the Company's consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 586 | $ | | $ | | $ | 586 | $ | (316 | ) | $ | 270 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 833 | | | 833 | (156 | ) | 677 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 312 | | | 312 | (138 | ) | 174 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 22 | | | 22 | | 22 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 113 | | | 113 | (43 | ) | 70 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,866 | | | 1,866 | (653 | ) | 1,213 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,306 | | | 1,306 | (477 | ) | 829 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 560 | | | 560 | (176 | ) | 384 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | | | | | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 560 | | | 560 | (188 | ) | 372 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 93 | 36 | 129 | | 129 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | |||||||||||||
Other income | | | 36 | 36 | 295 | 331 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 117 | 72 | 82 | 271 | 21 | 292 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 164 | 23 | (4 | ) | 183 | (33 | ) | 150 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 279 | $ | 39 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 312 | $ | 119 | $ | 431 | ||||||
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 582 | $ | | $ | | $ | 582 | $ | (343 | ) | $ | 239 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 667 | | | 667 | (113 | ) | 554 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 247 | | | 247 | (120 | ) | 127 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 20 | | | 20 | | 20 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 78 | | | 78 | (24 | ) | 54 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,594 | | | 1,594 | (600 | ) | 994 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,078 | | | 1,078 | (414 | ) | 664 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 516 | | | 516 | (186 | ) | 330 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 14 | | | 14 | 65 | 79 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 502 | | | 502 | (251 | ) | 251 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 82 | 26 | 108 | | 108 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 36 | | 29 | 65 | 297 | 362 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 124 | 66 | 81 | 271 | 17 | 288 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 153 | 22 | (10 | ) | 165 | 11 | 176 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | 2 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 260 | $ | 35 | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 279 | $ | 18 | $ | 297 | ||||||
14
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 458 | $ | | $ | | $ | 458 | $ | (269 | ) | $ | 189 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 368 | | | 368 | (35 | ) | 333 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 165 | | | 165 | (82 | ) | 83 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 18 | | | 18 | | 18 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 73 | | | 73 | (11 | ) | 62 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,082 | | | 1,082 | (397 | ) | 685 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 616 | | | 616 | (244 | ) | 372 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 466 | | | 466 | (153 | ) | 313 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | (7 | ) | | | (7 | ) | 18 | 11 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 473 | | | 473 | (171 | ) | 302 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 74 | 33 | 107 | | 107 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 5 | | 5 | | 5 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 17 | | 46 | 63 | 291 | 354 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 103 | | | 103 | | 103 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 98 | 35 | 70 | 203 | 8 | 211 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 104 | 16 | 3 | 123 | (26 | ) | 97 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 185 | $ | 28 | $ | 6 | $ | 219 | $ | 138 | $ | 357 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,678 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,678 | $ | (978 | ) | $ | 700 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 2,080 | | | 2,080 | (341 | ) | 1,739 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 787 | | | 787 | (357 | ) | 430 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 62 | | | 62 | | 62 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 271 | | | 271 | (84 | ) | 187 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 4,878 | | | 4,878 | (1,760 | ) | 3,118 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 3,309 | | | 3,309 | (1,252 | ) | 2,057 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,569 | | | 1,569 | (508 | ) | 1,061 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for loan losses | 69 | | | 69 | 69 | 138 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,500 | | | 1,500 | (577 | ) | 923 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 261 | 94 | 355 | | 355 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 119 | | 119 | | 119 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 72 | | 97 | 169 | 745 | 914 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 357 | 201 | 233 | 791 | 51 | 842 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 449 | 67 | (16 | ) | 500 | 13 | 513 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 2 | 3 | | 5 | | 5 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 764 | $ | 109 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | 847 | $ | 104 | $ | 951 | ||||||
15
|
Nine months ended September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 1,239 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,239 | $ | (689 | ) | $ | 550 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 984 | | | 984 | (51 | ) | 933 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 426 | | | 426 | (190 | ) | 236 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 55 | | | 55 | | 55 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 176 | | | 176 | (18 | ) | 158 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,880 | | | 2,880 | (948 | ) | 1,932 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,536 | | | 1,536 | (571 | ) | 965 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,344 | | | 1,344 | (377 | ) | 967 | ||||||||||||
Less: provisions for loan losses | 78 | | | 78 | 1 | 79 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 1,266 | | | 1,266 | (378 | ) | 888 | ||||||||||||
Fee income | | 224 | 91 | 315 | | 315 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 5 | | 5 | | 5 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 94 | | 100 | 194 | 1,129 | 1,323 | |||||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | 103 | | | 103 | | 103 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 298 | 99 | 207 | 604 | 22 | 626 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 345 | 47 | (6 | ) | 386 | 153 | 539 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 614 | $ | 83 | $ | (10 | ) | $ | 687 | $ | 576 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
|
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(1) | $ | 312 | $ | 279 | $ | 219 | $ | 847 | $ | 687 | |||||||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | (253 | ) | 107 | (74 | ) | (178 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | 409 | (11 | ) | 230 | 488 | 891 | |||||||||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (54 | ) | (51 | ) | (36 | ) | (148 | ) | (122 | ) | |||||||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (16 | ) | (16 | ) | (8 | ) | (45 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes | 86 | 29 | 112 | 117 | 729 | ||||||||||||||
Net tax effect(2) | 33 | (11 | ) | 26 | (13 | ) | (153 | ) | |||||||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | 119 | 18 | 138 | 104 | 576 | ||||||||||||||
GAAP net income | $ | 431 | $ | 297 | $ | 357 | $ | 951 | $ | 1,263 | |||||||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share |
$ |
..95 |
$ |
..66 |
$ |
..76 |
$ |
2.10 |
$ |
2.65 |
|||||||||
(1) | "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .69 | $ | .62 | $ | .47 | $ | 1.87 | $ | 1.45 | ||||||||
(2) |
Such tax effect is based upon the Company's "core earnings" effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts. |
16
Limitations on "Core Earnings"
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.
17
securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from "core earnings" and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts which would be considered intercompany on a Managed Basis.
The following table summarizes the securitization adjustments in our Lending business segment for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" securitization adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses | $ | (225 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | (292 | ) | $ | (740 | ) | $ | (803 | ) | |||
Gains on student loan securitizations | | 262 | 64 | 312 | 375 | |||||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | (16 | ) | 150 | 159 | 277 | 419 | ||||||||||||
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts | (12 | ) | (10 | ) | (5 | ) | (27 | ) | (10 | ) | ||||||||
Total "core earnings" securitization adjustments | $ | (253 | ) | $ | 107 | $ | (74 | ) | $ | (178 | ) | $ | (19 | ) | ||||
SFAS No. 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts, certain Eurodollar futures contracts and certain basis swaps and equity forward contracts (discussed in detail below), do not qualify for "hedge treatment" as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. "Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net" are primarily caused by interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price during the period and the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment.
Our Floor Income Contracts are written options which must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness under SFAS No. 133. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the paydown of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans
18
does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Under SFAS No. 133, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.
Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to change the index of our fixed rate and LIBOR-based debt to better match the cash flows of our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to a commercial paper, Prime or Treasury bill index. SFAS No. 133 requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk, however they do not meet this effectiveness test because our FFELP student loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates. We also have basis swaps that do not meet the SFAS No. 133 effectiveness test that economically hedge off-balance sheet instruments. As a result, under GAAP these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the income statement.
Generally, a decrease in current interest rates and the respective forward interest rate curves results in an unrealized loss related to our written Floor Income Contracts which is offset by an increase in the value of the economically hedged student loans. This increase is not recognized in income. We will experience unrealized gains/losses related to our basis swaps, if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.
Under SFAS No. 150, equity forward contracts that allow a net settlement option either in cash or the Company's stock are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives. As a result, we account for our equity forward contracts as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and mark them to market through earnings. They do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges as a requirement to achieve hedge accounting is the hedged item must impact net income, and the settlement of these contracts through the purchase of our own stock does not impact net income.
19
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 on our net income for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the SFAS No. 133 implementation.
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Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" derivative adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1) | $ | 316 | $ | (106 | ) | $ | 73 | $ | 176 | $ | 342 | |||||||
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | 93 | 94 | 154 | 309 | 551 | |||||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 409 | (12 | ) | 227 | 485 | 893 | ||||||||||||
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments | | 1 | 3 | 3 | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting | $ | 409 | $ | (11 | ) | $ | 230 | $ | 488 | $ | 891 | |||||||
20
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as "realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities") that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and where they are reclassified to on a "core earnings" basis for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (77 | ) | $ | (131 | ) | $ | (222 | ) | $ | (451 | ) | ||
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income | (36 | ) | (17 | ) | (27 | ) | (82 | ) | (49 | ) | |||||||
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income | | | 4 | (5 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||||||||
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities | (93 | ) | (94 | ) | (154 | ) | (309 | ) | (551 | ) | |||||||
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | 409 | (12 | ) | 227 | 485 | 893 | |||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 316 | $ | (106 | ) | $ | 73 | $ | 176 | $ | 342 | ||||||
|
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Floor Income Contracts | $ | 257 | $ | (146 | ) | $ | (58 | ) | $ | 379 | $ | 502 | |||||
Equity forward contracts | 163 | 10 | 198 | 65 | 335 | ||||||||||||
Basis swaps | (19 | ) | 127 | 102 | 48 | 44 | |||||||||||
Other | 8 | (3 | ) | (15 | ) | (7 | ) | 12 | |||||||||
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 409 | $ | (12 | ) | $ | 227 | $ | 485 | $ | 893 | ||||||
21
and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.
The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending business segment for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
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Nine months ended |
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|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
"Core earnings" Floor Income adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts | $ | 2 | $ | 6 | $ | 18 | $ | 19 | $ | 69 | ||||||||
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income | (56 | ) | (57 | ) | (54 | ) | (167 | ) | (141 | ) | ||||||||
Net losses related to closed Eurodollar futures contracts economically hedging Floor Income | | | | | (50 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total "core earnings" Floor Income adjustments | $ | (54 | ) | $ | (51 | ) | $ | (36 | ) | $ | (148 | ) | $ | (122 | ) | |||
22
LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT
In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Lending business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
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|
Sept. 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Managed Basis interest income: | ||||||||||||||||
Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 586 | $ | 582 | $ | 458 | $ | 1,678 | $ | 1,239 | ||||||
Managed Consolidation loans | 833 | 667 | 368 | 2,080 | 984 | |||||||||||
Managed Private Education Loans | 312 | 247 | 165 | 787 | 426 | |||||||||||
Other loans | 22 | 20 | 18 | 62 | 55 | |||||||||||
Cash and investments | 113 | 78 | 73 | 271 | 176 | |||||||||||
Total Managed interest income | 1,866 | 1,594 | 1,082 | 4,878 | 2,880 | |||||||||||
Total Managed interest expense | 1,306 | 1,078 | 616 | 3,309 | 1,536 | |||||||||||
Net Managed interest income | 560 | 516 | 466 | 1,569 | 1,344 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | | 14 | (7 | ) | 69 | 78 | ||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 560 | 502 | 473 | 1,500 | 1,266 | |||||||||||
Other income | | 36 | 17 | 72 | 94 | |||||||||||
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance | | | 103 | | 103 | |||||||||||
Operating expenses | 117 | 124 | 98 | 357 | 298 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 443 | 414 | 289 | 1,215 | 959 | |||||||||||
Income taxes | 164 | 153 | 104 | 449 | 345 | |||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 279 | 261 | 185 | 766 | 614 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 2 | | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 279 | $ | 260 | $ | 185 | $ | 764 | $ | 614 | ||||||
23
Consolidation Loan Activity
The following tables present the effect of Consolidation Loan activity on our Managed FFELP portfolio.
|
Quarters ended |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
|||||||||||||||||||
Beginning Managed balance | $ | 47,126 | $ | 55,875 | $ | 103,001 | $ | 47,325 | $ | 51,855 | $ | 99,180 | $ | 48,223 | $ | 36,792 | $ | 85,015 | ||||||||||
Acquisitions | 3,993 | 791 | 4,784 | 5,285 | 291 | 5,576 | 3,664 | 262 | 3,926 | |||||||||||||||||||
Incremental Consolidations | | 1,308 | 1,308 | | 931 | 931 | | 978 | 978 | |||||||||||||||||||
In-house Consolidations | (5,250 | ) | 5,250 | | (3,653 | ) | 3,653 | | (3,410 | ) | 3,410 | | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidations away | (979 | ) | (320 | ) | (1,299 | ) | (507 | ) | (229 | ) | (736 | ) | (497 | ) | (96 | ) | (593 | ) | ||||||||||
Repayments/claims/resales/other | (1,808 | ) | (743 | ) | (2,551 | ) | (1,324 | ) | (626 | ) | (1,950 | ) | (1,367 | ) | (468 | ) | (1,835 | ) | ||||||||||
Ending Managed balance | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 47,126 | $ | 55,875 | $ | 103,001 | $ | 46,613 | $ | 40,878 | $ | 87,491 | ||||||||||
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
|||||||||||||
Beginning Managed balance | $ | 46,791 | $ | 49,165 | $ | 95,956 | $ | 45,554 | $ | 34,930 | $ | 80,484 | |||||||
Acquisitions | 14,188 | 1,437 | 15,625 | 12,454 | 707 | 13,161 | |||||||||||||
Incremental Consolidations | | 3,152 | 3,152 | | 1,627 | 1,627 | |||||||||||||
In-house Consolidations | (11,090 | ) | 11,090 | | (5,219 | ) | 5,219 | | |||||||||||
Consolidations away | (1,952 | ) | (660 | ) | (2,612 | ) | (1,263 | ) | (227 | ) | (1,490 | ) | |||||||
Repayments/claims/resales/other | (4,855 | ) | (2,023 | ) | (6,878 | ) | (4,913 | ) | (1,378 | ) | (6,291 | ) | |||||||
Ending Managed balance | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 46,613 | $ | 40,878 | $ | 87,491 | |||||||
24
Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio
The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.
Ending Balances:
|
September 30, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 22,354 | $ | 51,193 | $ | 73,547 | $ | 8,079 | $ | 81,626 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 20,728 | 10,968 | 31,696 | 7,312 | 39,008 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 15,391 | $ | 120,634 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 30 | % | 70 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 41 | % | 59 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 36 | % | 52 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
June 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 22,093 | $ | 44,641 | $ | 66,734 | $ | 6,097 | $ | 72,831 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 25,033 | 11,234 | 36,267 | 7,402 | 43,669 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 47,126 | $ | 55,875 | $ | 103,001 | $ | 13,499 | $ | 116,500 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 33 | % | 67 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 46 | % | 54 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 40 | % | 48 | % | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 16,326 | $ | 33,171 | $ | 49,497 | $ | 4,772 | $ | 54,269 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 30,287 | 7,707 | 37,994 | 6,076 | 44,070 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,613 | $ | 40,878 | $ | 87,491 | $ | 10,848 | $ | 98,339 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 33 | % | 67 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 53 | % | 47 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 47 | % | 42 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
25
Average Balances:
|
Quarter ended September 30, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 21,574 | $ | 48,774 | $ | 70,348 | $ | 7,193 | $ | 77,541 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 22,250 | 11,094 | 33,344 | 7,398 | 40,742 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 43,824 | $ | 59,868 | $ | 103,692 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 118,283 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 31 | % | 69 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 42 | % | 58 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 37 | % | 51 | % | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % |
Quarter ended June 30, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 20,673 | $ | 43,531 | $ | 64,204 | $ | 6,376 | $ | 70,580 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 26,912 | 9,819 | 36,731 | 7,060 | 43,791 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 47,585 | $ | 53,350 | $ | 100,935 | $ | 13,436 | $ | 114,371 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 32 | % | 68 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 47 | % | 53 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 41 | % | 47 | % | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % |
Quarter ended September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP(1) |
Consolidation |
Total FFELP |
Private |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 18,079 | $ | 32,042 | $ | 50,121 | $ | 4,401 | $ | 54,522 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 28,417 | 7,575 | 35,992 | 6,238 | 42,230 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,496 | $ | 39,617 | $ | 86,113 | $ | 10,639 | $ | 96,752 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 36 | % | 64 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 54 | % | 46 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 48 | % | 41 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
26
Student Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis
The following table analyzes the "core earnings" from our portfolio of student loans on a Managed basis (see "Pre-tax Differences between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP"). This analysis includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet loans in securitization trusts and derivatives economically hedging these line items and excludes unhedged Floor Income while including the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Managed Basis student loan yield | 6.55 | % | 5.92 | % | 4.67 | % | 6.04 | % | 4.39 | % | ||||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.52 | ) | (.48 | ) | (.42 | ) | (.49 | ) | (.41 | ) | ||||||
Offset Fees | | | | | (.02 | ) | ||||||||||
Borrower benefits | (.04 | ) | (.04 | ) | (.02 | ) | (.06 | ) | (.07 | ) | ||||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.18 | ) | (.16 | ) | (.15 | ) | (.17 | ) | (.12 | ) | ||||||
Managed Basis student loan net yield | 5.81 | 5.24 | 4.08 | 5.32 | 3.77 | |||||||||||
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds | (4.00 | ) | (3.50 | ) | (2.16 | ) | (3.54 | ) | (1.85 | ) | ||||||
Managed Basis student loan spread | 1.81 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.92 | % | 1.78 | % | 1.92 | % | ||||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 77,541 | $ | 70,580 | $ | 54,522 | $ | 71,964 | $ | 54,073 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 40,742 | 43,791 | 42,230 | 42,137 | 39,787 | |||||||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 118,283 | $ | 114,371 | $ | 96,752 | $ | 114,101 | $ | 93,860 | ||||||
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
In the second and third quarters of 2005, we refined our methodology and updated our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of Consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $21 million or 7 basis points and $13 million or 5 basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third and second quarters, respectively. The increase in the third quarter of 2005 spread versus the second quarter 2005 was also due to the second quarter reduction in student loan interest income of $16 million or 6 basis points to reflect a revision of our estimates surrounding our non-accrual policy for interest income that is discussed in detail at "Allowance for Private Education Loan LossesSecond Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate."
There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005. This was mainly due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This unprecedented volume of Consolidation Loan requests resulted in a majority of the applications being processed in the third quarter. In the second quarter, we accrued a write-off of FFELP Stafford benefits for loans whose consolidation applications had been received but not yet processed by June 30 which lowered second quarter borrower benefits expense by $9 million or 3 basis points. The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third quarter was also impacted by this surge in Consolidation Loan activity as we write-off the balance of unamortized premiums associated with loans that consolidate away from the Company as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest IncomeStudent Loans").
27
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
The increase in the third quarter 2005 spread versus the second quarter of 2005 was also due to better funding costs primarily caused by improvements in the spreads on certain debt instruments sold in the auction rate market and the higher average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the higher average balance of Consolidation Loans.
The decrease in the Managed student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the Managed portfolio. Consolidation Loans have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee. These negative effects are partially offset by the higher SAP spread earned on Consolidation Loans and lower student loan premium amortization due to their extended term. When compared to the year-ago quarter, the third quarter of 2005 spread was also negatively impacted by higher premium amortization, primarily caused by the purchase price allocation for student loans acquired in acquisitions, and by lower amortization of the upfront fee received on Floor Income Contracts.
The third quarter 2005 Managed student loan spread benefited from the increase in the average balance of Managed Private Education Loans as a percentage of the average Managed student loan portfolio from 11 percent in the third quarter 2004 to 12 percent in the third quarter 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged 4.75 percent in the third quarter of 2005 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.31 percent in the third quarter of 2005 for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio, excluding the impact from the update to our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits.
Private Education Loans
All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. In the table below, when we securitize Private Education Loans, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided for in the allowance and then add back this reduction for these loans in the off-balance sheet section so that on a Managed basis we are maintaining the full allowance for these loans.
When Private Education Loans in securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212-day delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP at the time of repurchase of delinquent Private Education Loans from the trust are not considered losses until the loans ultimately charge off at day 212. These charge-offs are shown in the off-balance sheet section in the table below.
The off-balance sheet allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized.
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
Third Quarter of 2005 Change in Recovery Methodology
We continue to gain experience in analyzing our Private Education Loan portfolios and as a result, we have developed additional data to better estimate the amount of recoveries on defaulted loans through our provision over a longer period of time. During the third quarter of 2005, we changed our methodology for estimating the amount of charged-off student loans that will ultimately be recovered, which resulted in a $64 million reduction in our Managed provision in the third quarter of 2005 to recognize the effect of this change in estimate.
28
Second Quarter of 2005 Change in Accounting Estimate
In the second quarter of 2005, we changed our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest for our Managed loan portfolio using a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge-off. This is a widely used reserving methodology in the consumer finance industry. Previously, we calculated the allowance for Private Education Loan losses by estimating the probable losses in the portfolio based primarily on loan characteristics and where pools of loans were in their life with less emphasis on current delinquency status of the loan. Also, in our prior methodology for calculating the allowance, some loss rates were based on proxies and extrapolations of FFELP loan loss data.
We also used a migration analysis to revise our estimates surrounding our non-accrual policy for interest income. Under the new methodology, we estimate the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and write it off against current period interest income. Under our prior methodology, Private Education Loans continued to accrue interest, including in periods of forbearance, until they were charged off, at which time, the loans were placed on non-accrual status and all accrued interest was reversed against income in the month of charge-off.
This change in reserving methodology has been accounted for as a change in estimate in accordance with the FASB's Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes." The cumulative effect of this change to the second quarter of 2005 was to increase the value of the allowance by $40 million and to reduce student loan interest income for the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest receivable by $14 million. On the income statement, adjustments to the allowance are recorded through the provision for loan losses whereas adjustments to accrued interest are recorded in interest income. On a Managed Basis, we decreased the allowance for loan losses by $20 million and reduced student loan interest income by $16 million for uncollectible accrued interest.
The difference in the impact of the change in estimate on the allowance for loan losses between our on-balance sheet and our Managed results is due to the difference in the mix of Private Education Loans on-and off- balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other loan programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized and as such the on-balance sheet portfolio contains loans with higher delinquency rates. Because the required allowance under the new methodology is more directly tied to the current status of the portfolio, the on-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements increased while the off-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements decreased with the net effect being a decrease in the Managed Basis allowance.
29
The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
On-Balance Sheet |
Off-Balance Sheet |
Managed Basis |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sept. 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 228 | $ | 191 | $ | 155 | $ | 91 | $ | 150 | $ | 133 | $ | 319 | $ | 341 | $ | 288 | |||||||||||
Provision for Private Education Loan losses |
56 |
36 |
40 |
4 |
(4 |
) |
12 |
60 |
32 |
52 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Change in estimate | | 40 | | | (60 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in recovery methodology | (49 | ) | | | (16 | ) | | | (65 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||||
Total provision | 7 | 76 | 40 | (12 | ) | (64 | ) | 12 | (5 | ) | 12 | 52 | |||||||||||||||||
Charge-offs |
(47 |
) |
(38 |
) |
(32 |
) |
|
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) |
(47 |
) |
(39 |
) |
(33 |
) |
||||||||||||
Recoveries | 5 | 5 | 4 | | | | 5 | 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs | (42 | ) | (33 | ) | (28 | ) | | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (42 | ) | (34 | ) | (29 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans | 193 | 234 | 167 | 79 | 85 | 144 | 272 | 319 | 311 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans | | (6 | ) | | | 6 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 193 | $ | 228 | $ | 167 | $ | 79 | $ | 91 | $ | 144 | $ | 272 | $ | 319 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | 5.35 | % | 4.33 | % | 4.71 | % | | % | .13 | % | .11 | % | 2.42 | % | 2.04 | % | 2.29 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance | 2.34 | % | 3.61 | % | 3.38 | % | 1.07 | % | 1.21 | % | 2.32 | % | 1.74 | % | 2.31 | % | 2.79 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment | 6.00 | % | 7.41 | % | 6.93 | % | 2.13 | % | 2.32 | % | 5.52 | % | 3.93 | % | 4.56 | % | 6.20 | % | |||||||||||
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) | 1.15 | 1.73 | 1.51 | | 19.64 | 49.88 | 1.62 | 2.34 | 2.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average total loans | $ | 7,193 | $ | 6,376 | $ | 4,401 | $ | 7,398 | $ | 7,060 | $ | 6,238 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 13,436 | $ | 10,639 | |||||||||||
Ending total loans | $ | 8,272 | $ | 6,325 | $ | 4,939 | $ | 7,391 | $ | 7,493 | $ | 6,220 | $ | 15,663 | $ | 13,818 | $ | 11,159 | |||||||||||
Average loans in repayment | $ | 3,150 | $ | 3,042 | $ | 2,352 | $ | 3,814 | $ | 3,655 | $ | 2,621 | $ | 6,964 | $ | 6,697 | $ | 4,973 | |||||||||||
Ending loans in repayment | $ | 3,220 | $ | 3,078 | $ | 2,408 | $ | 3,705 | $ | 3,926 | $ | 2,610 | $ | 6,925 | $ | 7,004 | $ | 5,018 |
The increase in charge-offs over the prior quarter is primarily due to seasonality. The increase in charge-offs over the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the 38 percent growth in the portfolio in repayment on a Managed Basis.
The on-balance sheet allowance at September 30, 2005 increased $14 million from June 30, 2005 excluding the change in recovery methodology in the third quarter disclosed separately in the above table. The increase is primarily due to the transition of loans from school to grace, higher loans in forbearance and a slight increase in delinquent loans.
The allowance on a Managed Basis at September 30, 2005 increased by $18 million from June 30, 2005 excluding the effects of the change in recovery methodology in the third quarter disclosed separately in the above table. The increase is primarily attributable to the transition of loans from school to grace, higher loans in forbearance and a slight increase in delinquencies.
The year-over-year allowance on a Managed Basis increased by $46 million exclusive of the changes in estimate and methodology. The increase is due to the growth in the repayment portfolio. The new allowance methodology adopted in the second quarter of 2005 estimates the allowance over a
30
shorter period of time. Consequently, the year-over-year growth rate in the provision is less than the growth rate in the portfolio.
|
Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
On-balance sheet |
Off-balance sheet |
Managed Basis |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Nine months ended |
Nine months ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
Sept. 30, 2005 |
Sept. 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 172 | $ | 166 | $ | 143 | $ | 93 | $ | 315 | $ | 259 | ||||||||
Provision for Private Education Loan losses |
135 |
100 |
9 |
27 |
144 |
127 |
||||||||||||||
Change in estimate | 40 | | (60 | ) | | (20 | ) | | ||||||||||||
Change in recovery methodology | (49 | ) | | (16 | ) | | (65 | ) | | |||||||||||
Total provision | 126 | 100 | (67 | ) | 27 | 59 | 127 | |||||||||||||
Charge-offs |
(113 |
) |
(81 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(4 |
) |
(116 |
) |
(85 |
) |
||||||||
Recoveries | 14 | 10 | | | 14 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs | (99 | ) | (71 | ) | (3 | ) | (4 | ) | (102 | ) | (75 | ) | ||||||||
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans | 199 | 195 | 73 | 116 | 272 | 311 | ||||||||||||||
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans | (6 | ) | (28 | ) | 6 | 28 | | | ||||||||||||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 193 | $ | 167 | $ | 79 | $ | 144 | $ | 272 | $ | 311 | ||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | 4.37 | % | 3.86 | % | .09 | % | .19 | % | 2.07 | % | 2.12 | % | ||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance | 2.34 | % | 3.38 | % | 1.07 | % | 2.32 | % | 1.74 | % | 2.79 | % | ||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment | 6.00 | % | 6.93 | % | 2.13 | % | 5.52 | % | 3.93 | % | 6.20 | % | ||||||||
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) | 1.46 | 1.74 | 24.00 | 33.53 | 2.01 | 3.11 | ||||||||||||||
Average total loans | $ | 6,615 | $ | 4,640 | $ | 6,873 | $ | 5,260 | $ | 13,488 | $ | 9,900 | ||||||||
Ending total loans | $ | 8,272 | $ | 4,939 | $ | 7,391 | $ | 6,220 | $ | 15,663 | $ | 11,159 | ||||||||
Average loans in repayment | $ | 3,031 | $ | 2,480 | $ | 3,529 | $ | 2,239 | $ | 6,560 | $ | 4,719 | ||||||||
Ending loans in repayment | $ | 3,220 | $ | 2,408 | $ | 3,705 | $ | 2,610 | $ | 6,925 | $ | 5,018 |
The reduction in the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans in repayment is due to the second quarter change in estimate using a migration analysis and to the third quarter improvement in our estimate of recoveries of previously defaulted loans discussed above. The decrease is also due to the shorter time period for which we calculate our allowance under the migration analysis adopted in the second quarter.
31
The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.
|
On-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 5,042 | $ | 3,307 | $ | 2,522 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 311 | 190 | 179 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 2,873 | 89.2 | % | 2,756 | 89.5 | % | 2,122 | 88.1 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 145 | 4.5 | 133 | 4.4 | 97 | 4.0 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 75 | 2.3 | 69 | 2.2 | 65 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 127 | 4.0 | 120 | 3.9 | 124 | 5.2 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 3,220 | 100 | % | 3,078 | 100 | % | 2,408 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 8,573 | 6,575 | 5,109 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (301 | ) | (250 | ) | (170 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 8,272 | 6,325 | 4,939 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (193 | ) | (228 | ) | (167 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 8,079 | $ | 6,097 | $ | 4,772 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 37.6 | % | 46.8 | % | 47.1 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 10.8 | % | 10.5 | % | 11.9 | % | |||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 3,272 | $ | 3,308 | $ | 3,251 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 552 | 400 | 455 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 3,514 | 94.9 | % | 3,749 | 95.5 | % | 2,456 | 94.1 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 94 | 2.5 | 96 | 2.4 | 67 | 2.6 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 38 | 1.0 | 35 | 1.0 | 42 | 1.6 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 59 | 1.6 | 46 | 1.1 | 45 | 1.7 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 3,705 | 100 | % | 3,926 | 100 | % | 2,610 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 7,529 | 7,634 | 6,316 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (138 | ) | (141 | ) | (96 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 7,391 | 7,493 | 6,220 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (79 | ) | (91 | ) | (144 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 7,312 | $ | 7,402 | $ | 6,076 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 49.2 | % | 51.4 | % | 41.3 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 5.1 | % | 4.5 | % | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||
32
|
Managed Basis Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 8,314 | $ | 6,615 | $ | 5,773 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 863 | 590 | 634 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 6,387 | 92.2 | % | 6,505 | 92.9 | % | 4,578 | 91.2 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 239 | 3.5 | 229 | 3.2 | 164 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 113 | 1.6 | 104 | 1.5 | 107 | 2.1 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 186 | 2.7 | 166 | 2.4 | 169 | 3.4 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 6,925 | 100 | % | 7,004 | 100 | % | 5,018 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 16,102 | 14,209 | 11,425 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (439 | ) | (391 | ) | (266 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 15,663 | 13,818 | 11,159 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (272 | ) | (319 | ) | (311 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 15,391 | $ | 13,499 | $ | 10,848 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 43.0 | % | 49.3 | % | 43.9 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 7.8 | % | 7.1 | % | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||
ForbearanceManaged Basis Private Education Loans
Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability improves between the time the loan is made and the time they enter the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time.
Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At September 30, 2005, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance is 13.8 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage drops to 5.8 percent for loans that have been in
33
repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 73 percent of our Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves. The increase in forbearance was partially due to approximately $100 million in forbearance granted to borrowers affected by Hurricane Katrina.
The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment:
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 30, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Sept. 30, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 8,314 | $ | 8,314 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 630 | 150 | 83 | | 863 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 3,635 | 1,485 | 1,267 | | 6,387 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 131 | 62 | 46 | | 239 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 72 | 26 | 15 | | 113 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 100 | 58 | 28 | | 186 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,568 | $ | 1,781 | $ | 1,439 | $ | 8,314 | $ | 16,102 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (439 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (272 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 15,391 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 13.8 | % | 8.4 | % | 5.8 | % | | % | 11.1 | % | ||||||
34
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 30, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Sept. 30, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 6,615 | $ | 6,615 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 437 | 106 | 47 | | 590 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 3,728 | 1,515 | 1,262 | | 6,505 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 120 | 65 | 44 | | 229 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 57 | 30 | 17 | | 104 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 80 | 55 | 31 | | 166 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,422 | $ | 1,771 | $ | 1,401 | $ | 6,615 | $ | 14,209 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (391 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (319 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 13,499 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 9.9 | % | 6.0 | % | 3.4 | % | | % | 7.8 | % | ||||||
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 30, 2004 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Sept. 30, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 5,773 | $ | 5,773 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 472 | 107 | 55 | | 634 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 2,400 | 1,177 | 1,001 | | 4,578 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 84 | 44 | 36 | | 164 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 57 | 30 | 20 | | 107 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 70 | 59 | 40 | | 169 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,083 | $ | 1,417 | $ | 1,152 | $ | 5,773 | $ | 11,425 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (266 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (311 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 10,848 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 15.3 | % | 7.6 | % | 4.8 | % | | % | 11.2 | % | ||||||
35
Additionally, as indicated in the table below which breaks down the Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used as of the dates indicated, 7 percent of borrowers currently in forbearance have deferred their loan repayment more than 24 months.
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
||||||||||
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance | ||||||||||||||||
1 to 12 months | $ | 646 | 75 | % | $ | 426 | 72 | % | $ | 429 | 68 | % | ||||
13 to 24 months | 154 | 18 | 117 | 20 | 154 | 24 | ||||||||||
25 to 36 months | 40 | 4 | 32 | 5 | 32 | 5 | ||||||||||
More than 36 months | 23 | 3 | 15 | 3 | 19 | 3 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 863 | 100 | % | $ | 590 | 100 | % | $ | 634 | 100 | % | ||||
On a Managed Basis, loans in forbearance status increased from 7.8 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at June 30, 2005 to 11.1 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at September 30, 2005. The ratio at September 30, 2004 was 11.2 percent. The increase in the percentage of loans in forbearance status from the prior quarter is primarily due to seasonality. Also, since the third quarter of 2004, we have been performing a more robust evaluation of the borrower's need and ability to benefit from a forbearance.
Other Income
The following table summarizes the components of other income for our Lending business segment for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Late fees | $ | 23 | $ | 24 | $ | 22 | $ | 67 | $ | 72 | ||||||
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees | 6 | 4 | 5 | 14 | 15 | |||||||||||
Losses on investments, net | (35 | ) | (1 | ) | (27 | ) | (32 | ) | (24 | ) | ||||||
Other | 6 | 9 | 17 | 23 | 31 | |||||||||||
Total other income | $ | | $ | 36 | $ | 17 | $ | 72 | $ | 94 | ||||||
The increase in losses on investments versus the prior quarter is primarily due to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter, which primarily reflects the impairment of an aircraft leased to Northwest Airlines, who declared bankruptcy in September 2005. In the year-ago quarter we recorded a $27 million leveraged lease impairment reserve in recognition of the deteriorating financial condition of Delta Airlines, who subsequently declared bankruptcy in September 2005.
At September 30, 2005, we had investments in leveraged and direct financing leases, net of impairments, totaling $122 million that are the general obligations of American Airlines and Federal Express Corporation. Based on an analysis of the potential losses on certain leveraged leases plus the increase in incremental tax obligations related to the forgiveness of debt obligations and/or the taxable gain on the sale of the aircraft, our remaining after-tax accounting exposure from our investment in American Airlines is $56 million at September 30, 2005.
36
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses.
In the third quarter of 2004, we recognized a $103 million loss on the repurchase and defeasance of approximately $1.7 billion of GSE debt in connection with the Wind-Down of the GSE.
DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our DMO business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Fee income | $ | 93 | $ | 82 | $ | 74 | $ | 261 | $ | 224 | |||||
Collections revenue | 42 | 42 | 5 | 119 | 5 | ||||||||||
Total revenue | 135 | 124 | 79 | 380 | 229 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses | 72 | 66 | 35 | 201 | 99 | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 63 | 58 | 44 | 179 | 130 | ||||||||||
Income taxes | 23 | 22 | 16 | 67 | 47 | ||||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 40 | 36 | 28 | 112 | 83 | ||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | | 3 | | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 39 | $ | 35 | $ | 28 | $ | 109 | $ | 83 | |||||
DMO Revenue by Product
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||
Purchase paper | $ | 42 | $ | 42 | $ | 5 | (2) | $ | 119 | $ | 5 | (2) | |||||
Contingency: | |||||||||||||||||
ContingencyStudent loans | 66 | 63 | 68 | 195 | 194 | ||||||||||||
ContingencyOther | 9 | 9 | 4 | 28 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Total contingency | 75 | 72 | 72 | 223 | 204 | ||||||||||||
Other | 18 | 10 | 2 | 38 | 20 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 135 | $ | 124 | $ | 79 | $ | 380 | $ | 229 | |||||||
Total revenues from USA Funds(1) |
$ |
47 |
$ |
43 |
$ |
45 |
$ |
136 |
$ |
147 |
|||||||
% of total DMO revenues | 35 | % | 35 | % | 58 | % | 36 | % | 64 | % | |||||||
37
On August 31, 2005, we acquired 100 percent of GRP Financial Services ("GRP"), a debt management company that acquires and manages portfolios of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate.
DMO revenue for the third quarter of 2005 increased by $56 million or 71 percent over the year-ago period, of which $38 million was generated by the purchase paper businesses of AFS (acquired in September 2004) and GRP. Contingency fee income increased by $3 million, or 4 percent, to $75 million for the third quarter of 2005 versus the year-ago period. The growth in contingency fee revenues was primarily driven by the contingency business of AFS.
Purchase PaperNon-Mortgage
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004(1) |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004(1) |
|||||||||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 330 | $ | 444 | $ | 77 | $ | 1,746 | $ | 77 | ||||||
Purchase price | 25 | 41 | 4 | 90 | 4 | |||||||||||
% of face value purchased | 7.5 | % | 9.1 | % | 5.1 | % | 5.2 | % | 5.1 | % | ||||||
Gross Cash Collections ("GCC") |
$ |
61 |
$ |
61 |
$ |
8 |
$ |
179 |
$ |
8 |
||||||
Purchase paper revenue | 39 | 42 | 5 | 116 | 5 | |||||||||||
% of GCC | 65 | % | 68 | % | 63 | % | 65 | % | 63 | % | ||||||
Carrying value of purchases | $ | 81 | $ | 79 | $ | 55 | $ | 81 | $ | 55 |
Purchase PaperMortgage/Properties
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005(1) |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005(1) |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 34 | $ | | $ | | $ | 34 | $ | | |||||
Purchase paper revenue | 3 | | | 3 | | ||||||||||
Collateral value of purchases | 42 | | | 42 | | ||||||||||
Purchase price | 32 | | | 32 | | ||||||||||
% of collateral value | 76 | % | | | 76 | % | | ||||||||
Carrying value of purchases | $ | 238 | $ | | $ | | $ | 238 | $ | |
The amount of face value purchased in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the average age of the portfolio, the type of receivable, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of principal purchased will vary from quarter to quarter.
38
Contingency Inventory
The following table presents the outstanding inventory of loans serviced through our DMO business.
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contingency: | ||||||||||
ContingencyStudent loans | $ | 6,985 | $ | 7,307 | $ | 6,505 | ||||
ContingencyOther | 2,106 | 2,028 | 1,729 | |||||||
Total | $ | 9,091 | $ | 9,335 | $ | 8,234 | ||||
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our DMO business segment increased by $6 million, or 9 percent, to $72 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 versus the prior quarter, primarily due to the inclusion of GRP's operating expenses and one-time facility closure. The increase in DMO contingency fee expenses is consistent with the growth in revenue and accounts serviced, as a high percentage of DMO expenses are variable. When compared to the year-ago quarter, operating expenses increased by $37 million or 106 percent. This is due to the inclusion of AFS's expenses for a full quarter and GRP's expenses since the acquisition which closed August 31, 2005. AFS was acquired in mid-September 2004.
CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Corporate and Other business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Fee income | $ | 36 | $ | 26 | $ | 33 | $ | 94 | $ | 91 | ||||||
Other income | 36 | 29 | 46 | 97 | 100 | |||||||||||
Operating expenses | 82 | 81 | 70 | 233 | 207 | |||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | (10 | ) | (26 | ) | 9 | (42 | ) | (16 | ) | |||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | (4 | ) | (10 | ) | 3 | (16 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 6 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | (10 | ) | ||
Fee and Other Income
The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005, and September 30, 2004 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004.
|
Quarters ended |
Nine months ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | $ | 36 | $ | 26 | $ | 33 | $ | 94 | $ | 91 | |||||
Loan servicing fees | 11 | 12 | 14 | 36 | 38 | ||||||||||
Other | 25 | 17 | 32 | 61 | 62 | ||||||||||
Total fee and other income | $ | 72 | $ | 55 | $ | 79 | $ | 191 | $ | 191 | |||||
39
The increase in guarantor servicing fees from the prior quarter is primarily due to the seasonality of the issuance fee.
USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 79 percent, 82 percent and 81 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004, and 82 percent and 85 percent, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. Also, 34 percent, 15 percent, and 9 percent, respectively, of revenues included in other income were earned from USA Funds for the quarters ended September 30, 2005, June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantee agencies, and general and administrative expenses associated with these businesses. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses which include centralized headquarters functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing. Our corporate overhead also includes a portion of information technology expenses related to these functions. The increase in operating expenses over the prior quarter (which includes a $14 million net settlement in the CLC lawsuit) and the year-ago quarter can primarily be attributed to expenses associated with three new subsidiaries acquired in September 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2004.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Higher Education Act Reauthorization
The relevant committees of the House and Senate have each passed bills to reauthorize the Higher Education Act ("HEA"). We anticipate that each of these bills will eventually be moved to the floor of each body for approval, with a House/Senate conference then negotiating the terms of the final law. Depending on whether the current budget reconciliation process stands, final passage of HEA reauthorization could take place as part of budget reconciliation, or as a stand-alone bill.
The House Education and the Workforce Committee originally reported its HEA reauthorization bill, H.R. 609, in July. We provided a summary of that bill's major provisions in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2005. The July mark-up took place in the context of a reconciliation budget instruction to the Committee of $12.6 billion in savings for all areas in its jurisdiction, which was part of an overall entitlement savings goal of $35 billion. This week, the House leadership stated its intent to raise the overall budget reconciliation target from $35 billion to $50 billion. If this higher target is approved by the House, it could result in the Committee on Education and the Workforce seeking additional savings from its HEA bill before it is moved to the floor.
The Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions marked up its own HEA bill in September, which was further marked-up and reported on October 18, 2005. The Senate bill shared some provisions with the House bill, but also differed in a number of important ways. The major provisions of the Senate bill affecting Sallie Mae are as follows:
40
rate would remain unchanged. This contrasts with the House bill, which would maintain a variable rate structure on Stafford and PLUS loans.
41