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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)  

ý

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2005 or

o

Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                             to                              .

Commission File Number: 001-13251


SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  52-2013874
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia
(Address of principal executive offices)

 

20190
(Zip Code)

(703) 810-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)


        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ý    No o

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class
  Outstanding at July 31, 2005
Common Stock, $.20 par value   417,536,652 shares




GLOSSARY

        Listed below are definitions of key terms that are used throughout this document.

Consolidation Loans—Under the FFELP, borrowers with eligible student loans may consolidate them into one note with one lender and convert the variable interest rates on the loans being consolidated into a fixed rate for the life of the loan. The new note is considered a Consolidation Loan. Typically a borrower can consolidate their student loans only once unless the borrower has another eligible loan to consolidate with the existing Consolidation Loan. The borrower rate on a Consolidation Loan is fixed for the term of the loan and is set by the weighted-average interest rate of the loans being consolidated, rounded up to the nearest 1/8th of a percent, not to exceed 8.25 percent. In low interest rate environments, Consolidation Loans provide an attractive refinancing opportunity to certain borrowers because they allow borrowers to consolidate variable rate loans into a long-term fixed rate loan. Holders of Consolidation Loans are eligible to earn interest under the Special Allowance Payment ("SAP") formula (see definition below).

Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee—All holders of Consolidation Loans are required to pay to the U.S. Department of Education ("ED") an annual 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee on all outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of Consolidation Loans purchased or originated after October 1, 1993, except for loans for which consolidation applications were received between October 1, 1998 and January 31, 1999, where the Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee is 62 basis points.

Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR")—A variable in life of loan estimates that measures the rate at which loans in the portfolio pay before their stated maturity. The CPR is directly correlated to the average life of the portfolio. CPR equals the percentage of loans that prepay annually as a percentage of the beginning of period balance.

Direct Loans—Student loans originated directly by ED under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program ("FDLP").

ED—The U.S. Department of Education.

Embedded Fixed Rate/Variable Rate Floor Income—Embedded Floor Income is Floor Income (see definition below) that is earned on off-balance sheet student loans that are in securitization trusts sponsored by us. At the time of the securitization, the option value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income is included in the initial valuation of the Residual Interest (see definition below) and the gain or loss on sale of the student loans. Embedded Floor Income is also included in the quarterly fair value adjustments of the Residual Interest.

Exceptional Performer ("EP") Designation—The EP designation is determined by ED in recognition of a servicer meeting certain performance standards set by ED in servicing FFELP (see definition below) loans. Upon receiving the EP designation, the EP servicer receives 100 percent reimbursement on default claims on federally guaranteed student loans for all loans serviced for a period of at least 270 days before the date of default and will no longer be subject to the two percent Risk Sharing (see definition below) on these loans. The EP servicer is entitled to receive this benefit as long as it remains in compliance with the required servicing standards, which are assessed on an annual and quarterly basis through compliance audits and other criteria. The annual assessment is in part based upon subjective factors which alone may form the basis for an ED determination to withdraw the designation. If the designation is withdrawn, the two percent Risk Sharing may be applied retroactively to the date of the occurrence that resulted in noncompliance.

FDLP—The William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program.

FFELP—The Federal Family Education Loan Program, formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program.

1



Fixed Rate Floor Income—We refer to Floor Income (see definition below) associated with student loans whose borrower rate is fixed to term (primarily Consolidation Loans) as Fixed Rate Floor Income.

Floor Income—Our portfolio of FFELP student loans earns interest at the higher of a floating rate based on the Special Allowance Payment or SAP formula (see definition below) set by ED and the borrower rate, which is fixed over a period of time. We generally finance our student loan portfolio with floating rate debt over all interest rate levels. In low and/or declining interest rate environments, when the fixed borrower rate is higher than the rate produced by the SAP formula, our student loans earn at a fixed rate while the interest on our floating rate debt continues to decline. In these interest rate environments, we earn additional spread income that we refer to as Floor Income. Depending on the type of the student loan and when it was originated, the borrower rate is either fixed to term or is reset to a market rate each July 1. As a result, for loans where the borrower rate is fixed to term, we may earn Floor Income for an extended period of time, and for those loans where the borrower interest rate is reset annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income to the next reset date.

        The following example shows the mechanics of Floor Income for a typical fixed rate Consolidation Loan originated after July 1, 2004 (with a commercial paper-based SAP spread of 2.64 percent):

Fixed Borrower Rate:   3.375 %
SAP Spread over Commercial Paper Rate:   (2.640 )%
   
 
Floor Strike Rate(1)   0.735 %
   
 

(1)
The interest rate at which the underlying index (Treasury bill or commercial paper) plus the fixed SAP spread equals the fixed borrower rate. Floor Income is earned anytime the interest rate of the underlying index declines below this rate.

Based on this example, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is over 0.735 percent, the holder of the student loan will earn at a floating rate based on the SAP formula, which in this example is a fixed spread to commercial paper of 2.64 percent. On the other hand, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is below 0.735 percent, the SAP formula will produce a rate below the fixed borrower rate of 3.375 percent and the loan holder earns at the borrower rate of 3.375 percent. The difference between the fixed borrower rate and the lender's expected yield based on the SAP formula is referred to as Floor Income. Our student loan assets are generally funded with floating rate debt, so when student loans are earning at the fixed borrower rate, decreases in interest rates may increase Floor Income.

2


Graphic Depiction of Floor Income:

         GRAPHIC

Floor Income Contracts—We enter into contracts with counterparties under which, in exchange for an upfront fee representing the present value of the Floor Income that we expect to earn on a notional amount of student loans being hedged, we will pay the counterparties the Floor Income earned on that notional amount of student loans over the life of the Floor Income Contract. Specifically, we agree to pay the counterparty the difference, if positive, between the fixed borrower rate less the SAP (see definition below) spread and the average of the applicable interest rate index on that notional amount of student loans for a portion of the estimated life of the student loan. This contract effectively locks in the amount of Floor Income we will earn over the period of the contract. Floor Income Contracts are not considered effective hedges under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and each quarter we must record the change in fair value of these contracts through income.

GSE—The Student Loan Marketing Association was a federally chartered government-sponsored enterprise and wholly owned subsidiary of SLM Corporation that was dissolved under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definition below) on December 29, 2004.

HEA—The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended.

Managed Basis—We generally analyze the performance of our student loan portfolio on a Managed Basis, under which we view both on-balance sheet student loans and off-balance sheet student loans owned by the securitization trusts as a single portfolio, and the related on-balance sheet financings are combined with off-balance sheet debt. When the term Managed is capitalized in this document, it is referring to Managed Basis.

Offset Fee—We were required to pay to ED an annual 30 basis point Offset Fee on the outstanding balance of Stafford and PLUS student loans purchased and held by the GSE after August 10, 1993. The fee did not apply to student loans sold to securitized trusts or to loans held outside of the GSE. This fee no longer applies, as the GSE was dissolved under the terms of the Privatization Act on December 29, 2004.

Preferred Channel Originations—Preferred Channel Originations are comprised of: 1) student loans that are originated by lenders with forward purchase commitment agreements with Sallie Mae and are

3



committed for sale to Sallie Mae, such that we either own them from inception or acquire them soon after origination, and 2) loans that are originated by internally marketed Sallie Mae brands.

Preferred Lender List—To streamline the student loan process, most higher education institutions select a small number of lenders to recommend to their students and parents. This recommended list is referred to as the Preferred Lender List.

Private Education Loans (formerly referred to as "Private Credit Student Loans")—Education loans to students or parents of students that are not guaranteed or reinsured under the FFELP or any other federal student loan program. Private Education Loans include loans for traditional higher education, undergraduate and graduate degrees, and for alternative education, such as career training, private kindergarten through secondary education schools and tutorial schools. Traditional higher education loans have repayment terms similar to FFELP loans, whereby repayments begin after the borrower leaves school. Repayment for alternative education or career training loans begins immediately.

Privatization Act—The Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996.

Residual Interest—When we securitize student loans, we retain the right to receive cash flows from the student loans sold to trusts we sponsor in excess of amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student loans. The Residual Interest is the present value of the future expected cash flows from off-balance sheet student loans in securitized trusts, which includes the present value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income described above. We value the Residual Interest at the time of sale of the student loans to the trust and at the end of each subsequent quarter.

Retained Interest—The Retained Interest includes the Residual Interest (defined above) and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities).

Risk Sharing—When a FFELP loan defaults, the federal government guarantees 98 percent of the principal balance plus accrued interest and the holder of the loan generally must absorb the two percent not guaranteed as a Risk Sharing loss on the loan. FFELP student loans acquired after October 1, 1993 are subject to Risk Sharing on loan default claim payments unless the default results from the borrower's death, disability or bankruptcy. FFELP loans serviced by a servicer that has EP designation from ED are not subject to Risk Sharing.

Special Allowance Payment ("SAP")—FFELP student loans generally earn interest at the greater of the borrower rate or a floating rate determined by reference to the average of the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill rate or commercial paper) in a calendar quarter, plus a fixed spread that is dependent upon when the loan was originated and the loan's repayment status. If the resulting floating rate exceeds the borrower rate, ED pays the difference directly to us. This payment is referred to as the Special Allowance Payment or SAP and the formula used to determine the floating rate is the SAP formula. We refer to the fixed spread to the underlying index as the SAP spread.

Title IV Programs and Title IV Loans—Student loan programs created under Title IV of the HEA, including the FFELP and the FDLP, and student loans originated under those programs, respectively.

Wind-Down—The dissolution of the GSE under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definition above).

Variable Rate Floor Income—For FFELP Stafford student loans whose borrower interest rate resets annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income or Embedded Floor Income (see definitions above) based on a calculation of the difference between the borrower rate and the then current interest rate. We refer to this as Variable Rate Floor Income because Floor Income is earned only through the next reset date.

4



SLM CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
June 30, 2005

Part I. Financial Information    
Item 1.   Financial Statements   6
Item 2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   35
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   87
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures   89
Part II. Other Information    
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings   90
Item 2.   Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities   91
Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities   91
Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   91
Item 5.   Other Information   92
Item 6.   Exhibits   92

Signatures

 

93

5



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements


SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
  (Unaudited)

   
Assets            
Federally insured student loans (net of allowance for losses of $5,313 and $7,778, respectively)   $ 66,733,409   $ 60,561,439
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $228,205 and $171,886 respectively)     6,097,102     5,419,611
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $12,764 and $11,148, respectively)     962,017     1,047,745
Investments            
  Available-for-sale     2,396,947     3,274,123
  Other     223,620     304,700
   
 
Total investments     2,620,567     3,578,823
Cash and cash equivalents     1,017,369     3,395,487
Restricted cash and investments     2,422,714     2,211,643
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,631,308     2,316,388
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     1,003,427     1,066,142
Other assets     3,270,831     4,496,248
   
 
Total assets   $ 86,758,744   $ 84,093,526
   
 
Liabilities            
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,679,612   $ 2,207,095
Long-term borrowings     75,017,121     75,914,573
Other liabilities     3,336,943     2,797,921
   
 
Total liabilities     83,033,676     80,919,589
   
 
Commitments and contingencies            

Minority interest in subsidiaries

 

 

73,330

 

 

71,633

Stockholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300 and 3,300 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000 and 0 shares issued, respectively at stated value of $100 per share     565,000     165,000
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 486,706 and 483,266 shares issued, respectively     97,341     96,654
Additional paid-in capital     2,035,676     1,905,460
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax of $254,758 and $237,285, respectively)     473,121     440,672
Retained earnings     2,862,730     2,521,740
   
 
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     6,033,868     5,129,526
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 66,532 and 59,634 shares, respectively     2,382,130     2,027,222
   
 
Total stockholders' equity     3,651,738     3,102,304
   
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 86,758,744   $ 84,093,526
   
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

Interest income:                        
  Federally insured student loans   $ 792,939   $ 492,166   $ 1,492,093   $ 961,133
  Private Education Loans     126,809     76,613     256,425     153,202
  Other loans     20,046     18,126     40,199     36,502
  Cash and investments     54,245     52,534     116,294     95,991
   
 
 
 
Total interest income     994,039     639,439     1,905,011     1,246,828

Interest expense:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Short-term debt     48,012     59,392     78,218     144,057
  Long-term debt     616,239     247,440     1,150,245     448,449
   
 
 
 
Total interest expense     664,251     306,832     1,228,463     592,506
   
 
 
 
Net interest income     329,788     332,607     676,548     654,322
Less: provisions for losses     78,948     28,344     125,471     68,162
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     250,840     304,263     551,077     586,160
   
 
 
 
Other income:                        
  Gains on student loan securitizations     262,001     197,840     311,895     311,794
  Servicing and securitization revenue     149,931     124,037     292,892     260,695
  Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     (105,940 )   386,147     (140,191 )   269,404
  Guarantor servicing fees     25,686     23,249     58,226     58,220
  Debt management fees and collections revenue     124,470     70,113     245,105     150,041
  Other     55,748     68,115     118,067     127,070
   
 
 
 
Total other income     511,896     869,501     885,994     1,177,224

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Salaries and benefits     151,336     113,512     298,268     239,753
  Other     136,077     92,539     251,436     175,175
   
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     287,413     206,051     549,704     414,928
   
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     475,323     967,713     887,367     1,348,456
Income taxes     176,573     352,787     363,039     442,065
   
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     298,750     614,926     524,328     906,391
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2,235         4,429    
   
 
 
 
Net income     296,515     614,926     519,899     906,391
Preferred stock dividends     3,908     2,864     6,783     5,750
   
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 292,607   $ 612,062   $ 513,116   $ 900,641
   
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ .70   $ 1.39   $ 1.22   $ 2.04
   
 
 
 
Average common shares outstanding     419,497     439,901     420,206     441,283
   
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .66   $ 1.29   $ 1.15   $ 1.89
   
 
 
 
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding     461,900     478,497     462,454     480,278
   
 
 
 
Dividends per common share   $ .22   $ .19   $ .41   $ .36
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 
   
  Common Stock Shares
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

   
   
   
 
 
  Preferred
Stock
Shares

  Preferred
Stock

  Common
Stock

  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Retained
Earnings

  Treasury
Stock

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Issued
  Treasury
  Outstanding
 
Balance at March 31, 2004   3,300,000   476,442,138   (33,533,482 ) 442,908,656   $ 165,000   $ 95,289   $ 1,670,640   $ 534,445   $ 1,153,100   $ (880,823 ) $ 2,737,651  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             614,926           614,926  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       (176,183 )               (176,183 )
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       (2,307 )               (2,307 )
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         436,436  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.19 per share)                                             (81,599 )         (81,599 )
  Preferred stock ($.87 per share)                                             (2,864 )         (2,864 )
Issuance of common shares       2,280,389   6,879   2,287,268           456     67,438                 273     68,167  
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 9,206                       9,206  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Open market repurchases           (563,500 ) (563,500 )                                 (21,554 )   (21,554 )
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (5,518,800 ) (5,518,800 )                                 (210,077 )   (210,077 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (8,944 )   (8,944 )
  Benefit plans           (151,180 ) (151,180 )                                 (5,756 )   (5,756 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2004   3,300,000   478,722,527   (39,760,083 ) 438,962,444   $ 165,000   $ 95,745   $ 1,747,284   $ 355,955   $ 1,683,563   $ (1,126,881 ) $ 2,920,666  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2005   3,300,000   484,917,447   (62,936,107 ) 421,981,340   $ 165,000   $ 96,984   $ 1,969,881   $ 374,574   $ 2,662,316   $ (2,203,773 ) $ 3,064,982  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             296,515           296,515  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       87,529                 87,529  
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       11,018                 11,018  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         395,062  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.22 per share)                                             (92,193 )         (92,193 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)                                             (2,875 )         (2,875 )
  Preferred stock, series B ($.25 per share)                                             (995 )         (995 )
Issuance of common shares       1,788,696   8,711   1,797,407           357     57,781                 440     58,578  
Issuance of preferred shares   4,000,000                 400,000                                   400,000  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization                                 (2,962 )         (38 )         (3,000 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 10,976                       10,976  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (3,347,272 ) (3,347,272 )                                 (162,500 )   (162,500 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (3,807 )   (3,807 )
  Benefit plans           (257,237 ) (257,237 )                                 (12,490 )   (12,490 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2005   7,300,000   486,706,143   (66,531,905 ) 420,174,238   $ 565,000   $ 97,341   $ 2,035,676   $ 473,121   $ 2,862,730   $ (2,382,130 ) $ 3,651,738  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 
   
  Common Stock Shares
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

   
   
   
 
 
  Preferred
Stock
Shares

  Preferred
Stock

  Common
Stock

  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Retained
Earnings

  Treasury
Stock

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Issued
  Treasury
  Outstanding
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   3,300,000   472,642,996   (24,964,753 ) 447,678,243   $ 165,000   $ 94,529   $ 1,553,240   $ 425,621   $ 941,284   $ (549,628 ) $ 2,630,046  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             906,391           906,391  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       (71,994 )               (71,994 )
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       2,686                 2,686  
    Minority pension liability adjustment                                       (358 )               (358 )
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         836,725  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.36 per share)                                             (158,362 )         (158,362 )
  Preferred stock ($1.74 per share)                                             (5,750 )         (5,750 )
Issuance of common shares       6,079,531   53,128   6,132,659           1,216     163,491                 2,047     166,754  
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 30,553                       30,553  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Open market repurchases           (563,500 ) (563,500 )                                 (21,554 )   (21,554 )
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (13,410,460 ) (13,410,460 )                                 (450,122 )   (450,122 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (72,650 )   (72,650 )
  Benefit plans           (874,498 ) (874,498 )                                 (34,974 )   (34,974 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2004   3,300,000   478,722,527   (39,760,083 ) 438,962,444   $ 165,000   $ 95,745   $ 1,747,284   $ 355,955   $ 1,683,563   $ (1,126,881 ) $ 2,920,666  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2004   3,300,000   483,266,408   (59,634,019 ) 423,632,389   $ 165,000   $ 96,654   $ 1,905,460   $ 440,672   $ 2,521,740   $ (2,027,222 ) $ 3,102,304  
Comprehensive income:                                                            
  Net income                                             519,899           519,899  
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                                                            
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax                                       30,744                 30,744  
    Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax                                       1,705                 1,705  
                                                       
 
Comprehensive income                                                         552,348  
Dividends:                                                            
  Common stock ($.41 per share)                                             (172,126 )         (172,126 )
  Preferred stock, series A ($1.74 per share)                                             (5,750 )         (5,750 )
  Preferred stock, series B ($.25 per share)                                             (995 )         (995 )
Issuance of common shares       3,439,735   64,997   3,504,732           687     110,860                 3,275     114,822  
Issuance of preferred shares   4,000,000                 400,000                                   400,000  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization                                 (2,962 )         (38 )         (3,000 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans                                 22,318                       22,318  
Repurchase of common shares:                                                            
  Equity forwards:                                                            
    Exercise cost, cash           (6,469,653 ) (6,469,653 )                                 (320,086 )   (320,086 )
    Gain on settlement                                               (13,830 )   (13,830 )
  Benefit plans           (493,230 ) (493,230 )                                 (24,267 )   (24,267 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2005   7,300,000   486,706,143   (66,531,905 ) 420,174,238   $ 565,000   $ 97,341   $ 2,035,676   $ 473,121   $ 2,862,730   $ (2,382,130 ) $ 3,651,738  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

9



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)

 
  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  (Unaudited)

  (Unaudited)

 
Operating activities              
Net income   $ 519,899   $ 906,391  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:              
  Gains on student loan securitizations     (311,895 )   (311,794 )
  Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities, excluding equity forwards     (174,737 )   (529,536 )
  Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities—equity forwards     98,235     (137,074 )
  Provisions for losses     125,471     68,162  
  Minority interest, net     (4,763 )    
  Mortgage loans originated     (798,044 )   (750,697 )
  Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans     730,936     614,185  
  Increase in restricted cash     (319,396 )   (853,779 )
  Increase in accrued interest receivable     (321,428 )   (389,975 )
  Increase in accrued interest payable     5,936     182,100  
  Decrease in Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans, net     24,769     55,823  
  Decrease in other assets, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     313,547     577,362  
  Increase (decrease) in other liabilities     716,397     (482,567 )
   
 
 
Total adjustments     85,028     (1,957,790 )
   
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     604,927     (1,051,399 )
   
 
 
Investing activities              
  Student loans acquired     (14,976,607 )   (11,616,587 )
  Loans purchased from securitized trusts (primarily through loan consolidations)     (4,252,382 )   (1,485,481 )
  Reduction of student loans:              
    Installment payments     2,722,009     2,720,112  
    Claims and resales     527,901     386,256  
    Proceeds from securitization of student loans treated as sales     9,045,932     8,029,746  
    Proceeds from sales of student loans     17,572     469,449  
  Other loans made     (199,270 )   (213,177 )
  Other loans repaid     351,106     403,641  
  Purchases of available-for-sale securities     (35,376,983 )   (93,031,060 )
  Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities     983,469      
  Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities     35,291,350     91,851,072  
  Purchases of held-to-maturity and other securities     (229,716 )   (137,103 )
  Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities and other securities     340,058     193,722  
  Return of investment from Retained Interest     117,487     271,777  
   
 
 
  Net cash used in investing activities     (5,638,074 )   (2,157,633 )
   
 
 
Financing activities              
  Short-term borrowings issued     37,970,620     290,576,306  
  Short-term borrowings repaid     (37,947,271 )   (294,462,539 )
  Long-term borrowings issued     3,271,567     10,290,547  
  Long-term borrowings repaid     (2,935,640 )   (9,802,300 )
  Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust issued     2,287,461     14,617,541  
  Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust—activity     19,694     100,670  
  Common stock issued     114,822     166,754  
  Common stock repurchased     (344,353 )   (506,650 )
  Common stock dividends paid     (172,126 )   (158,362 )
  Preferred stock issued     397,000      
  Preferred stock dividends accrued and paid     (6,745 )   (5,750 )
   
 
 
  Net cash provided by financing activities     2,655,029     10,816,217  
   
 
 
  Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents     (2,378,118 )   7,607,185  
  Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     3,395,487     1,847,585  
   
 
 
  Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 1,017,369   $ 9,454,770  
   
 
 
Cash disbursements made for:              
  Interest   $ 1,039,093   $ 518,947  
   
 
 
  Income taxes   $ 87,373   $ 405,946  
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

10



SLM CORPORTION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information at June 30, 2005 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2005 and 2004 is unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1.    Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements of SLM Corporation (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2005. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Reclassifications

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2004 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2005.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

        In May 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 154, "Accounting Changes and Error Corrections," which is a replacement of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes," and SFAS No. 3, "Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements." This statement changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This statement applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle and applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. This statement requires retrospective application to prior periods' financial statements of changes in accounting principle, unless it is impracticable to determine either the period-specific effects or the cumulative effect of the change. When it is impracticable to determine the period-specific effects of an accounting change on one or more individual prior periods presented, this statement requires that the new accounting principle be applied to the balances of assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the earliest period for which retrospective application is practicable and that a corresponding adjustment be made to the opening balance of retained earnings for that period rather than being reported in an income statement. This statement is effective for accounting changes made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 154 on January 1, 2006.

11


        On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), "Share-Based Payment," which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Generally, the approach in SFAS No. 123(R) is similar to the approach described in SFAS No. 123. However, SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative. The new standard will be effective for public entities (excluding small business issuers) for the fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS No. 123(R) allows for two transition alternatives for public companies: (a) modified-prospective transition or (b) modified-retrospective transition. Management is still evaluating both methods, but has tentatively decided to apply the modified-retrospective transition alternative for all periods presented and will recognize compensation cost in the amounts previously reported in the pro forma footnote disclosure under the provisions of SFAS No. 123. Had the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) for the first six months of 2005, its diluted earnings per share would have been $.04 lower, and going forward, the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) should have a similar effect on diluted earnings per share. The Company plans to adopt SFAS No. 123(R) in January 2006.

        In December 2004, the Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 04-8, "The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings per Share," which addresses the timing of the inclusion of the dilutive effect of contingently convertible debt instruments ("Co-Cos") in diluted earnings per share ("diluted EPS"). Co-Cos are generally convertible into the common shares of the issuer after the common stock share price exceeds a predetermined threshold for a specified time period, generally referred to as the market price trigger. EITF No. 04-8 requires the shares underlying the Co-Cos be included in diluted EPS computations regardless of whether the market price trigger or the conversion price has been met, using the "if-converted" accounting method. EITF No. 04-8 was effective for reporting periods ending after December 15, 2004 with retroactive restatement to all required reporting periods. As a result, the diluted EPS amounts have been retroactively restated for all prior periods presented to give effect to the application of EITF No. 04-8 as it relates to the Company's $2 billion Co-Cos issued in May 2003. The effect of the adoption of EITF No. 04-8 was to decrease diluted EPS, by $.02 and $.07 per share for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and by $.04 and $.11 per share for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. See Note 5, "Common Stock" for a more detailed calculation of the negative impact of the Co-Cos on diluted EPS.

Stock-Based Compensation

        The Company has elected to continue to follow the intrinsic value method of accounting as prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," to account for employee stock options (see "Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—Share Based Payment" above). Under APB No. 25, the Company does not recognize compensation expense on fixed award plans unless the exercise price of its employee stock options is less than the market price of the

12



underlying stock on the date of grant. The Company grants all of its options at the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Consequently, the Company has not recorded such expense in the periods presented.

        The fair values for the options granted in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 were estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following weighted average assumptions:

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Risk free interest rate   3.77 % 3.05 % 3.86 % 2.12 %
Expected volatility   21.64 % 16.75 % 22.62 % 14.15 %
Expected dividend rate   1.73 % 1.97 % 1.55 % 1.63 %
Expected life of the option   5 years   3 years   5 years   3 years  

        The following table summarizes pro forma disclosures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, as if the Company had accounted for employee and Board of Directors stock options granted subsequent to December 31, 1994 under the fair market value method as set forth in SFAS No. 123. The option value is amortized over an assumed vesting period of three years or to the actual date of vesting, whichever comes first.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 292,607   $ 612,062   $ 513,116   $ 900,641  
Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects     (7,633 )   (6,580 )   (17,413 )   (23,078 )
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma net income attributable to common stock   $ 284,974   $ 605,482   $ 495,703   $ 877,563  
   
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ .70   $ 1.39   $ 1.22   $ 2.04  
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma basic earnings per common share   $ .68   $ 1.38   $ 1.18   $ 1.99  
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .66   $ 1.29   $ 1.15   $ 1.89  
   
 
 
 
 
Pro forma diluted earnings per common share   $ .64   $ 1.28   $ 1.11   $ 1.85  
   
 
 
 
 

2.    Allowance for Student Loan Losses

        The provisions for student loan losses represent the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the student loan portfolios. The evaluation of the provisions for student loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may

13



be susceptible to significant changes. The Company believes that the allowance for student loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses in the student loan portfolios.

Change in Accounting Estimate to the Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recognition of Accrued Interest Income for Private Education Loans

        The maturing of the Company's Private Education Loan portfolios has provided more historical data on borrower default behavior such that those portfolios can now be analyzed to determine the effects that the various stages of delinquency have on borrower default behavior and ultimate charge-off. As a result, in the second quarter of 2005, the Company's estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest for the Company's student loan portfolio was changed to a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge off. This is a widely used reserving methodology in the consumer finance industry. Previously, the Company calculated its allowance for Private Education Loan losses by estimating the probable losses in the portfolio based primarily on loan characteristics and where pools of loans were in their life with less emphasis on current delinquency status of the loan. Also, in the prior methodology for calculating the allowance, some loss rates were based on proxies and extrapolations of FFELP loan loss data.

        The Company also used a migration analysis to revise its estimates pertaining to its non-accrual policy for interest income. Under this methodology, the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans is estimated and written off against current period interest income. Under the Company's prior methodology, Private Education Loans continued to accrue interest, including in periods of forbearance, until they were charged off, at which time, the loans were placed on non-accrual status and all previously accrued interest was reversed against income in the month of charge off. The allowance for loan losses provided for a portion of the probable losses in accrued interest receivable prior to charge-off.

        This change in reserving methodology has been accounted for as a change in estimate in accordance with the FASB's APB Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes." The effect of this change was to increase the allowance by $40 million and to reduce student loan interest income for the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest receivable by $14 million. On the income statement, adjustments to the allowance are recorded through the provisions for loan losses whereas adjustments to accrued interest are recorded in interest income.

14



        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for both the Private Education Loan and federally insured student loan portfolios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Balance at beginning of period   $ 197,729   $ 203,451   $ 179,664   $ 211,709  
Additions:                          
  Provisions for student loan losses     75,373     26,281     118,517     64,074  
  Recoveries     4,605     3,316     9,513     6,162  
Deductions:                          
  Reductions for student loan sales and securitizations     (5,886 )   (11,080 )   (5,886 )   (32,182 )
  Charge-offs     (38,303 )   (24,809 )   (68,290 )   (52,604 )
   
 
 
 
 
Balance at end of period   $ 233,518   $ 197,159   $ 233,518   $ 197,159  
   
 
 
 
 

        In addition to the provisions for student loan losses, provisions for losses on other Company loans totaled $4 million and $2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively and $7 million and $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

15



        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for Private Education Loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 191   $ 154   $ 172   $ 166  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses     76     28     119     61  

Charge-offs

 

 

(38

)

 

(24

)

 

(66

)

 

(50

)
Recoveries     5     4     9     6  
   
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs     (33 )   (20 )   (57 )   (44 )
   
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     234     162     234     183  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (6 )   (7 )   (6 )   (28 )
   
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 228   $ 155   $ 228   $ 155  
   
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average total loans (annualized)     4.33 %   3.69 %   3.86 %   3.63 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     3.61 %   3.97 %   3.61 %   3.97 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     7.41 %   6.75 %   7.41 %   6.75 %
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.73     1.85     2.00     1.76  
Average total loans   $ 6,376   $ 4,375   $ 6,321   $ 4,761  
Ending total loans   $ 6,325   $ 3,897   $ 6,325   $ 3,897  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,042   $ 2,268   $ 2,960   $ 2,424  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,078   $ 2,296   $ 3,078   $ 2,296  

16


Delinquencies

        The table below presents the Company's Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2005 and 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.

 
  June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 3,307       $ 1,599      
Loans in forbearance(2)     190         170      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     2,756   89.5 %   2,048   89.2 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     133   4.4     96   4.2  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     69   2.2     58   2.5  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     120   3.9     94   4.1  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,078   100.0 %   2,296   100.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     6,575         4,065      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (250 )       (168 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     6,325         3,897      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (228 )       (155 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 6,097       $ 3,742      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     46.8 %       56.5 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     10.5 %       10.8 %    
   
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

17


3.    Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

        Intangible assets include the following:

 
   
  As of June 30, 2005
 
  Average
Amortization
Period

  Gross
  Accumulated
Amortization

  Net
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
Intangible assets subject to amortization:                      
  Customer, services, and lending relationships   12 years   $ 233   $ (62 ) $ 171
  Tax exempt bond funding(1)   10 years     66     (15 )   51
  Acquired software and technology   7 years     80     (45 )   35
  Non-compete agreements   2 years     9     (7 )   2
       
 
 
  Total         388     (129 )   259
       
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:                      
  Trade name and trademark   Indefinite     72         72
       
 
 
Total acquired intangible assets       $ 460   $ (129 ) $ 331
       
 
 

 


 

 


 

As of December 31, 2004

 
  Average Amortization
Period

  Gross
  Accumulated
Amortization

  Net
(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
Intangible assets subject to amortization:                      
  Customer, services, and lending relationships   12 years   $ 239   $ (48 ) $ 191
  Tax exempt bond funding(1)   10 years     64     (6 )   58
  Acquired software and technology   7 years     80     (39 )   41
  Non-compete agreements   2 years     9     (7 )   2
       
 
 
  Total         392     (100 )   292
       
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:                      
  Trade name and trademark   Indefinite     71         71
       
 
 
Total acquired intangible assets       $ 463   $ (100 ) $ 363
       
 
 

(1)
In connection with the Company's 2004 acquisition of Southwest Student Services Corporation, the Company acquired certain tax exempt bonds that enable the Company to earn a 9.5 percent Special Allowance Payment ("SAP") rate on student loans funded by those bonds in indentured trusts. If a student loan is removed from the trust such that it is no longer funded by the bonds, it ceases earning the 9.5 percent SAP. A different student loan can be substituted in the trust and begin earning the 9.5 percent SAP. This feature remains as long as the bonds are outstanding.

        The Company recorded amortization of $16 million and $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively and $29 million and $14 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

18



        A summary of changes in the Company's goodwill by reportable segment (see Note 10, "Segment Reporting") is as follows:

 
  December 31,
2004

  Acquisitions/
Adjustments

  June 30,
2005

(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
Lending   $ 440   $ (31 ) $ 409
Debt Management Operations     206     (1 )   205
Corporate and Other     57     1     58
   
 
 
Total   $ 703   $ (31 ) $ 672
   
 
 

        During the second quarter of 2005, the Company finalized the purchase price allocations for certain acquisitions in 2004. Acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting as defined in SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations." The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair value of the acquired tangible assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible assets as of the acquisition date as determined by an independent appraiser. Goodwill associated with the Company's acquisitions is reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," addressed further in Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," within the Company's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        In the second quarter of 2005, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation for the first step in a two step purchase of the secondary market and related businesses of Education Assistance Foundation ("EAF") and its affiliate, Student Loan Finance Association ("SLFA") and its subsidiaries, acquired on December 13, 2004, which resulted in an excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, or goodwill, of approximately $7 million. The first step of the transaction included a majority interest in SLFA's $1.8 billion student loan portfolio (and the related funding).

        On July 1, 2005, the Company closed the second step of the two step purchase of the secondary market and related businesses of EAF and its affiliate, SLFA and its subsidiaries. The purchase price for the second closing transaction was approximately $59 million. The second step involved purchasing the remaining interests in certain student loan assets (and the related funding) which were transferred to Washington Transferee Corporation ("WTC") and Idaho Transferee Corporation ("ITC") from certain SLFA subsidiaries as part of the first closing process. WTC is now named Student Loan Finance Association—Washington, Inc., and ITC is now named Student Loan Finance Association, Inc.

4.    Student Loan Securitization

Securitization Activity

        The Company securitizes its student loan assets, and for transactions qualifying as sales, retains a Residual Interest, which may include reserve and other cash accounts, and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities), all of which are referred to as the Company's Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans. The Residual Interest is the right to receive cash flows from the student loans and reserve accounts in excess of the amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student

19



loans. The investors or the securitization trusts have no recourse to the Company's other assets should there be a failure of the student loans to pay when due.

        The following table summarizes the Company's securitization activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on-balance sheet.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans     $   $   % 2   $ 5,502   $ 71   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   1     1,282     127   9.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   3     5,516   $ 262   4.7 % 3     6,784   $ 198   2.9 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans(1)   1     2,226             1     2,446            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   1     2,226             2     6,632            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   4   $ 7,742             5   $ 13,416            
   
 
           
 
           

 


 

Six months ended June 30,


 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans   2   $ 3,530   $ 50   1.4 % 2   $ 5,502   $ 71   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   2     2,534     241   9.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   5     9,046   $ 312   3.4 % 4     8,036   $ 312   3.9 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-based commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans(1)   1     2,226             4     10,469            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   1     2,226             5     14,655            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   6   $ 11,272             9   $ 22,691            
   
 
           
 
           

(1)
In certain Consolidation Loan securitization structures, the Company holds certain rights that can affect the remarketing of certain bonds such that these securitizations did not qualify as qualifying special purpose entities ("QSPEs"). Accordingly, they are accounted for on-balance sheet as variable interest entities ("VIEs").

        The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transaction is primarily due to a decrease in the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") assumption used in the calculation of the gain on sale. A lower CPR lengthens the life of the trust, and, all things being equal, increases its earnings. The gain was also positively impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized and improved funding spreads.

20


        The table below presents the key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of Residual Interests at the date of securitization resulting from the student loan securitization sale transactions completed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford(1)

  Consolidation
  Private
Education

  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation(1)
  Private
Education

 
Prepayment speed     6 % 3 % **     6 %
Weighted-average life     7.9  yrs. 9.0  yrs. 4.3  yrs.   7.5  yrs.
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)     % 4.38 % .16 %   4.70 %
Residual cash flows discounted at (weighted average)     10.1 % 12.4 % 12 %   12 %

 


 

Six months ended June 30,


 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation
  Private
Education

  FFELP
Stafford

  Consolidation(1)
  Private
Education

 
Prepayment speed   *   6 % 3 % **     6 %
Weighted-average life   4.0  yrs. 7.9  yrs. 9.0  yrs. 4.3  yrs.   7.2  yrs.
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)       4.38 % .16 %   4.72 %
Residual cash flows discounted at (weightedaverage)   12 % 10.1 % 12.4 % 12 %   12 %

(1)
No securitizations in the period, or such securitizations did not qualify for sale treatment.

*
20 percent for 2005, 15 percent for 2006 and 6 percent thereafter.

**
20 percent for 2004, 15 percent for 2005 and 6 percent thereafter.

21


Retained Interest

        The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's Retained Interests along with the underlying off-balance sheet student loans that relate to those securitizations in transactions that were treated as sales.

 
  As of June 30, 2005
  As of December 31, 2004
 
  Retained
Interest
Fair Value(3)

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan Balance

  Retained
Interest
Fair Value(3)

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan Balance

(Dollars in millions)

   
   
   
   
FFELP Stafford loans   $ 1,074   $ 24,680   $ 1,037   $ 27,444
Consolidation Loans(1)     627     10,990     585     7,393
Private Education Loans     930     7,633     694     6,309
   
 
 
 
  Total(2)   $ 2,631   $ 43,303   $ 2,316   $ 41,146
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes $381 million and $399 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.

(2)
Unrealized gains (pre-tax) included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Retained Interests totaled $518 million and $445 million as of June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.

(3)
The Company recorded $24 million and $50 million of impairment related to the Retained Interests for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The impairment charges are primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected through loan consolidation and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income which is part of the Retained Interest. These impairment charges are recorded as a loss and are included as a reduction to securitization revenue. Due to the record level of consolidation activity, much of which will continue to be processed in the third quarter of 2005, the Company expects to record additional impairment related to their FFELP Stafford Residual Interests in the third quarter of 2005 when the loans are actually consolidated and bought out of the trusts.

        In addition to student loans in off-balance sheet trusts, the Company had $32.4 billion and $31.5 billion of securitized student loans outstanding (face amount) as of June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, in on-balance sheet securitization trusts.

22



5.    Common Stock

        The following table summarizes the Company's common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
   
Common shares repurchased:                        
  Open market         .6         .6
  Equity forwards     3.3     5.5     6.4     13.4
  Benefit plans(1)     .3     .1     .6     .8
   
 
 
 
  Total shares repurchased     3.6     6.2     7.0     14.8
   
 
 
 
  Average purchase price per share   $ 48.55   $ 38.08   $ 49.46   $ 34.12
   
 
 
 
Common shares issued     1.8     2.3     3.5     6.1
   
 
 
 
Equity forward contracts:                        
  Outstanding at beginning of period     46.6     39.8     42.8     43.5
  New contracts     8.4     12.9     15.3     17.1
  Exercises     (3.3)     (5.5)     (6.4)     (13.4)
   
 
 
 
  Outstanding at end of period     51.7     47.2     51.7     47.2
   
 
 
 
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards(2)     20.5     20.7     20.5     20.7
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

(2)
In October 2004, the Board authorized an additional 30 million shares for repurchase.

        As of June 30, 2005, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:

Year of maturity

  Outstanding
contracts

  Range of
purchase prices

  Average
purchase
price

 
  (Shares in millions)

   
   
2006   2.2   $ 50.47   $ 50.47
2007   10.3     50.47     50.47
2008   7.9     50.47     50.47
2009   16.0     50.47     50.47
2010   15.3     47.09 – 49.58     48.56
   
       
    51.7         $ 49.91
   
       

        The closing price of the Company's common stock on June 30, 2005 was $50.80.

23



Earnings per Share

        Basic earnings per common share ("basic EPS") is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share ("diluted EPS") reflect the potential dilutive effect of (i) additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), determined by the treasury stock method, (ii) the assumed conversion of convertible debentures, determined by the "if-converted" method, and (iii) equity forwards, determined by the reverse treasury stock method.

        At June 30, 2005, the Company had $2 billion contingently convertible debentures ("Co-Cos") outstanding that are convertible, under certain conditions, into shares of SLM common stock at an initial conversion price of $65.98. The investors generally can only convert the debentures if the Company's common stock has appreciated for a prescribed period to 130 percent of the conversion price, which would amount to $85.77, or the Company calls the debentures. Per EITF No. 04-8, diluted EPS for all periods presented includes the potential dilutive effect of the Company's outstanding Co-Cos for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. (See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.")

24



        A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations is as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004:

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Numerator:                          
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 292,607   $ 612,062   $ 513,116   $ 900,641  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes     10,297     4,364     18,916     8,658  
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted   $ 302,904   $ 616,426   $ 532,032   $ 909,299  
   
 
 
 
 
Denominator:                          
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic EPS     419,497     439,901     420,206     441,283  
Effect of dilutive securities:                          
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     12,091     8,284     11,936     8,683  
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312  
   
 
 
 
 
Dilutive potential common shares     42,403     38,596     42,248     38,995  
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted EPS     461,900     478,497     462,454     480,278  
   
 
 
 
 
Net earnings per share:                          
Basic EPS   $ .70   $ 1.39   $ 1.22   $ 2.04  
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     (.02 )   (.03 )   (.03 )   (.04 )
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     (.02 )   (.07 )   (.04 )   (.11 )
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ .66   $ 1.29   $ 1.15   $ 1.89  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
For the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 14 million and 33 million shares, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 19 million and 35 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

6.    Preferred Stock

        On June 8, 2005, the Company sold four million shares of Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B (the "Series B Preferred Stock") in a registered public offering. Net proceeds from the sale of the Series B Preferred Stock, after deducting underwriting fees and before other fees and expenses of the offering, totaled approximately $397 million and will be used for general corporate purposes.

        Dividends on the shares of Series B Preferred Stock are not mandatory. When, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Company, holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive quarterly dividends, based on 3-month LIBOR plus 70 basis points per annum in arrears, on and until June 15, 2011, increasing to 3-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points per annum in arrears, after and including the period beginning on June 15, 2011.

25



        The Series B Preferred Stock does not have a maturity date, but can be redeemed at the Company's option on any dividend payment date on or after June 15, 2010, at the redemption price of $100 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends for the then quarterly dividend period, if any. The Series B Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any of the Company's other securities or property.

        Upon liquidation or dissolution of the Company, holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive $100 per share, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends for the then current quarterly dividend period, if any, pro rata with holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and before any distribution of assets are made to holders of the Company's common stock.

7.    Derivative Financial Instruments

Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact

        The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts or number of contracts of all derivative instruments at June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. At June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, $713 million and $524 million (fair value), respectively, of available-for-sale investment securities and $46 million and $222 million, respectively, of cash were pledged as collateral against these derivative instruments.

 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
Fair Values
(Dollars in millions)

  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Interest rate swaps   $ 4   $ 25   $ 1   $ (176 ) $ (21 ) $ (84 ) $ (16 ) $ (235 )
Floor/Cap contracts                     (729 )   (625 )   (729 )   (625 )
Futures                     (1 )   (2 )   (1 )   (2 )
Equity forwards                     52     139     52     139  
Cross currency interest rate swaps             595     1,839             595     1,839  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4   $ 25   $ 596   $ 1,663   $ (699 ) $ (572 ) $ (99 ) $ 1,116  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Notional Values
(Dollars in billions)

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Interest rate swaps   $ 4.4   $ 5.8   $ 12.8   $ 13.4   $ 115.9   $ 85.9   $ 133.1   $ 105.1  
Floor/Cap contracts                     45.7     41.7     45.7     41.7  
Futures     .2     1.0             .6     6.5     .8     7.5  
Cross currency interest rate swaps             14.7     13.7             14.7     13.7  
Other(1)                     2.0     2.0     2.0     2.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4.6   $ 6.8   $ 27.5   $ 27.1   $ 164.2   $ 136.1   $ 196.3   $ 170.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Contracts
(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Equity forwards                     51.7     42.8     51.7     42.8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
"Other" consists of an embedded derivative bifurcated from the convertible debenture issuance that relates primarily to certain contingent interest and conversion features of the debt. The embedded derivative has had zero fair value since inception.

26


 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax                                                  
Hedge ineffectiveness reclassified to earnings   $   $ 3   $   $   $   $   $   $ 3  
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges     3     (9 )                   3     (9 )
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)     8     4                     8     4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net   $ 11   $ (2 ) $   $   $   $   $ 11   $ (2 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Earnings Summary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Amortization of closed futures contracts' gains/losses in interest expense(2)   $ (11 ) $ (6 ) $   $   $   $   $ (11 ) $ (6 )
Losses on derivative and hedging activities—Realized(3)         (4 )           (94 )   (177 )   (94 )   (181 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities—Unrealized                 (1 )(4)   (12 )   568     (12 )   567  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total earnings impact   $ (11 ) $ (10 ) $   $ (1 ) $ (106 ) $ 391   $ (117 ) $ 380  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  Cash Flow
  Fair Value
  Trading
  Total
 
(Dollars in millions)

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax                                                  
Hedge ineffectiveness reclassified to earnings   $   $ 3   $   $   $   $   $   $ 3  
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges     (13 )   (7 )                   (13 )   (7 )
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)     15     7                     15     7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net   $ 2   $ 3   $   $   $   $   $ 2   $ 3  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Earnings Summary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Amortization of closed futures contracts' gains/losses in interest expense(2)   $ (23 ) $ (11 ) $   $   $   $   $ (23 ) $ (11 )
Losses on derivative and hedging activities—Realized(3)         (4 )           (216 )   (393 )   (216 )   (397 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities—Unrealized             (12 )(4)   (3 )(4)   88     669     76     666  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total earnings impact   $ (23 ) $ (15 ) $ (12 ) $ (3 ) $ (128 ) $ 276   $ (163 ) $ 258  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
The Company expects to amortize $17 million of after-tax net losses from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings during the next 12 months related to closed futures contracts that were hedging the forecasted issuance of debt instruments that are outstanding as of June 30, 2005.

(2)
For futures contracts that qualify as SFAS No. 133 hedges where the hedged transaction occurs.

(3)
Includes net settlement income/expense related to trading derivatives and realized gains and losses related to derivative dispositions.

(4)
The change in the fair value of cash flow and fair value hedges represents amounts related to ineffectiveness.

27


8.    Pension Plans

       Effective July 1, 2004, the Company's qualified and supplemental pension plans (the "Pension Plans") were frozen with respect to new entrants and participants with less than five years of service. No further benefits will accrue with respect to such participants under the Pension Plans, other than interest accruals on cash balance accounts. These participants were fully vested as of June 30, 2004.

        For those participants continuing to accrue benefits under the Pension Plans, benefits are credited using a cash balance formula. Under the formula, each participant has an account, for record keeping purposes only, to which credits are allocated each payroll period based on a percentage of the participant's compensation for the current pay period. The applicable percentage is determined by the participant's number of years of service with the Company. If an individual participated in the Company's prior pension plan as of September 30, 1999 and met certain age and service criteria, the participant ("grandfathered participant") will receive the greater of the benefits calculated under the prior plan, which uses a final average pay plan method, or the current plan under the cash balance formula.

Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost

        Net periodic pension cost included the following components:

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Service cost—benefits earned during the period   $ 2,473   $ 3,143   $ 4,946   $ 6,287  
Interest cost on project benefit obligations     2,806     2,815     5,612     5,629  
Expected return on plan assets     (4,108 )   (3,843 )   (8,217 )   (7,685 )
Net amortization and deferral     (30 )   (379 )   (59 )   (758 )
   
 
 
 
 
Net periodic pension cost   $ 1,141   $ 1,736   $ 2,282   $ 3,473  
   
 
 
 
 

Employer Contributions

        The Company previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004 that it did not expect to contribute to its qualified pension plan (the "Qualified Plan") in 2005. As of June 30, 2005, the Company had made no contributions to its Qualified Plan.

9.    Contingencies

        On May 20, 2005, the Company settled a lawsuit originally filed by College Loan Corporation in September 2002. The lawsuit challenged the Company's practices in interpreting the single holder rule, which provides that borrowers who have a single lender under the FFELP must first seek a Consolidation Loan from that lender.

        The settlement agreement includes a $14 million payment by the Company, net of an insurance payment. The agreement does not constitute any admission of liability by the Company and does not

28



require the Company to change its current practice related to the single holder rule, absent any legislative or regulatory change.

        The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sought to represent a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid "undisclosed improper and excessive" late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of one thousand five hundred dollars per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court's decision granting the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' amended compliant. Plaintiffs have appealed the Superior Court's December 27, 2004 dismissal order to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. All appellate briefing has been completed. The Company believes that it will prevail on the merits of this case if it becomes necessary to further litigate this matter.

        The Company is also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of the Company's reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in the Company's debt management operation group are named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that the Company has violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

10.    Segment Reporting

        The Company has two primary operating segments as defined in SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information"—the Lending and Debt Management Operations ("DMO") segments. The Lending and DMO operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments identified in SFAS No. 131. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. The Company has smaller operating segments including the Guarantor Servicing and Student Loan Servicing operating segments as well as certain other products and services provided to colleges and universities which do not meet the quantitative thresholds identified in SFAS No. 131. Therefore, the results of operations for these operating segments and the revenues and expenses associated with these other products and services are combined with corporate overhead and other corporate activities within the Corporate and Other reporting segment.

29



        The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on certain "core cash" measures. Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on these "core cash" measures. The Company's "core cash" measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core cash" measures reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

        The Company's principal operations are located in the United States, and its results of operations and long-lived assets in geographic regions outside of the United States are not significant. In the Lending segment, no individual customer accounted for more than ten percent of its total revenue during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. ("USA Funds") is the Company's largest customer in both the DMO and Corporate and Other segments. During the three months ending June 30, 2005 and 2004, it accounted for 41 percent and 60 percent, respectively, of the aggregate revenues generated by the Company's DMO and Corporate and Other segments. During the six months ending June 30, 2005 and 2004, USA Funds accounted for 42 percent and 62 percent, respectively, of the aggregate revenues generated by the Company's DMO and Corporate and Other segments. No other customers accounted for more than ten percent of total revenues in those segments for the years mentioned.

Lending

        In the Company's Lending business segment, the Company originates and acquires both federally guaranteed student loans which are administered by ED and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. Private Education Loans are primarily used by borrowers to supplement FFELP loans to meet the rising cost of education. The Company manages student loans for over 8 million borrowers totaling $117 billion at June 30, 2005, of which $103 billion or 88 percent are federally insured. In addition to education lending, the Company also originates mortgage and consumer loans with the intent of selling the majority of such loans. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, the Company originated $533 million and $926 million, respectively, in mortgage and consumer

30



loans and its mortgage and consumer loan portfolio totaled $556 million at June 30, 2005, of which $234 million pertained to mortgages in the held for sale portfolio.

DMO

        The Company provides a wide range of accounts receivable and collections services through five operating units that comprise its DMO operating segment. These services include defaulted student loan portfolio management services, contingency collections services for student loans and other asset classes, student loan default aversion services, and accounts receivable management and collection for purchased portfolios of receivables that have been charged off by their original creditors. The Company's DMO operating segment primarily serves the student loan marketplace through a broad array of default management services on a contingency fee or other pay for performance basis to ten FFELP guarantors and for campus based programs.

        In addition to collecting on its own purchased receivables, the DMO operating segment purchases charged-off debt. The DMO operating segment provides receivable management and collection services for large federal agencies, credit card clients and other holders of consumer debt.

Corporate and Other

        The Company's Corporate and Other business segment includes the aggregate activity of its smaller operating segments including its Guarantor Servicing and Loan Servicing business segments, other products and services as well as corporate overhead.

Financial Highlights

        The tables below include the condensed operating results for each of the Company's reportable segments. Management, including the "chief operating decision maker," evaluates the Company on certain non-GAAP performance measures that the Company refers to as "core cash" measures for each business segment. While "core cash" measures are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core cash" measures in operating each business segment because it believes these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.

        "Core cash" measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core cash" operating measures reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business. Reconciliation of the segment totals to the Company's consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.

31



Segment Results and Reconciliations to GAAP

 
  Three months ended
June 30, 2005

(Dollars in millions)

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment Totals
  Adjustments
  Total GAAP
Net interest income   $ 516   $   $   $ 516   $ (186 ) $ 330
Less: provisions for losses     14             14     65     79
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     502             502     (251 )   251
Fee income         82     26     108         108
Collections revenue         42         42         42
Other income     36         29     65     297     362
Operating expenses     124     66     81     271     17     288
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     153     22     (10 )   165     11     176
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1     1         2         2
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 260   $ 35   $ (16 ) $ 279   $ 18   $ 297
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Three months ended
June 30, 2004

(Dollars in millions)

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment Totals
  Adjustments
  Total GAAP
Net interest income   $ 445   $   $   $ 445   $ (113 ) $ 332
Less: provisions for losses     40             40     (12 )   28
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     405             405     (101 )   304
Fee income         70     23     93         93
Other income     48         24     72     705     777
Operating expenses     97     32     70     199     7     206
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     128     14     (8 )   134     219     353
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 228   $ 24   $ (15 ) $ 237   $ 378   $ 615
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

32


 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2005

(Dollars in millions)

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment Totals
  Adjustments
  Total GAAP
Net interest income   $ 1,010   $   $   $ 1,010   $ (333 ) $ 677
Less: provisions for loan losses     69             69     57     126
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     941             941     (390 )   551
Fee income         167     58     225         225
Collections revenue         78         78         78
Other income     72         61     133     450     583
Operating expenses     240     130     151     521     29     550
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     286     43     (12 )   317     46     363
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2     2         4         4
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 485   $ 70   $ (20 ) $ 535   $ (15 ) $ 520
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2004

(Dollars in millions)

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Segment Totals
  Adjustments
  Total GAAP
Net interest income   $ 878   $   $   $ 878   $ (224 ) $ 654
Less: provisions for loan losses     85             85     (17 )   68
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     793             793     (207 )   586
Fee income         150     58     208         208
Other income     77         54     131     838     969
Operating expenses     200     64     137     401     14     415
Income taxes(1)     241     31     (9 )   263     179     442
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 429   $ 55   $ (16 ) $ 468   $ 438   $ 906
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

        The adjustments required to reconcile from the Company's segment totals to its GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for securitization transactions, derivatives, Floor Income related to the Company's student loans, and certain other items that management does not consider in

33



evaluating the Company's operating results. The following table reflects aggregate adjustments associated with these areas for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Segment reporting adjustments to GAAP:                          
  Net impact of securitization accounting(1)   $ 107   $ 66   $ 75   $ 55  
  Net impact of derivative accounting(2)     (11 )   562     79     661  
  Net impact of Floor Income(3)     (51 )   (24 )   (94 )   (85 )
  Amortization of acquired intangibles(4)     (16 )   (7 )   (29 )   (14 )
  Net tax effect(5)     (11 )   (219 )   (46 )   (179 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total segment reporting adjustments to GAAP   $ 18   $ 378   $ (15 ) $ 438  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in the Company's Lending segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under the "core cash" measures for the Lending segment, the Company presents all securitization transactions on a Managed Basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from the "core cash" measures and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. The Company also excludes transactions with its off-balance sheet trusts which would be considered intercompany on a Managed Basis.

(2)
Derivative accounting: "Core cash" measures exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in the Company's Lending business segment, and to a lesser degree in the Company's Corporate and Other business segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP and recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item's life. The Company also excludes the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.

(3)
Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in the Company's Lending segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads and, therefore, the Company excludes such income from its "core cash" measures when it is not economically hedged. The Company employs derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in "Derivative Accounting," these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore under GAAP are marked-to-market through the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For "core cash" measures under the Lending segment, the Company reverses the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.

(4)
Other items: The Company excludes amortization of acquired intangibles.

(5)
Such tax effect is based upon the Company's "core cash" effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts.

34



Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

FORWARD-LOOKING AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

        Some of the statements contained in this quarterly report discuss future expectations and business strategies or include other "forward-looking" information. Those statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the statements. The forward-looking information is based on various factors and was derived using numerous assumptions. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.


OVERVIEW

        We are the largest source of funding, delivery and servicing support for education loans in the United States primarily through our participation in the FFELP. Our primary business is to originate, acquire and hold student loans, with the net interest income and gains on the sales of student loans in securitization being the primary source of our earnings. We also earn fees for pre-default and post-default receivables management services. We are now engaged in every phase of the student loan life cycle—from originating and servicing student loans to default prevention and ultimately the collection on defaulted student loans. We also provide a wide range of financial services, processing capabilities and information technology to meet the needs of educational institutions, lenders, students and their families, and guarantee agencies. SLM Corporation, more commonly known as Sallie Mae, is a holding company that operates through a number of subsidiaries and references in this report to the "Company" refer to SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries.

        We have used both internal growth and strategic acquisitions to attain our leadership position in the education finance marketplace. Our sales force, which delivers our products on campuses across the country, is the largest in the student loan industry. The core of our marketing strategy is to promote our on-campus brands, which generate student loan originations through our Preferred Channel. Loans generated through our Preferred Channel are more profitable than loans acquired through our forward purchase commitments or the spot market since we own them earlier in the student loan's life and we generally incur lower costs on such loans. We have built brand leadership between the Sallie Mae name, the brands of our subsidiaries and those of our lender partners, such that we capture volume of three of the top five originators of FFELP loans. These sales and marketing efforts are supported by the largest and most diversified servicing capabilities in the industry, providing an unmatched array of servicing capability to financial aid offices.

        In recent years we have diversified our business through the acquisition of several companies that provide default management and loan collections services, all of which are combined in our Debt Management Operations ("DMO") business segment. Initially these acquisitions were concentrated in the student loan industry, but through our acquisition of Arrow Financial Services ("AFS") in September 2004, we expanded our capabilities to include a full range of accounts receivable management services to a number of different industries. The DMO business segment has been expanding rapidly such that revenue grew 78 percent and 63 percent in the three and the six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2004, and we now employ over 3,000 people in this segment.

35



        In December 2004, we completed the Wind-Down of the GSE and are now a fully privatized company. We have defeased all remaining GSE debt obligations and dissolved the GSE's federal charter. The liquidity provided to the Company by the GSE has been replaced by non-GSE financing, including securitizations sponsored by non-GSE subsidiaries of SLM Corporation. This funding transformation was accomplished by increasing and diversifying our investor base over the last three years. We now have a number of sources of liquidity including our asset-backed commercial paper program ($5 billion in available borrowings) and our unsecured revolving credit facilities, which totaled $5 billion as of June 30, 2005.

        We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the Debt Management Operations ("DMO") operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented separately below under "BUSINESS SEGMENTS." These operating segments are considered reportable segments under the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements.

36


SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Condensed Statements of Income

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Increase (decrease)
  Six months ended
June 30,

  Increase (decrease)
 
 
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
 
Net interest income   $ 330   $ 332   $ (2 ) (1 )% $ 677   $ 654   $ 23   4 %
Less: provisions for losses     79     28     51   182     126     68     58   85  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     251     304     (53 ) (17 )   551     586     (35 ) (6 )
Gains on student loan
securitizations
    262     198     64   32     312     312        
Servicing and securitization
revenue
    150     124     26   21     293     261     32   12  
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     (106 )   386     (492 ) (127 )   (140 )   269     (409 ) (152 )
Guarantor servicing fees     26     23     3   13     58     58        
Debt management fees and collections revenue     124     70     54   77     245     150     95   63  
Other income     56     69     (13 ) (19 )   118     127     (9 ) (7 )
Operating expenses     288     206     82   40     550     415     135   33  
Income taxes     176     353     (177 ) (50 )   363     442     (79 ) (18 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2         2   100     4         4   100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income     297     615     (318 ) (52 )   520     906     (386 ) (43 )
Preferred stock dividends     4     3     1   33     7     6     1   17  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 293   $ 612   $ (319 ) (52 )% $ 513   $ 900   $ (387 ) (43 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share   $ .70   $ 1.39   $ (.69 ) (50 )% $ 1.22   $ 2.04   $ (.82 ) (40 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share   $ .66   $ 1.29   $ (.63 ) (49 )% $ 1.15   $ 1.89   $ (.74 ) (39 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends per common share   $ .22   $ .19   $ .03   16 % $ .41   $ .36   $ .05   14 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

37


Condensed Balance Sheets

 
   
   
  Increase (decrease)
 
 
  June 30, 2005
  December 31,
2004

 
 
  $
  %
 
Assets                        
Federally insured student loans, net   $ 66,734   $ 60,561   $ 6,173   10 %
Private Education Loans, net     6,097     5,420     677   12  
Other loans, net     962     1,048     (86 ) (8 )
Cash and investments     3,638     6,974     (3,336 ) (48 )
Restricted cash and investments     2,423     2,212     211   10  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,631     2,316     315   14  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net     1,003     1,066     (63 ) (6 )
Other assets     3,271     4,497     (1,226 ) (27 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total assets   $ 86,759   $ 84,094   $ 2,665   3 %
   
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                        
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,680   $ 2,207   $ 2,473   112 %
Long-term borrowings     75,017     75,915     (898 ) (1 )
Other liabilities     3,337     2,798     539   19  
   
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities     83,034     80,920     2,114   3  
   
 
 
 
 
Minority interest in subsidiaries     73     72     1   1  
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock     6,034     5,129     905   18  
Common stock held in treasury at cost     2,382     2,027     355   18  
   
 
 
 
 
Total stockholders' equity     3,652     3,102     550   18  
   
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 86,759   $ 84,094   $ 2,665   3 %
   
 
 
 
 

38


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS SUMMARY

Three Months Ended June 30, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2004

        For the three months ended June 30, 2005, net income of $297 million ($.66 diluted earnings per share) was a 52 percent decrease over net income of $615 million for the three months ended June 30, 2004. On a pre-tax basis, second quarter 2005 income of $475 million decreased by 51 percent from $968 million in the second quarter of 2004. This decrease can be primarily attributed to a $506 million decrease in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment (exclusive of equity forward contracts discussed below). In the second quarter of 2004, we recorded a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $390 million versus a loss on derivative and hedging activities of $116 million in the second quarter of 2005. Securitization gains in the second quarter of 2005 increased $64 million over the year-ago quarter, primarily due to the second quarter of 2005 securitization of Private Education Loans that resulted in a higher gain percentage compared to the year-ago quarter as a result of a reduction in the CPR used in the calculation of a residual asset, a larger amount of loans sold, and higher yielding assets. The year-over-year results were also affected by the change in our methodology for estimating the allowance for loan losses and the revision to our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income implemented in the second quarter of 2005. This change resulted in an increase to the provision for losses of $40 million and a reduction to net interest income of $14 million.

        The year-over-year increase in fee income and collections revenue of $57 million is primarily due to collections revenue from AFS, acquired in the third quarter of 2004. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $82 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2004: AFS, Southwest Student Services Corporation ("Southwest") and Student Loan Finance Association ("SLFA").

        The difference between book accounting and tax basis accounting for equity forward contracts can cause fluctuations in the effective tax rate. Under SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity," we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the second quarter of 2005, we recognized an unrealized gain on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $10 million versus an unrealized loss of $4 million in the second quarter of 2004.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2004

        For the six months ended June 30, 2005, net income was $520 million ($1.15 diluted earnings per share) versus net income of $906 million ($1.89 diluted earnings per share) in 2004. On a pre-tax basis, income for the six months ended June 30, 2005 decreased by 34 percent to $887 million versus $1.3 billion in the first six months of 2004. The decrease in pre-tax income is primarily due to a decrease in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment (exclusive of equity forward contracts discussed below) of $174 million. In the first six months of 2004, we recorded a gain on derivative and hedging activities of $132 million versus a loss on derivative and hedging activities of $42 million in the same period in 2005. Also, results for the first six months of 2005 were affected by the change in our methodology for estimating the allowance for loan losses and the revision to our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income implemented in the second quarter of 2005. This change resulted in an increase to the provision for losses of $40 million and a reduction to net interest income of $14 million. In the first half of 2005 and 2004, we recorded securitization gains of $312 million. While the overall gain was unchanged in the first half of 2005, we completed five transactions totaling $9 billion versus

39



$8 billion in the prior year. The overall decrease in the gains as a percentage of loans securitized is due to the year-over-year difference in the type and mix of loans securitized.

        The increase in the effective tax rate from 33 percent in the first six months of 2004 to 41 percent in the first six months of 2005 is due to the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes as discussed above. In the first half of 2005, we recognized unrealized losses on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $98 million versus unrealized gains of $137 million in the first half of 2004.

NET INTEREST INCOME

        Net interest income, including interest income and interest expense, is derived primarily from our portfolio of student loans that remain on-balance sheet and to a lesser extent from other loans, cash and investments. The "Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income" analysis below is designed to facilitate a comparison of non-taxable asset yields to taxable yields on a similar basis. Additional information regarding the return on our student loan portfolio is set forth under "Student Loans—Student Loan Spread Analysis." Information regarding the provisions for losses is contained in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, "Allowance for Student Loan Losses."

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

        The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Increase (decrease)
  Six months ended
June 30,

  Increase (decrease)
 
 
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
  2005
  2004
  $
  %
 
Interest income                                              
  Student loans   $ 920   $ 569   $ 351   62 % $ 1,749   $ 1,114   $ 635   57 %
  Other loans     20     18     2   11     40     37     3   8  
  Investments     54     52     2   4     116     96     20   21  
  Taxable equivalent adjustment     1     1           2     5     (3 ) (60 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total taxable equivalent interest income     995     640     355   55     1,907     1,252     655   52  
Interest expense     664     307     357   116     1,228     593     635   107  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 331   $ 333   $ (2 ) 1 % $ 679   $ 659   $ 20   3 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

40


Average Balance Sheets

        The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. This table reflects the net interest margin for the entire Company on a consolidated basis.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
Federally insured student loans   $ 64,204   4.95 % $ 50,424   3.93 %
Private Education Loans     6,376   7.98     4,375   7.04  
Other loans     1,051   7.83     982   7.77  
Cash and investments     5,206   4.24     12,729   1.67  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     76,837   5.20 %   68,510   3.76 %
         
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     6,627         6,983      
   
     
     
  Total assets   $ 83,464       $ 75,493      
   
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                      
Short-term borrowings   $ 5,308   3.63 % $ 14,243   1.68 %
Long-term notes     71,673   3.45     55,283   1.80  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     76,981   3.46 %   69,526   1.77 %
         
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     3,309         3,141      
Stockholders' equity     3,174         2,826      
   
     
     
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 83,464       $ 75,493      
   
     
     
Net interest margin         1.73 %       1.96 %
         
       
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
Federally insured student loans   $ 62,808   4.79 % $ 49,085   3.94 %
Private Education Loans     6,321   8.18     4,761   6.47  
Other loans     1,074   7.74     1,022   7.56  
Cash and investments     6,473   3.65     10,876   1.82  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     76,676   5.02 %   65,744   3.83 %
         
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     6,507         6,515      
   
     
     
  Total assets   $ 83,183       $ 72,259      
   
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                      
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,388   3.59 % $ 16,536   1.75 %
Long-term notes     72,461   3.20     49,726   1.81  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     76,849   3.22 %   66,262   1.80 %
         
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     3,267         3,314      
Stockholders' equity     3,067         2,683      
   
     
     
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 83,183       $ 72,259      
   
     
     
Net interest margin         1.78 %       2.02 %
         
       
 

41


Rate/Volume Analysis

        The following rate/volume analysis illustrates the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes.

 
   
  Increase (decrease)
attributable to
change in

 
  Taxable
equivalent
increase
(decrease)

 
  Rate
  Volume
Three months ended June 30, 2005 vs. three months ended June 30, 2004                  
Taxable equivalent interest income   $ 355   $ 213   $ 142
Interest expense     357     319     38
   
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ (2 ) $ (106 ) $ 104
   
 
 
 
   
 
Increase (decrease)
attributable to
change in

 
  Taxable
equivalent
increase
(decrease)

 
  Rate
  Volume
Six months ended June 30, 2005 vs. six months ended June 30, 2004                  
Taxable equivalent interest income   $ 655   $ 379   $ 276
Interest expense     635     536     99
   
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 20   $ (157 ) $ 177
   
 
 

        The decrease in the net interest margin in the three months ended June 30, 2005 versus the three months ended June 30, 2004 was primarily due to a $14 million reduction in interest income from the revision of our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income that is discussed in detail at "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT—Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses—Change in Accounting Estimate to the Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recognition of Accrued Interest Income for Private Education Loans" and to the decrease in Floor Income and other student loan spread related items as discussed under "Student Loans—Student Loan Spread Analysis." The negative effect of the reduced Floor Income was partially offset by a decrease in lower yielding short-term investments which were being built up during 2004 as additional liquidity in anticipation of the GSE Wind-Down.

Student Loans

        For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.

42



Student Loan Spread Analysis

        The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "Securitization Activities—Servicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT—Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis."

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
On-Balance Sheet                          
Student loan yield, before Floor Income     5.79 %   4.27 %   5.68 %   4.21 %
Floor Income     .32     .79     .36     .87  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.63 )   (.54 )   (.65 )   (.54 )
Offset Fees         (.05 )       (.06 )
Borrower benefits     (.11 )   (.20 )   (.14 )   (.18 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.15 )   (.10 )   (.15 )   (.14 )
   
 
 
 
 
Student loan net yield     5.22     4.17     5.10     4.16  
Student loan cost of funds     (3.43 )   (1.71 )   (3.19 )   (1.68 )
   
 
 
 
 
Student loan spread,     1.79 %   2.46 %   1.91 %   2.48 %
   
 
 
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet                          
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income     1.30 %   1.03 %   1.33 %   1.08 %
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation     .07     .24     .05     .28  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue     1.37 %   1.27 %   1.38 %   1.36 %
   
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                          
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 70,580   $ 54,799   $ 69,129   $ 53,846  
Off-balance sheet student loans     43,791     39,318     42,846     38,552  
   
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 114,371   $ 94,117   $ 111,975   $ 92,398  
   
 
 
 
 

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Derivative Accounting

        The primary driver of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the three months ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004, we earned gross Floor Income of $56 million (32 basis points), and $108 million (79 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for accounting hedge treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004 totaled $52 million (30 basis points) and $102 million (75 basis points), respectively.

43



        In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarter

        We reduced student loan interest income by $14 million or 9 basis points to reflect a revision of our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income that is discussed in detail at "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT—Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses—Change in Accounting Estimate to the Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recognition of Accrued Interest Income for Private Education Loans." In addition, in the second quarter of 2005, we revised our estimates regarding the qualification for borrower benefits which resulted in a reduction of the liability for borrower benefits of $7 million or 4 basis points. Also, in the second quarter of 2005, there was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity. This was mainly due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity lowered borrower benefits expense by $2 million or 1 basis point as we eliminated FFELP Stafford loan benefits for loans whose consolidation applications had been received but not yet processed by June 30.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Other Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations

        When compared to the year-ago quarter, the second quarter 2005 decrease in the student loan spread was primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio and to higher premium amortization and lower net interest income caused by the maturing of certain floor hedges.

On-Balance Sheet Floor Income

        For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
 
 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                      
Gross Floor Income   $ 56   $   $ 56   $ 108   $   $ 108  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (52 )       (52 )   (102 )       (102 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $ 4   $   $ 4   $ 6   $   $ 6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points     2         2     4         4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

44


 
  Six months ended
 
 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                      
Gross Floor Income   $ 122   $   $ 122   $ 232   $ 2   $ 234  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (112 )       (112 )   (211 )       (211 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $ 10   $   $ 10   $ 21   $ 2   $ 23  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points     3         3     8         8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The decrease in Floor Income for the periods presented for 2005 versus the periods presented for 2004 is due to an increase in short-term interest rates.

        As discussed in more detail under "LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES—Securitization Activities," when we securitize a portfolio of student loans, we estimate the future Fixed Rate Embedded Floor Income earned on off-balance sheet student loans using a discounted cash flow option pricing model and recognize the fair value of such cash flows in the initial gain on sale and subsequent valuations of the Residual Interest. Variable Rate Embedded Floor Income is recognized as earned in servicing and securitization revenue.

Student Loan Floor Income Contracts

        The following table analyzes the ability of the FFELP student loans in our Managed student loan portfolio to earn Floor Income after June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
(Dollars in billions)

  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income:                                      
  On-balance sheet student loans   $ 43.3   $ 16.8   $ 60.1   $ 28.5   $ 13.0   $ 41.5  
  Off-balance sheet student loans     10.9     22.5     33.4     7.7     26.2     33.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income     54.2     39.3     93.5     36.2     39.2     75.4  
Less: Economically hedged Floor Income contracts     (26.2 )       (26.2 )   (23.4 )       (23.4 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income   $ 28.0   $ 39.3   $ 67.3   $ 12.8   $ 39.2   $ 52.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed student loans earning Floor Income   $ 1.8   $   $ 1.8   $ 7.2   $   $ 7.2  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The following table shows the average Managed balance of Consolidation Loans whose Fixed Rate Floor Income is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts for the period April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2010. These loans are both on and off-balance sheet and the related hedges do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges.

(Dollars in billions)

  2005
  2006
  2007
  2008
  2009
  2010
Managed Basis:                                    
Average balance of economically hedged Consolidation Loans   $ 26   $ 25   $ 16   $ 15   $ 10   $ 2
   
 
 
 
 
 

45


FEDERAL AND STATE TAXES

        The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 was 37 percent and 41 percent, respectively, versus 36 percent and 33 percent, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2004. The effective tax rate reflects the permanent impact of the exclusion of the gains or losses on equity forward contracts recognized under SFAS No. 150.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

        We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the DMO operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. These operating segments are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other operating segment for financial reporting purposes.

        The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on certain "core cash" measures. Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on these "core cash" measures. Our "core cash" measures are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core cash" measures reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

        "Core cash" measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core cash" measures are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core cash" measures in operating its business because it permits management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating

46



segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core cash" operating measures reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments.

 
  Three months ended June 30, 2005
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Net interest income   $ 516   $   $  
Less: provisions for losses     14          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     502          
Fee income         82     26  
Collections revenue         42      
Other income     36         29  
Operating expenses     124     66     81  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     153     22     (10 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1     1      
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 260   $ 35   $ (16 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Three months ended June 30, 2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Net interest income   $ 445   $   $  
Less: provisions for losses     40          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     405          
Fee income         70     23  
Other income     48         24  
Operating expenses     97     32     70  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     128     14     (8 )
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 228   $ 24   $ (15 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2005

 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Net interest income   $ 1,010   $   $  
Less: provisions for loan losses     69          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     941          
Fee income         167     58  
Collections revenue         78      
Other income     72         61  
Operating expenses     240     130     151  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     286     43     (12 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2     2      
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 485   $ 70   $ (20 )
   
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

47


 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2004

 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
Net interest income   $ 878   $   $  
Less: provisions for loan losses     85          
   
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     793          
Fee income         150     58  
Other income     77         54  
Operating expenses     200     64     137  
Income taxes(1)     241     31     (9 )
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 429   $ 55   $ (16 )
   
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

Alternative Performance Measures

        In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In addition to evaluating the Company's GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company's business segments under certain non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as "core cash" measures for each business segment, and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While "core cash" measures are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on "core cash" measures in operating each business segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.

        Our "core cash" measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core cash" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core cash" measures are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core cash" measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core cash" measures reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Accordingly, the Company's "core cash" measures presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core cash" measures follows.

Limitations on "Core Cash" Measures

        While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core cash" measures are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core cash" measures are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core cash" measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, the Company's "core cash" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting.

48



Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core cash" measures. "Core cash" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.

        Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core cash" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core cash" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.

Pre-tax differences between "Core Cash" Measures and GAAP by Business Segment

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
"Core cash" measures:                                      
Net impact of securitization accounting   $ 107   $   $   $ 66   $   $  
Net impact of derivative accounting     (21 )       10     566         (4 )
Net impact of Floor Income     (51 )           (24 )        
Amortization of acquired intangibles     (12 )   (3 )   (1 )   (4 )   (2 )   (1 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core cash" measures   $ 23   $ (3 ) $ 9   $ 604   $ (2 ) $ (5 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

 
"Core cash" measures:                                      
Net impact of securitization accounting   $ 75   $   $   $ 55   $   $  
Net impact of derivative accounting     177         (98 )   524         137  
Net impact of Floor Income     (94 )           (85 )        
Amortization of acquired intangibles     (21 )   (5 )   (3 )   (8 )   (3 )   (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core cash" measures   $ 137   $ (5 ) $ (101 ) $ 486   $ (3 ) $ 134  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

49


Pre-tax differences between "Core Cash" Measures and GAAP

1)
Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under "core cash," we present all securitization transactions on a Managed Basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from the "core cash" measures and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts which would be considered intercompany on a Managed Basis.
 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core cash" securitization adjustments:                          
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses   $ (295 ) $ (251 ) $ (515 ) $ (514 )
Gains on student loan securitizations     262     198     312     312  
Servicing and securitization revenue     150     124     293     261  
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts     (10 )   (5 )   (15 )   (4 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total "core cash" securitization adjustments   $ 107   $ 66   $ 75   $ 55  
   
 
 
 
 
2)
Derivative Accounting: "Core cash" measures exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in our Lending business segment, and to a lesser degree in our Corporate and Other business segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. Under "core cash" we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item's life. We also exclude the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.

50


51


 
  Three months
ended
June 30,

  Six months
ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core cash" derivative adjustments:                          
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1)   $ (106 ) $ 386   $ (140 ) $ 269  
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     94     181     216     397  
   
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     (12 )   567     76     666  
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments     1     (5 )   3     (5 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting   $ (11 ) $ 562   $ 79   $ 661  
   
 
 
 
 

Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities

52


 
  Three months
ended
June 30,

  Six months
ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Reclassification of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities:                          
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income   $ (77 ) $ (154 ) $ (165 ) $ (321 )
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income     (17 )   (19 )   (46 )   (20 )
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income         (8 )   (5 )   (56 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities     (94 )   (181 )   (216 )   (397 )
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     (12 )   567     76     666  
   
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ (106 ) $ 386   $ (140 ) $ 269  
   
 
 
 
 


 
  Three months
ended
June 30,

  Six months
ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Floor Income Contracts   $ (146 ) $ 631   $ 122   $ 560  
Equity forward contracts     10     (4 )   (98 )   137  
Basis swaps     127     (56 )   67     (58 )
Other     (3 )   (4 )   (15 )   27  
   
 
 
 
 
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ (12 ) $ 567   $ 76   $ 666  
   
 
 
 
 

53


3)
Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads and, therefore, we exclude such income when it is not economically hedged primarily with Floor Income Contracts from "core cash" measures. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above under "Derivative Accounting," these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore under GAAP are marked-to-market through the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For "core cash" measures, we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.


The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months
ended
June 30,

  Six months
ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
"Core cash" Floor Income adjustments:                          
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts   $ 6   $ 18   $ 17   $ 52  
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income     (57 )   (42 )   (111 )   (87 )
Net losses related to closed Eurodollar futures contracts economically hedging Floor Income                 (50 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total "core cash" Floor Income adjustments   $ (51 ) $ (24 ) $ (94 ) $ (85 )
   
 
 
 
 
4)
Other Items: We exclude amortization of acquired intangibles. The 2005 increase in the amortization of acquired intangibles is driven by the acquisition of definite life intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions of AFS, Southwest, and SLFA.

LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT

        In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford Loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.

54



        The following table includes the "core cash" results of operations for our Lending business segment.

 
   
   
  %
Increase
(Decrease)

   
   
  %
Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005 vs.
2004

  2005 vs.
2004

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Managed Basis interest income:                                  
  Managed federally insured student loans   $ 1,249   $ 710   76 % $ 2,340   $ 1,397   68 %
  Managed Private Education Student Loans     247     147   68     474     260   82  
  Other loans     20     18   11     40     37   8  
  Cash and investments     78     56   39     158     104   52  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed interest income     1,594     931   71     3,012     1,798   68  
Total Managed interest expense     1,078     486   122     2,002     920   118  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Managed interest income     516     445   16     1,010     878   15  
Less: provisions for losses     14     40   (65 )   69     85   (19 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     502     405   24     941     793   19  
Other income, net     36     48   (25 )   72     77   (6 )
Operating expenses     124     97   28     240     200   20  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     414     356   16     773     670   15  
Income taxes     153     128   20     286     241   19  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     261     228   14     487     429   14  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1       100     2       100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 260   $ 228   14 % $ 485   $ 429   13 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The following table includes asset information for our Lending business segment.

 
  June 30,
2005

  December 31, 2004
FFELP Stafford Loans, net   $ 22,088   $ 18,958
Consolidation Loans, net     44,646     41,603
Private Education Loans, net     6,097     5,420
Other loans, net     962     1,048
Investments(1)     5,839     8,914
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans     2,631     2,315
Other(2)     3,438     4,792
   
 
Total assets   $ 85,701   $ 83,050
   
 

(1)
Investments include cash and cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and investments, leveraged leases, and municipal bonds.

(2)
Other assets include accrued interest receivable, goodwill and acquired intangible assets and other non-interest earning assets.

55


Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis

        The following table analyzes the earnings from our portfolio of Managed student loans on a "core cash" basis (see "Differences between 'Core Cash' Measures and GAAP"). This analysis includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet loans in securitization trusts and derivatives economically hedging these line items and excludes unhedged Floor Income while including the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts.

 
  Three months
ended
June 30,

  Six months
ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Managed Basis student loan yield     5.92 %   4.31 %   5.79 %   4.23 %
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.48 )   (.39 )   (.48 )   (.40 )
Offset Fees         (.03 )       (.03 )
Borrower benefits     (.04 )   (.10 )   (.07 )   (.09 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.16 )   (.13 )   (.17 )   (.11 )
   
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan net yield     5.24     3.66     5.07     3.60  
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds     (3.50 )   (1.75 )   (3.30 )   (1.69 )
   
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan spread     1.74 %   1.91 %   1.77 %   1.91 %
   
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                          
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 70,580   $ 54,799   $ 69,129   $ 53,846  
Off-balance sheet student loans     43,791     39,318     42,846     38,552  
   
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 114,371   $ 94,117   $ 111,975   $ 92,398  
   
 
 
 
 

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarter

        In the second quarter of 2005, we reduced student loan interest income by $16 million or 6 basis points to reflect a revision of our non-accrual policy for interest income that is discussed in detail at "Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses—Change in Accounting Estimate to the Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recognition of Accrued Interest Income for Private Education Loans." In addition, in the second quarter of 2005, we updated our assumptions for the qualification for borrower benefits which resulted in a reduction of our liability for borrower benefits of $13 million or 5 basis points. There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005, caused primarily by FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates through the consolidation of their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity lowered borrower benefits expense by $9 million or 3 basis points as we accrued a write-off of FFELP Stafford loan benefits for loans whose consolidation applications had been received but not yet processed by June 30, 2005.

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Other Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations

        The decrease in the Managed student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the Managed portfolio. Consolidation Loans have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee, and to a lesser extent, higher borrower benefits expense and higher costs of funds. These negative effects are partially offset by the higher SAP spread earned on Consolidation Loans and lower student loan premium amortization due to their extended term. When compared to the year-ago quarter, the second quarter of 2005 spread was also negatively impacted by the factors discussed above along with higher premium amortization, primarily caused by the purchase

56



price allocation for student loans acquired in acquisitions, and by lower amortization of the upfront fee received on Floor Income Contracts. Consolidation Loans have a longer average life than the FFELP Stafford loans they replaced and as a result the net present value of a Consolidation Loan is slightly higher than a comparable FFELP Stafford loan.

        The second quarter 2005 Managed student loan spread benefited from the increase in the average balance of Managed Private Education Loans as a percentage of the average Managed student loan portfolio from 11 percent in the second quarter 2004 to 12 percent in the second quarter 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged 4.57 percent, before the cumulative effect of the change in the estimate for the non-accrual of interest, in the second quarter of 2005 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.38 percent for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio, before the update to the assumption for the qualification for borrower benefits, discussed above.

Private Education Loans

        All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. When we securitize Private Education Loans, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided for in the allowance and then provide for these loans in the Managed presentation only as they are no longer owned by the Company. When Private Education Loans in securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212th day of delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP at the time of repurchase of delinquent Private Education Loans are considered charge-offs when the delinquent Private Education Loans reach the 212-day charge-off date. These charge-offs are shown in the off-balance sheet section in the table below. The off-balance sheet allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized.

Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

Change in Accounting Estimate to the Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recognition of Accrued Interest Income for Private Education Loans

        We maintain a reserve for possible credit losses at an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in our Private Education Loan portfolio at the reporting date based on a projection of probable net credit losses. The maturing of our Private Education Loan portfolios has provided us with more historical data on borrower default behavior such that we now analyze those portfolios to determine the effects that the various stages of delinquency have on borrower default behavior and ultimate charge-off. As a result, in the second quarter of 2005, we changed our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest for our Managed loan portfolio using a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge-off. This is a widely used reserving methodology in the consumer finance industry. Previously, we calculated the allowance for Private Education Loan losses by estimating the probable losses in the portfolio based primarily on loan characteristics and where pools of loans were in their life with less emphasis on current delinquency status of the loan. Also, in our prior methodology for calculating the allowance, some loss rates were based on proxies and extrapolations of FFELP loan loss data.

57



        We also used a migration analysis to revise our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income. Under the new methodology, we estimate the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and write it off against current period interest income. Under our prior methodology, Private Education Loans continued to accrue interest, including in periods of forbearance, until they were charged off, at which time, the loans were placed on non-accrual status and all previously accrued interest was reversed against income in the month of charge-off. The allowance for loan losses provided for a portion of the probable losses in accrued interest receivable prior to charge-off.

        This change in reserving methodology has been accounted for as a change in estimate in accordance with the FASB's Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes." The effect of this change was to increase the value of the allowance by $40 million and to reduce student loan interest income for the estimate of uncollectible accrued interest receivable by $14 million. On the income statement, adjustments to the allowance are recorded through the provision for loan losses whereas adjustments to accrued interest are recorded in interest income. On a Managed Basis, we decreased the allowance for loan losses by $20 million and reduced student loan interest income by $16 million for uncollectible accrued interest.

        The following table provides a summary of the income statement impact of the change in accounting estimate for loan losses and accrued interest.

 
  On-
Balance
Sheet

  Off-
Balance
Sheet

  Managed
Basis

 
Impact on provision:                    
Impact of change in allowance methodology at April 1, 2005   $ 40   $ (60 ) $ (20 )
Second quarter 2005 provision under new methodology     36     (4 )   32  
   
 
 
 
Total provision for Private Education Loans   $ 76   $ (64 ) $ 12  
   
 
 
 
 
  On-
Balance
Sheet

  Off-
Balance
Sheet

  Managed
Basis

Impact on interest income:                  
Impact of revision of estimates of the non-accrual of interest income at April 1, 2005   $ 14   $ 2   $ 16
Second quarter 2005 interest income impact     4         4
   
 
 
Total interest income impact   $ 18   $ 2   $ 20
   
 
 

        The difference in the impact of the change in estimate on the allowance for loan losses between our on-balance sheet and our Managed results is due to the difference in the mix of Private Education Loans on-and off- balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and those loan programs targeted to borrowers with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized and as such the on-balance sheet portfolio contains loans with higher delinquency rates. Because the required allowance under the new methodology is more directly tied to the current status of the portfolio, the on-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements increased while at the same time the off-balance sheet portfolio reserve requirements decreased with the net effect being a decrease in the Managed Basis allowance.

58


Activity in the Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

        The provision for student loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio of Private Education Loans.

        The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
 
 
  On-Balance Sheet
  Off-Balance Sheet
  Managed Basis
 
 
  Three months ended
  Three months ended
  Three months ended
 
 
  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 191   $ 154   $ 150   $ 118   $ 341   $ 272  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses     76     28     (64 )   10     12     38  

Charge-offs

 

 

(38

)

 

(24

)

 

(1

)

 

(2

)

 

(39

)

 

(26

)
Recoveries     5     4             5     4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs     (33 )   (20 )   (1 )   (2 )   (34 )   (22 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans

 

 

234

 

 

162

 

 

85

 

 

126

 

 

319

 

 

288

 
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (6 )   (7 )   6     7          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 228   $ 155   $ 91   $ 133   $ 319   $ 288  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)     4.33 %   3.69 %   .13 %   .33 %   2.04 %   1.94 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     3.61 %   3.97 %   1.21 %   2.12 %   2.31 %   2.83 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     7.41 %   6.75 %   2.32 %   5.04 %   4.56 %   5.84 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.73     1.85     19.64     16.50     2.34     3.14  
Average total loans   $ 6,376   $ 4,375   $ 7,060   $ 5,534   $ 13,436   $ 9,909  
Ending total loans   $ 6,325   $ 3,897   $ 7,493   $ 6,277   $ 13,818   $ 10,174  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,042   $ 2,268   $ 3,655   $ 2,460   $ 6,697   $ 4,728  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,078   $ 2,296   $ 3,926   $ 2,631   $ 7,004   $ 4,927  

59


 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans
 
 
  On-balance sheet
  Off-balance sheet
  Managed
 
 
  Six months ended
  Six months ended
  Six months ended
 
 
  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

  June 30,
2005

  June 30,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 172   $ 166   $ 143   $ 93   $ 315   $ 259  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses     119     61     (56 )   14     63     75  

Charge-offs

 

 

(66

)

 

(50

)

 

(2

)

 

(2

)

 

(68

)

 

(52

)
Recoveries     9     6             9     6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs     (57 )   (44 )   (2 )   (2 )   (59 )   (46 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans

 

 

234

 

 

183

 

 

85

 

 

105

 

 

319

 

 

288

 
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (6 )   (28 )   6     28          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 228   $ 155   $ 91   $ 133   $ 319   $ 288  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)     3.86 %   3.63 %   .14 %   .22 %   1.81 %   1.99 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     3.61 %   3.97 %   1.21 %   2.12 %   2.31 %   2.83 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     7.41 %   6.75 %   2.32 %   5.04 %   4.56 %   5.84 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     2.00     1.76     18.32     26.50     2.68     3.09  
Average total loans   $ 6,321   $ 4,761   $ 6,607   $ 4,765   $ 12,928   $ 9,526  
Ending total loans   $ 6,325   $ 3,897   $ 7,493   $ 6,277   $ 13,818   $ 10,174  
Average loans in repayment   $ 2,960   $ 2,424   $ 3,639   $ 2,250   $ 6,599   $ 4,674  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,078   $ 2,296   $ 3,926   $ 2,631   $ 7,004   $ 4,927  

        The increase in charge-offs over the year-ago quarter is primarily due to growth in the portfolio.

        The on-balance sheet allowance at June 30, 2005 increased $11 million over June 30, 2004 after adjusting for the change in estimate discussed above and for the securitization transactions during the last twelve months. The increase is primarily due to the overall growth in Private Education Loans on-balance sheet, partially offset by improvements in the balance of loans in a delinquent status as a percentage of the overall portfolio in repayment.

        The allowance on a Managed Basis at June 30, 2005 increased by $51 million from June 30, 2004 after adjusting for the change in estimate discussed above. The increase is primarily attributable to overall growth in Private Education Loans partially offset by improvements in the balance of loans in a delinquent status as a percentage of the overall portfolio in repayment.

60



Delinquencies

        The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2005 and 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.

 
  On-Balance Sheet Private Education
Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 3,307       $ 1,599      
Loans in forbearance(2)     190         170      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     2,756   89.5 %   2,048   89.2 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     133   4.4     96   4.2  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     69   2.2     58   2.5  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     120   3.9     94   4.1  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,078   100 %   2,296   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     6,575         4,065      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (250 )       (168 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     6,325         3,897      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (228 )       (155 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 6,097       $ 3,742      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     46.8 %       56.5 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     10.5 %       10.8 %    
   
     
     
 
  Off-Balance Sheet Private Education
Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 3,308       $ 3,320      
Loans in forbearance(2)     400         424      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     3,749   95.5 %   2,516   95.6 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     96   2.4     56   2.1  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     35   1.0     27   1.1  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     46   1.1     32   1.2  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,926   100 %   2,631   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     7,634         6,375      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (141 )       (98 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     7,493         6,277      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (91 )       (133 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 7,402       $ 6,144      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     51.4 %       41.3 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     4.5 %       4.4 %    
   
     
     

61


 
  Managed Private Education Loan Delinquencies
 
 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 6,615       $ 4,919      
Loans in forbearance(2)     590         594      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                      
  Loans current     6,505   92.9 %   4,564   92.6 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     229   3.2     152   3.1  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     104   1.5     85   1.7  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     166   2.4     126   2.6  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     7,004   100 %   4,927   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     14,209         10,440      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (391 )       (266 )    
   
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     13,818         10,174      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (319 )       (288 )    
   
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 13,499       $ 9,886      
   
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     49.3 %       47.2 %    
   
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     7.1 %       7.4 %    
   
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Forbearance—Managed Basis Private Education Loans

        Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability generally improves between the time the loan is made and the time the borrower becomes established in the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Our policy does not grant

62



any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time.

        Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At June 30, 2005, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance is 9.9 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage drops to 3.4 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 74 percent of the Company's loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves.

        The tables below show the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment.

 
  Months since entering repayment
 
 
  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
June 30,
2005(1)

  Total
 
June 30, 2005                                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 6,615   $ 6,615  
Loans in forbearance     437     106     47         590  
Loans in repayment—current     3,728     1,515     1,262         6,505  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     120     65     44         229  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     57     30     17         104  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than 90 days     80     55     31         166  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4,422   $ 1,771   $ 1,401   $ 6,615   $ 14,209  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (391 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (319 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 13,499  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     9.9 %   6.0 %   3.4 %   %   7.8 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

63


 
  Months since entering repayment
 
 
  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
June 30,
2004(1)

  Total
 
June 30, 2004                                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 4,919   $ 4,919  
Loans in forbearance     426     111     57         594  
Loans in repayment—current     2,443     1,159     962         4,564  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     71     47     34         152  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     39     26     20         85  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than 90 days     53     40     33         126  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 3,032   $ 1,383   $ 1,106   $ 4,919   $ 10,440  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (266 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (288 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 9,886  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     14.1 %   8.0 %   5.2 %   %   10.8 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes all loans in-school/grace/deferment.

        Additionally, as indicated in the table below which breaks down the Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used as of the dates indicated, 8 percent of borrowers currently in forbearance have deferred their loan repayment more than 24 months.

 
  June 30, 2005
  June 30, 2004
 
 
  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

 
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance                      
1 to 12 months   $ 426   72 % $ 390   66 %
13 to 24 months     117   20     146   24  
25 to 36 months     32   5     34   6  
More than 36 months     15   3     24   4  
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 590   100 % $ 594   100 %
   
 
 
 
 

        On a Managed Basis, loans in forbearance status decreased from 10.8 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at June 30, 2004 to 7.8 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance status at June 30, 2005. The decrease in the percentages of loans in forbearance status versus the prior year is primarily due to enhanced default prevention and collection efforts.

64



Other Income, Net

        The following table summarizes the components of other income, net, for our Lending business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Late fees   $ 24   $ 31   $ 44   $ 50
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees     4     5     8     10
Other     8     12     20     17
   
 
 
 
Total other income, net   $ 36   $ 48   $ 72   $ 77
   
 
 
 

        The $7 million decrease in late fees is primarily due to an accrual for late fees in the second quarter of 2004.

Student Loan Acquisitions

        In the first half of 2005, 74 percent of our Managed student loan acquisitions were originated through our Preferred Channel. The following tables summarize the components of our student loan acquisition activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
June 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 4,463   $ 1,229   $ 5,692  
Other commitment clients     161         161  
Spot purchases     480         480  
Consolidations from third parties     926         926  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     2,421         2,421  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     331     (10 )   321  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     8,782     1,219     10,001  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (2,421 )       (2,421 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     146     60     206  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 6,507   $ 1,279   $ 7,786  
   
 
 
 

65


 
  Three months ended
June 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 3,666   $ 970   $ 4,636  
Other commitment clients     107         107  
Spot purchases     171         171  
Consolidations from third parties     140         140  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     212         212  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     248     3     251  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     4,544     973     5,517  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (212 )       (212 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     130     39     169  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 4,462   $ 1,012   $ 5,474  
   
 
 
 
 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 8,774   $ 2,563   $ 11,337  
Other commitment clients     247         247  
Spot purchases     899         899  
Consolidations from third parties     1,839         1,839  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     4,248         4,248  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     671     (16 )   655  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     16,678     2,547     19,225  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (4,248 )       (4,248 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     255     103     358  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 12,685   $ 2,650   $ 15,335  
   
 
 
 

66


 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
  Private
  Total
 
Preferred Channel   $ 7,487   $ 2,035   $ 9,522  
Other commitment clients     179         179  
Spot purchases     755     1     756  
Consolidations from third parties     649         649  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations     1,486         1,486  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts     530     (19 )   511  
   
 
 
 
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions     11,086     2,017     13,103  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts     (1,486 )       (1,486 )
Capitalized interest and other—off-balance sheet securitized trusts     284     67     351  
   
 
 
 
Total Managed student loan acquisitions   $ 9,884   $ 2,084   $ 11,968  
   
 
 
 

        For the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, consolidation activity resulted in $183 million and $513 million, respectively, of net new student loan acquisitions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2004, consolidation activity resulted in $237 million and $252 million, respectively, of net student loan run-off. Net run-off occurs when more of our Stafford portfolio is consolidated by third parties than we consolidate from other lenders.

Preferred Channel Originations

        We originated $2.8 billion and $9.5 billion in student loan volume through our Preferred Channel in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, versus $2.3 billion and $8.2 billion in the three and six months ended June 30, 2004, respectively. In both June 2005 and 2004, we delayed the processing of disbursements for Consolidation Loans to allow borrowers to take advantage of lower interest rates that took effect on July 1.

        In the second quarter of 2005, we grew the internally marketed brand Preferred Channel Originations by 50 percent versus the year-ago quarter. As of June 30, 2005, our internally marketed brands constitute 36 percent of our Preferred Channel Originations, up from 32 percent in the year-ago period. The pipeline of loans that we currently service and are committed to purchase was $5.0 billion

67



at both June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The following tables further break down our Preferred Channel Originations by type of loan and source.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Preferred Channel Originations—Type of Loan                        
Stafford   $ 1,739   $ 1,527   $ 5,912   $ 5,259
PLUS     223     175     1,184     1,000
   
 
 
 
Total FFELP     1,962     1,702     7,096     6,259
Private     812     611     2,440     1,898
   
 
 
 
Total   $ 2,774   $ 2,313     9,536   $ 8,157
   
 
 
 
Preferred Channel Originations—Source                        
Internally marketed brands   $ 1,083   $ 724   $ 3,439   $ 2,570
Lender partners     1,691     1,589     6,097     5,587
   
 
 
 
Total   $ 2,774   $ 2,313   $ 9,536   $ 8,157
   
 
 
 

        The following table summarizes the activity in our Managed portfolio of student loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Beginning balance   $ 111,699   $ 92,149   $ 107,438   $ 88,789  
Acquisitions, including capitalized interest     7,786     5,474     15,335     11,968  
Repayments, claims and other     (2,200 )   (2,036 )   (4,859 )   (4,425 )
Charge-offs to reserves and securitization trusts     (39 )   (30 )   (70 )   (60 )
Loans sales     (3 )   (279 )   (18 )   (470 )
Loans consolidated from SLM Corporation     (743 )   (377 )   (1,326 )   (901 )
   
 
 
 
 
Ending balance   $ 116,500   $ 94,901   $ 116,500   $ 94,901  
   
 
 
 
 

68


Summary of Student Loan Portfolio

        The following tables summarize the components of our student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.

Ending Balances (net of allowance for loan losses):

 
  June 30, 2005
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 22,088   $ 44,646   $ 66,734   $ 6,097   $ 72,831  
Off-balance sheet     25,033     11,234     36,267     7,402     43,669  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 47,121   $ 55,880   $ 103,001   $ 13,499   $ 116,500  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

33

%

 

67

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     46 %   54 %   100 %            
% of Total     40 %   48 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 18,958   $ 41,603   $ 60,561   $ 5,420   $ 65,981  
Off-balance sheet     27,793     7,602     35,395     6,062     41,457  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,751   $ 49,205   $ 95,956   $ 11,482   $ 107,438  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

31

%

 

69

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     49 %   51 %   100 %            
% of Total     44 %   45 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

69


Average Balances:

 
  Three months ended June 30, 2005
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 20,673   $ 43,531   $ 64,204   $ 6,376   $ 70,580  
Off-balance sheet     26,912     9,819     36,731     7,060     43,791  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 47,585   $ 53,350   $ 100,935   $ 13,436   $ 114,371  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

32

%

 

68

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     47 %   53 %   100 %            
% of Total     41 %   47 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
  Three months ended June 30, 2004
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 21,669   $ 28,755   $ 50,424   $ 4,375   $ 54,799  
Off-balance sheet     26,036     7,748     33,784     5,534     39,318  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 47,705   $ 36,503   $ 84,208   $ 9,909   $ 94,117  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

43

%

 

57

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     57 %   43 %   100 %            
% of Total     50 %   39 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

70


Average Balances:

 
  Six months ended June 30, 2005
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 19,603   $ 43,205   $ 62,808   $ 6,321   $ 69,129  
Off-balance sheet     27,578     8,661     36,239     6,607     42,846  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 47,181   $ 51,866   $ 99,047   $ 12,928   $ 111,975  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

31

%

 

69

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     48 %   52 %   100 %            
% of Total     42 %   46 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
  Six months ended June 30, 2004
 
 
  FFELP Stafford and Other(1)
  Consolidation
  Total Federal
  Private
  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 20,808   $ 28,277   $ 49,085   $ 4,761   $ 53,846  
Off-balance sheet     25,949     7,838     33,787     4,765     38,552  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,757   $ 36,115   $ 82,872   $ 9,526   $ 92,398  
   
 
 
 
 
 

% of on-balance sheet Federal

 

 

42

%

 

58

%

 

100

%

 

 

 

 

 

 
% of Managed Federal     56 %   44 %   100 %            
% of Total     51 %   39 %   90 %   10 %   100 %

(1)
Other includes PLUS, SLS and HEAL loans.

DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT

        The following table includes the "core cash" results of operations for our DMO business segment.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

  Six months ended
June 30,

  % Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005 vs. 2004
  2005
  2004
  2005 vs.
2004

 
Fee income   $ 82   $ 70   17 % $ 167   $ 150   11 %
Collections revenue     42       100     78       100  
Operating expenses     66     32   106     130     64   103  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     58     38   53     115     86   34  
Income taxes     22     14   57     43     31   39  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     36     24   50     72     55   31  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1       100     2       100  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 35   $ 24   46 % $ 70   $ 55   27 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

71


DMO Revenue by Product

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Purchase paper   $ 42   $   $ 78   $  
Contingency:                          
  Contingency—Student loans(1)     63     58     129     126  
  Contingency—Other     9     3     18     6  
   
 
 
 
 
Total contingency     72     61     147     132  

Other(2)

 

 

10

 

 

9

 

 

20

 

 

18

 
   
 
 
 
 

Total

 

$

124

 

$

70

 

$

245

 

$

150

 
   
 
 
 
 

USA Funds(3) business

 

$

43

 

$

46

 

$

89

 

$

102

 
   
 
 
 
 

% of total DMO

 

 

35

%

 

66

%

 

36

%

 

68

%
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes portfolio management business.

(2)
Includes default aversion fee ("DAF") revenue, 1st party and strategic finance income.

(3)
United Student Aid Funds, Inc. ("USA Funds")

Fee Income and Collections Revenue

        DMO revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2005 increased by $54 million or 78 percent over the year-ago period, of which $42 million was generated by the purchase paper business of AFS, acquired in September 2004. DMO revenue increased by $95 million or 63 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2005 over the year-ago period, of which $78 million was generated by the purchase paper business of AFS. Contingency fee income increased by $11 million, or 18 percent, to $72 million for the second quarter of 2005 versus the year-ago period. Contingency fee income for the six months ended June 30, 2005 increased by $15 million, or 11 percent, to $147 million versus the year-ago period. The growth in contingency fee revenues was primarily driven by the contingency business of AFS.

        Revenues from USA Funds represented 35 percent and 66 percent, respectively, of total DMO revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2005, and 2004, respectively, and 36 percent and 68 percent of total DMO revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2005, and 2004, respectively. We expect the percentage of revenue generated from services provided to USA Funds to decrease considerably in 2005 due primarily to the impact of our acquisition of AFS and other new business initiatives.

72



Purchase Paper

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Principal purchased   $ 444   $   $ 1,416   $  
Purchase price     41         65      
% of principal purchased     9.2 %   %   4.6 %   %

Gross Cash Collections ("GCC")

 

$

61

 

$


 

$

118

 

$


 
Purchase paper revenue     42         78      
% of GCC     69 %   %   66 %   %

Financed receivables

 

$

79

 

$


 

$

79

 

$


 

        The amount of principal purchased in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the average age of the portfolio, the type of receivable, and competition in the marketplace.

Contingency Inventory

        The following table presents the outstanding inventory of defaulted loans that are currently being serviced through our DMO business.

 
  June 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Contingency:            
  Contingency—Student loans(1)   $ 7,307   $ 6,869
  Contingency—Other     2,028     1,756
   
 
Total   $ 9,335   $ 8,625
   
 

(1)
Includes portfolio management business.

Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses increased by $34 million and $66 million, or 106 percent and 103 percent, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005. The increase in DMO operating expenses is primarily due to the inclusion of AFS operating expenses.

        At June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the DMO business segment had total assets of $572 million and $519 million, respectively.

CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT

        At June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Corporate and Other business segment had total assets of $485 million and $524 million, respectively.

73



        The following table includes "core cash" measures for our Corporate and Other business segment.

 
   
   
  % Increase
(Decrease)

   
   
  % Increase
(Decrease)

 
 
  Three months
ended June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005 vs. 2004
  2005 vs.
2004

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Fee income   $ 26   $ 23   13 % $ 58   $ 58   %
Collections revenue     29     24   21     61     54   13  
Operating expenses     81     70   16     151     137   10  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss before income taxes     (26 )   (23 ) (13 )   (32 )   (25 ) (28 )
Income tax benefit     (10 )   (8 ) (25 )   (12 )   (9 ) (33 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss   $ (16 ) $ (15 ) (7 )% $ (20 ) $ (16 ) (25 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Fee and Other Income

        The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Guarantor servicing fees   $ 26   $ 23   $ 58   $ 58
Loan servicing fees     12     11     25     24
Other income     17     13     36     30
   
 
 
 
Total fee and other income   $ 55   $ 47   $ 119   $ 112
   
 
 
 

        USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 82 percent and 84 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, and 84 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. Overall, USA Funds accounted for 13 percent of consolidated fee and other income for the six months ended June 30, 2005.

Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantee agencies, and general and administrative expenses associated with these businesses. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses which include centralized headquarters functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing. Our corporate overhead also includes a portion of information technology expenses related to these functions. The increase in operating expenses in the second quarter of 2005 was mainly due to a $14 million net settlement in the CLC lawsuit. Exclusive of the CLC lawsuit, Corporate and Other operating expenses were flat in the first six months of 2005 versus the same period in the prior year.

74


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

        As fee based businesses, our DMO and Corporate and Other business segments are not capital intensive businesses and as such require less debt and equity capital to meet their business plans. Therefore, the following liquidity and capital resource discussion is concentrated on our Lending business segment.

        We depend on the debt capital markets to support our business plan. We have developed deep and diverse funding sources to ensure continued access to funding now that the GSE has been dissolved. Our main source of funding is student loan securitizations where we securitized $11.3 billion in student loans in six transactions in the six months ended June 30, 2005, versus $22.7 billion in nine transactions in the year-ago period. The 2005 securitization volume better reflects the amount of funding required going forward, as the first six months of 2004 reflects additional funding to refinance outstanding GSE debt obligations in addition to ongoing financing needs of the business. Securitizations now comprise 68 percent of our financing, versus 67 percent at June 30, 2004. Our securitizations backed by FFELP loans are unique securities in the asset-backed class as they are backed by student loans with an explicit guarantee on 100 percent of principal and interest. This guarantee is subject to servicing compliance.

        Our other sources of liquidity include our asset-backed commercial paper program ($5 billion in available borrowings) and our unsecured revolving credit facilities, which totaled $5 billion as of June 30, 2005, as well as unsecured corporate debt and equity security issuances. Among the steps we take in raising capital through corporate security issuances, as with securitizations, is filing a shelf registration statement with the SEC. After the SEC review process is complete or after we are informed that there will be no review and the registration statement is declared effective, we periodically issue securities off of the shelf registration statement and file a new shelf registration statement when we consider that additional financing capacity may be appropriate. We recently filed a shelf registration statement for our corporate unsecured borrowings, which we expect to amend to significantly increase the amount funded.

        The following tables present the ending balances of our Managed borrowings at June 30, 2005 and 2004 and average balances and average interest rates of our Managed borrowings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. The average interest rates include derivatives that are economically hedging the underlying debt, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. (See "BUSINESS SEGMENTS—Differences Between 'Core Cash' Measures and GAAP—Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities.")

 
  As of June 30,
 
  2005
  2004
 
  Ending Balance
  Ending Balance
 
  Short Term
  Long Term
  Total
Managed
Basis

  Short Term
  Long Term
  Total
Managed
Basis

GSE borrowings (unsecured)   $   $   $   $ 6,305   $ 1,497   $ 7,802
SLM Corp borrowings (unsecured)     4,262     32,234     36,496     1,622     28,042     29,664
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)     418     3,991     4,409     134     921     1,055
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)         38,076     38,076         31,848     31,848
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)         47,524     47,524         44,635     44,635
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4,680   $ 121,825   $ 126,505   $ 8,061   $ 106,943   $ 115,004
   
 
 
 
 
 

75


 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

  Average
Balance

  Average
Rate

 
GSE borrowings (unsecured)   $   % $ 14,252   2.13 % $   % $ 17,025   2.06 %
SLM Corp borrowings (unsecured)     36,422   3.67     27,534   1.88     35,447   3.49     25,233   1.82  
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)     4,450   3.43     1,056   2.47     5,662   3.06     1,107   2.46  
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)     36,108   3.38     26,684   1.42     35,740   3.16     22,897   1.43  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)     46,600   3.46     40,593   1.79     45,420   3.30     39,996   1.71  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 123,580   3.50 % $ 110,119   1.77 % $ 122,269   3.30 % $ 106,258   1.74 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Unsecured On-Balance Sheet Financing Activities

        The following table presents the senior unsecured credit ratings on our debt from major rating agencies.

 
  S&P
  Moody's
  Fitch
Short-term unsecured debt   A-1   P-1   F-1+
Long-term unsecured debt   A   A2   A+

        The table below presents our unsecured on-balance sheet funding by funding source for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Debt issued for the
three months ended
June 30,

  Debt issued for the
six months ended June 30,

  Outstanding at June 30,
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
Commercial paper   $ 33,303   $ 272   $ 37,785   $ 272   $   $ 272
Convertible debentures                     1,990     1,985
Retail notes     246     376     579     859     3,409     1,934
Foreign currency denominated(1)     857     1,847     1,000     3,823     5,782     4,422
Extendible notes     500         500     249     4,747     1,998
Global notes (Institutional)         2,113     1,184     4,736     17,906     15,569
Medium-term notes (Institutional)                     2,630     3,484
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 34,906   $ 4,608   $ 41,048   $ 9,939   $ 36,464   $ 29,664
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
All foreign currency denominated notes are swapped back to U.S. dollars.

76


Preferred Stock Issuance

        On June 8, 2005, we sold four million shares of Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B (the "Series B Preferred Stock") in a registered public offering. Net proceeds from the sale of the Series B Preferred Stock, after deducting underwriting fees and before other fees and expenses of the offering, totaled $397 million and will be used for general corporate purposes.

        Dividends on the shares of Series B Preferred Stock are not mandatory. When, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors, holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive quarterly dividends, based on 3-month LIBOR plus 70 basis points per annum in arrears, on and until June 15, 2011, increasing to 3-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points per annum in arrears, after and including the period beginning on June 15, 2011.

        The Series B Preferred Stock does not have a maturity date. We can redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at our option on any dividend payment date on or after June 15, 2010, at the redemption price of $100 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends for the then quarterly dividend period, if any. The Series B Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any of our other securities or property.

        Upon liquidation or dissolution of the Company, holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive $100 per share, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends for the then current quarterly dividend period, if any, pro rata with holders of our Series A Preferred Stock and before any distribution of assets are made to holders of our common stock.

Contingently Convertible Debentures

        In 2003, we issued approximately $2 billion Contingently Convertible Debentures ("Co-Cos"). The Co-Cos are convertible, under certain conditions, into shares of SLM common stock at an initial conversion price of $65.98. The investors generally can only convert the debentures if the Company's common stock has appreciated for a prescribed period to 130 percent of the conversion price, which would amount to $85.77, or if we call the debentures.

        In December 2004, the Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 04-8, "The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings per Share," which requires the shares underlying the Co-Cos to be included in diluted earnings per share ("diluted EPS") computations regardless of whether the market price trigger or the conversion price has been met, using the "if-converted" accounting method, while the after-tax interest expense of the Co-Cos is added back to earnings. Diluted EPS amounts disclosed prior to December 2004 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the application of EITF No. 04-8 as it relates to the Company's $2 billion in Co-Cos issued in May 2003.

        The following table provides the historical effect of our Co-Cos on our common stock equivalents ("CSEs") and after-tax interest expense in connection with the retroactive implementation of EITF No. 04-8 for the 2005 and 2004 quarters:

 
   
   
  Three months ended
 
  Three months
ended
June 30,
2005

   
 
  Year ended
December 31, 2004

  December 31, 2004
  September 30, 2004
  June 30,
2004

  March 31, 2004
(in thousands)

   
   
   
   
   
   
CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares)     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense   $ 10,297   $ 21,405   $ 7,125   $ 5,622   $ 4,364   $ 4,294

77


        The table below outlines the effect of the Co-Cos on the numerators and denominators for the diluted EPS calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004:

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

   
   
   
   
 
Numerator:                          
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 292,607   $ 612,062   $ 513,116   $ 900,641  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes     10,297     4,364     18,916     8,658  
   
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted   $ 302,904   $ 616,426   $ 532,032   $ 909,299  
   
 
 
 
 

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic EPS     419,497     439,901     420,206     441,283  
Effect of dilutive securities:                          
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     12,091     8,284     11,936     8,683  
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312  
   
 
 
 
 
Dilutive potential common shares     42,403     38,596     42,248     38,995  
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted EPS     461,900     478,497     462,454     480,278  
   
 
 
 
 

Net earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Basic EPS   $ .70   $ 1.39   $ 1.22   $ 2.04  
  Dilutive effect of stock options, deferred compensation, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards     (.02 )   (.03 )   (.03 )   (.04 )
  Dilutive effect of Co-Cos     (.02 )   (.07 )   (.04 )   (.11 )
   
 
 
 
 
Diluted EPS   $ .66   $ 1.29   $ 1.15   $ 1.89  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
For the three months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 14 million and 33 million shares, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, securities of approximately 19 million and 35 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

        The net effect of the Co-Cos on diluted EPS will vary with the period to period changes in net income of the Company.

78



Securitization Activities

Securitization Program

        The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on-balance sheet.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans     $   $   % 2   $ 5,502   $ 71   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   1     1,282     127   9.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   3     5,516   $ 262   4.7 % 3     6,784   $ 198   2.9 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans   1     2,226             1     2,446            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   1     2,226             2     6,632            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   4   $ 7,742             5   $ 13,416            
   
 
           
 
           
 
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain %
 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans   2   $ 3,530   $ 50   1.4 % 2   $ 5,502   $ 71   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   1     1,505     231   15.3   2     2,534     241   9.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   5     9,046   $ 312   3.4 % 4     8,036   $ 312   3.9 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-based commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans   1     2,226             4     10,469            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   1     2,226             5     14,655            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   6   $ 11,272             9   $ 22,691            
   
 
           
 
           

        The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transaction is primarily due to a decrease in the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") assumption used in the calculation of the gain on sale. A lower CPR lengthens the life of the trust, and, all things being equal, increases its earnings. The gain was also positively impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized and improved funding spreads.

Liquidity Risk

        With the dissolution of the GSE, our long-term funding, credit spread and liquidity exposure to the corporate and asset-backed capital markets has increased significantly. A major disruption in the fixed income capital markets that limits our ability to raise funds or significantly increases the cost of those funds could have a material impact on our ability to acquire student loans, or on our results of operations. Going forward, securitizations will continue to be the primary source of long-term financing. Our securitizations are structured such that we do not provide any material level of financial, credit or liquidity support to any of the trusts. Our exposure is limited to the recovery of the Retained Interest asset on the balance sheet for off-balance sheet securitizations. While all of our Retained Interests are subject to some prepayment risk, Retained Interests from our FFELP Stafford

79



securitizations have significant prepayment risk primarily arising from borrowers opting to consolidate their Stafford loans. When consolidation activity is higher than projected, the increase in prepayment could materially impair the value of our Retained Interest.

Retained Interest in Off-Balance Sheet Securitized Loans

        The following table summarizes the fair value of our Retained Interests along with the underlying student loans that relate to those securitizations that were treated as sales.

 
  As of June 30, 2005
  As of December 31, 2004
 
  Retained
Interest
Fair Value(3)

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan
Balance

  Retained
Interest
Fair Value(3)

  Underlying
Securitized
Loan
Balance

FFELP Stafford loans   $ 1,074   $ 24,680   $ 1,037   $ 27,444
Consolidation Loans(1)     627     10,990     585     7,393
Private Education Loans     930     7,633     694     6,309
   
 
 
 
  Total(2)   $ 2,631   $ 43,303   $ 2,316   $ 41,146
   
 
 
 

(1)
Includes $381 million and $399 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.
(2)
Unrealized gains (pre-tax) included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Retained Interests totaled $518 million and $445 million as of June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.

(3)
The Company recorded $24 million and $50 million of impairment related to the Retained Interests for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The impairment charges are primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected through loan consolidation and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income which is part of the Retained Interest. These impairment charges are recorded as a loss and are included as a reduction to securitization revenue. Due to the record level of consolidation activity, much of which will continue to be processed in the third quarter of 2005, the Company expects to record additional impairment related to their FFELP Stafford Residual Interests in the third quarter of 2005 when the loans are actually consolidated and bought out of the trusts.

Servicing and Securitization Revenue

        Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest asset and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.

80



        The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
Servicing revenue   $ 86   $ 78   $ 171   $ 154  
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     72     59     135     103  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     158     137     306     257  
Embedded Floor Income     24     66     50     144  
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation     (17 )   (43 )   (39 )   (90 )
   
 
 
 
 
Net Embedded Floor Income     7     23     11     54  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment     165     160     317     311  
Retained Interest impairment     (15 )   (36 )   (24 )   (50 )
   
 
 
 
 
Total servicing and securitization revenue   $ 150   $ 124   $ 293   $ 261  
   
 
 
 
 

Average off-balance sheet student loans

 

$

43,791

 

$

39,318

 

$

42,846

 

$

38,552

 
   
 
 
 
 
Average balance of Retained Interest   $ 2,576   $ 2,468   $ 2,448   $ 2,455  
   
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized)     1.37 %   1.27 %   1.38 %   1.36 %
   
 
 
 
 

        Servicing and securitization revenue is driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans, the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans and periodic impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the impact of Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford student loan securitizations. When FFELP Stafford loans in a securitization trust consolidate, they are a prepayment to the trust resulting in a shorter average life. We use a CPR assumption to estimate the effect of trust prepayments from loan consolidation and other factors on the life of the trust. When consolidation activity is higher than forecasted, the Residual Interest asset can be impaired and the yield used to recognize subsequent income from the trust is negatively impacted. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. Our Retained Interests can also be impaired from the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the value of the Retained Interest.

        For the three months ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $15 million and $36 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $24 million and $50 million, respectively. These impairment charges were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster then projected through loan consolidation and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income which is part of the Retained Interest. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue.

81



Interest Rate Risk Management

Asset and Liability Funding Gap

        The tables below present our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of June 30, 2005. The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding gap, which represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude. In the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges (those derivatives which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to in the gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities).

Index

  Frequency of Variable Resets
  Assets
  Funding(1)
  Funding Gap
 
(Dollars in billions)

   
   
   
   
 
3 month commercial paper   daily   $ 52.3       $ 52.3  
3 month Treasury bill   weekly     10.1     .3     9.8  
Prime   annual     .9         .9  
Prime   quarterly     1.3         1.3  
Prime   monthly     4.0         4.0  
PLUS Index   annual     2.5     2.1     .4  
3-month LIBOR   daily              
3-month LIBOR   quarterly     1.6     60.0     (58.4 )
1-month LIBOR   monthly         2.5     (2.5 )
CMT/CPI index   monthly/quarterly         1.8     (1.8 )
Non discreet reset(2)   monthly         8.6     (8.6 )
Non discreet reset(3)   daily/weekly     3.8         3.8  
Fixed Rate(4)         10.3     11.5     (1.2 )
       
 
 
 
Total       $ 86.8   $ 86.8   $  
       
 
 
 

(1)
Includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133.

(2)
Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.

(3)
Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments including commercial paper program.

(4)
Includes receivables/payables, other assets (including retained interest), other liabilities and stockholders' equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).

        The funding gaps in the above table are primarily interest rate mismatches in short term indices between our assets and liabilities. We address this issue primarily through the use of basis swaps that convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices. These basis swaps generally do not qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 and as a result are not included in our interest margin and are therefore excluded from the GAAP presentation.

82


        In addition to the GAAP basis, management analyzes interest rate risk on a Managed Basis, which consists of both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets and liabilities and includes all derivatives that are economically hedging our debt whether they qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 or not. Accordingly, we are also presenting the asset and liability funding gap on a Managed basis in the table that follows the GAAP presentation.

Index

  Frequency of Variable
Resets

  Assets
  Funding(5)
  Funding Gap
 
(Dollars in billions)

   
   
   
   
 
3 month commercial paper   daily   $ 74.6     16.4   $ 58.2  
3 month Treasury bill   weekly     22.1     19.9     2.2  
Prime   annual     .9         .9  
Prime   quarterly     7.3     4.5     2.8  
Prime   monthly     4.7     1.3     3.4  
PLUS Index   annual     4.6     5.1     (.5 )
3-month LIBOR   daily         55.7     (55.7 )
3-month LIBOR   quarterly     1.5     8.5     (7.0 )
1-month LIBOR   monthly         2.5     (2.5 )
Non discreet reset(6)   monthly         8.9     (8.9 )
Non discreet reset(7)   daily/weekly     8.2         8.2  
Fixed Rate(8)         8.8     9.9     (1.1 )
       
 
 
 
Total       $ 132.7   $ 132.7   $  
       
 
 
 

(5)
Includes all derivatives that management considers economic hedges of interest rate risk and reflects how we internally manage our interest rate exposure.

(6)
Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.

(7)
Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments.

(8)
Includes receivables/payables, other assets, other liabilities and stockholders' equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).

        To the extent possible we generally fund our assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that has the same underlying index (index type and index reset frequency). When it is more economical, we also fund our assets with debt that has a different index and/or reset frequency than the asset, but only in instances where we believe there is a high degree of correlation between the interest rate movement of the two indices. For example, we use daily reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a large portion of our daily reset 3-month commercial paper indexed assets. In addition, we use quarterly reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a portion of our quarterly reset Prime rate indexed Private Education Loans. We also use our monthly non discreet reset funding (see note 6 in the above table) to primarily fund Treasury bill and commercial paper indexed student loans. In using different index types and different index reset frequencies to fund our assets, we are exposed to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices that may reset at different frequencies will not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude. We believe that this risk is low as all of these indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a long period of time. We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives.

83



        When compared with the GAAP presentation the Managed Basis presentation includes all of our off-balance sheet assets and funding, and also includes basis swaps that primarily convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices.

Interest Rate Gap Analysis

        In the table below, the Company's variable rate assets and liabilities are categorized by reset date of the underlying index. Fixed rate assets and liabilities are categorized based on their maturity dates. An interest rate gap is the difference between volumes of assets and volumes of liabilities maturing or repricing during specific future time intervals. The following gap analysis reflects rate-sensitive positions at June 30, 2005 and is not necessarily reflective of positions that existed throughout the period.

 
  Interest Rate Sensitivity Period
 
 
  3 months
or less

  3 months
to
6 months

  6 months
to
1 year

  1 to 2
years

  2 to 5
years

  Over 5
years

 
Assets                                      
Student loans   $ 71,470   $ 520   $ 249   $ 525   $ 64   $ 3  
Other loans     102     47     77     13     20     703  
Cash and investments, including restricted     4,045     61     151     196     1,137     471  
Other assets     1,988     101     201     326     672     3,617  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets     77,605     729     678     1,060     1,893     4,794  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                                      
Short-term borrowings     4,287     389     4              
Long-term notes     53,433     225     25     2,005     7,317     12,012  
Other liabilities     528                     2,809  
Minority interest in subsidiaries                         73  
Stockholders' equity     400                     3,252  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity     58,648     614     29     2,005     7,317     18,146  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period gap before adjustments     18,957     115     649     (945 )   (5,424 )   (13,352 )
Adjustments for Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments                                      
Interest rate swaps     (17,122 )   267     (722 )   69     4,773     12,735  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total derivatives and other financial instruments     (17,122 )   267     (722 )   69     4,773     12,735  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period gap   $ 1,835   $ 382   $ (73 ) $ (876 ) $ (651 ) $ (617 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative gap   $ 1,835   $ 2,217   $ 2,144   $ 1,268   $ 617   $  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of interest-sensitive assets to interest-sensitive liabilities     131.0 %   102.3 %   1,644.8 %   36.6 %   16.7 %   9.7 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of cumulative gap to total assets     2.1 %   2.6 %   2.5 %   1.5 %   .7 %   %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

84


Weighted Average Life

        The following table reflects the weighted average life for our Managed earning assets and liabilities at June 30, 2005.

 
  On-Balance
Sheet

  Off-Balance
Sheet

  Managed
(Averages in years)

   
   
   
Earning assets            
Student loans   9.0   4.9   8.6
Other loans   8.1     8.1
Cash and investments   1.3   .1   .7
   
 
 
Total earning assets   8.4   4.5   8.0
   
 
 

Borrowings

 

 

 

 

 

 
Short-term borrowings   .5     .5
Long-term borrowings   7.4   4.9   6.4
   
 
 
Total borrowings   7.0   4.9   6.2
   
 
 

        Long-term debt issuances likely to be called have been categorized according to their call dates rather than their maturity dates. Long-term debt issuances which are putable by the investor are categorized according to their put dates rather than their maturity dates.

COMMON STOCK

        The following table summarizes our common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Three months ended
June 30,

  Six months ended
June 30,

 
 
  2005
  2004
  2005
  2004
 
(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
   
 
Common shares repurchased:                          
  Open market         .6         .6  
  Equity forwards     3.3     5.5     6.4     13.4  
  Benefit plans(1)     .3     .1     .6     .8  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total shares repurchased     3.6     6.2     7.0     14.8  
   
 
 
 
 
  Average purchase price per share   $ 48.55   $ 38.08   $ 49.46   $ 34.12  
   
 
 
 
 
Common shares issued     1.8     2.3     3.5     6.1  
   
 
 
 
 
Equity forward contracts:                          
  Outstanding at beginning of period     46.6     39.8     42.8     43.5  
  New contracts     8.4     12.9     15.3     17.1  
  Exercises     (3.3 )   (5.5 )   (6.4 )   (13.4 )
   
 
 
 
 
  Outstanding at end of period     51.7     47.2     51.7     47.2  
   
 
 
 
 
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards(2)     20.5     20.7     20.5     20.7  
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

(2)
In October 2004, the Board authorized an additional 30 million shares for repurchase.

85


        As of June 30, 2005, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:

Year of maturity

  Outstanding
contracts

  Range of
purchase prices

  Average
purchase price

(Shares in millions)

   
   
   
2006   2.2   $50.47   $ 50.47
2007   10.3   50.47     50.47
2008   7.9   50.47     50.47
2009   16.0   50.47     50.47
2010   15.3   47.09 - 49.58     48.56
   
     
    51.7       $ 49.91
   
     

        The closing price of the Company's common stock on June 30, 2005 was $50.80.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Higher Education Act Reauthorization

        On July 22, 2005, the House Education and the Workforce Committee reported the HEA reauthorization bill, H.R. 609. The mark-up was based on the reauthorization bill introduced earlier this year by the chairman of the full committee, Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), and the chairman of the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness, Rep. Buck McKeon (R-CA). Some of the major provisions include:

86


        Reauthorization is currently working on two tracks through the fall: one is the normal track of the HEA reauthorization bill, and the second is through budget legislation to reduce the deficit known as the reconciliation process. The congressional budget resolution, passed earlier this year, requires that the House Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions ("HELP") report legislation that achieves significant five-year savings in their jurisdiction ($12.6 billion from the House Committee and $13.6 billion from the Senate Committee).

        Under the congressional budget resolution, House and Senate committees including the Education committees must report legislation back to the budget committees by September 16th that meets the mandated savings targets. From there, Congress must pass the final spending measure for the HEA changes to take effect. Management believes that H.R. 609 would meet a substantial portion of the savings targets assigned to the House Education Committee.

        To date, no reauthorization proposals have been introduced in the Senate. In addition to the proposals in the House-reported bill, some of the options that the Senate might consider to achieve these reductions could include additional fees, reduction of yields, reconsolidation and other measures that could adversely affect the Company's results of operations. Some of these were proposed as part of the President's Fiscal 2006 Budget. If proposals such as these were adopted, the Company's financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected and the refinancing risk in its Managed Consolidation Loan portfolio would increase significantly.

        There are also a number of proposed bills related to the federal student loan programs, such as the Student Aid Reward ("STAR") Act, which would provide schools additional funds for student aid if the schools use the FDLP. If enacted in their current form, these bills could have a materially adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. An amendment to the House HEA bill proposing the STAR Act was defeated during committee consideration of the HEA.


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

        The effect of short-term movements in interest rates on our results of operations and financial position has been limited through our interest rate risk management. The following tables summarize the effect on earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 and the effect on fair values at June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remain constant.

 
  Three months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Interest Rates:
  Interest Rates:
 
 
  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Earnings                                          
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities(1)   $ 6   1 % $ 10   2 % $ 10   3 % $ 40   10 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities     348   2,973     669   5,712     132   23     460   81  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in net income before taxes   $ 354   74 % $ 679   143 % $ 142   15 % $ 500   52 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share   $ .50   75 % $ .96   145 % $ .197   15 % $ .689   53 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

87


 
  Six months ended June 30,
 
 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Interest Rates:
  Interest Rates:
 
 
  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Earnings                                          
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities(1)   $ 13   2 % $ 29   4 % $ 8   1 % $ 67   10 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities     348   455     669   874     132   20     460   69  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in net income before taxes   $ 361   41 % $ 698   79 % $ 140   10 % $ 527   39 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share   $ .51   45 % $ 1.01   87 % $ .193   10 % $ .722   38 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
"Increase/ (decrease) in pre-tax net income before "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities" includes stress of Series B Preferred Stock.

 
  At June 30, 2005
 
 
   
  Interest Rates:
 
 
   
  Change from
increase of
100 basis points

  Change from
increase of
300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions)

  Fair
Value

 
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Fair Values                            
Assets                            
  Student loans   $ 75,552   $ (306 ) % $ (587 ) (1 )%
  Other earning assets     7,070     (69 ) (1 )   (197 ) (3 )
  Other assets     6,905     (642 ) (9 )   (987 ) (14 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 89,527   $ (1,017 ) (1 )% $ (1,771 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities                            
  Interest bearing liabilities   $ 79,858   $ (1,374 ) (2 )% $ (3,490 ) (4 )%
  Other liabilities     3,337     446   13     1,858   56  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities   $ 83,195   $ (928 ) (1 )% $ (1,632 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  At December 31, 2004
 
 
   
  Interest Rates:
 
 
   
  Change from increase
of 100 basis points

  Change from increase
of 300 basis points

 
(Dollars in millions)

   
 
  Fair Value
  $
  %
  $
  %
 
Effect on Fair Values                            
Assets                            
  Student loans   $ 67,431   $ (315 ) % $ (636 ) (1 )%
  Other earning assets     10,285     (120 ) (1 )   (333 ) (3 )
  Other assets     7,878     (652 ) (8 )   (1,154 ) (15 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 85,594   $ (1,087 ) (1 )% $ (2,123 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities                            
  Interest bearing liabilities   $ 78,295   $ (1,202 ) (2 )% $ (3,356 ) (4 )%
  Other liabilities     2,798     276   10     1,503   54  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total liabilities   $ 81,093   $ (926 ) (1 )% $ (1,853 ) (2 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 

88


        A primary objective in our funding is to minimize our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt. However, as discussed under "NET INTEREST INCOME—Student Loans—On-Balance Sheet Floor Income," in the current low interest rate environment, we can have a fixed versus floating mismatch in funding if the student loan earns at the fixed borrower rate and the funding remains floating.

        During the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, certain FFELP student loans were earning Floor Income and we locked in a portion of that Floor Income through the use of futures and Floor Income Contracts. The result of these hedging transactions was to convert a portion of the fixed rate nature of student loans to variable rate, and to fix the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the variable rate liability.

        In the above table, under the scenario where interest rates increase 100 and 300 basis points, the increase in pre-tax net income before the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 is primarily due to the impact of (i) our off-balance sheet hedged Consolidation Loan securitizations and the related Embedded Floor Income recognized as part of the gain on sale, which results in no change in the Embedded Floor Income as a result of the increase in rates but does result in a decrease in payments on the written Floor contracts and (ii) our unhedged on-balance sheet loans not currently having significant Floor Income due to the recent increase in interest rates, which results in these loans being more variable rate in nature.


Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of June 30, 2005. Based on this evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Accounting and Risk Management, concluded that, as of June 30, 2005, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, Accounting and Risk Management, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2005 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

89



PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

        On May 20, 2005, the Company settled a lawsuit originally filed by College Loan Corporation in September 2002. The lawsuit challenged the Company's practices in interpreting the single holder rule, which provides that borrowers who have a single lender under the FFELP must first seek a Consolidation Loan from that lender.

        The settlement agreement includes a $14 million payment by the Company, net of an insurance payment. The agreement does not constitute any admission of liability by the Company and does not require the Company to change its current practice related to the single holder rule, absent any legislative or regulatory change.

        The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sought to represent a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid "undisclosed improper and excessive" late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of one thousand five hundred dollars per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court's decision granting our motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' amended compliant. Plaintiffs have appealed the Superior Court's December 27, 2004 dismissal order to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. All appellate briefing has been completed. The Company believes that it will prevail on the merits of this case if it becomes necessary to further litigate this matter.

        We are also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of our reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in our debt management operation group are named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that we have violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

90



Item 2. Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        The following table summarizes the Company's common share repurchases during the second quarter of 2005 pursuant to the stock repurchase program first authorized in September 1997 by the Board of Directors. Since the inception of the program, which has no expiration date, the Board of Directors has authorized the purchase of up to 308 million shares as of June 30, 2005.

(Common shares in millions)

  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)

  Average Price
Paid per
Share

  Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

  Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs(2)

Period:                  
April 1 – April 30, 2005   2.8   $ 50.45   2.8   24.5
May 1 – May 31, 2005   .1     48.45   .1   21.2
June 1 – June 30, 2005   .7     40.82   .7   20.5
   
 
 
   
Total second quarter   3.6   $ 48.55   3.6    
   
 
 
   

(1)
The total number of shares purchased includes: i) shares purchased under the stock repurchase program discussed above, and ii) shares purchased in connection with the exercise of stock options and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs (which combined totaled .3 million shares for the second quarter of 2005).

(2)
Reduced by outstanding equity forward contracts.


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

        Nothing to report.


Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        At the Company's annual meeting of shareholders held on May 19, 2005, the following proposals were approved by the margins indicated:

        1.     To elect 15 directors to serve on the Company's Board of Directors for one-year terms or until their successors are elected and qualified:

 
  Number of Shares
 
  Votes For
  Votes Withheld
Charles L. Daley   372,131,544   6,048,636
William M. Diefenderfer, III   372,216,352   5,963,828
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick   372,174,964   6,005,216
Diane Suitt Gilleland   368,600,549   9,579,631
Earl A. Goode   372,130,113   6,050,067
Ann Torre Grant   372,204,955   5,975,225
Ronald F. Hunt   344,931,801   33,248,379
Benjamin J. Lambert, III   371,481,339   6,698,841
Albert L. Lord   368,451,289   9,728,891
Barry A. Munitz   371,653,012   6,527,168
A. Alexander Porter, Jr.   372,174,910   6,005,270
Wolfgang Schoellkopf   372,166,108   6,014,072
Steven L. Shapiro   371,684,861   6,495,319
Barry L. Williams   370,654,178   7,526,002

91


        2.     To approve the reallocation of shares from the Director, Stock Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan to the SLM Corporation Incentive Plan:

Number of Shares
Votes For
  Votes Against
  Abstain
306,320,961   21,100,173   5,639,505

        3.     To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for 2005:

Number of Shares
Votes For
  Votes Against
  Abstain
371,110,884   1,674,815   5,394,481

        In the Company's proxy statement for the 2005 Annual Shareholders' Meeting, the date for receipt of shareholder proposals for the 2006 Annual Shareholders' Meeting, was incorrectly stated as December 9, 2005. The correct date is December 12, 2005.


Item 5. Other Information

        Nothing to report.


Item 6. Exhibits

        The following exhibits are furnished or filed, as applicable.

31.1   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

92



SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

    SLM CORPORATION
(Registrant)

 

 

By:

 

/s/  
C.E. ANDREWS      
C. E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance,
Accounting and Risk Management
(Principal Accounting Officer and
Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: August 9, 2005

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QuickLinks

SLM CORPORATION FORM 10-Q INDEX June 30, 2005
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
SLM CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands)
SLM CORPORTION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Information at June 30, 2005 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 is unaudited) (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
SIGNATURES

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Exhibit 31.1


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

    /s/  THOMAS J. FITZPATRICK      
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
August 9, 2005



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Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 31.2


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, C.E. Andrews, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

    /s/  C.E. ANDREWS      
C.E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management
August 9, 2005



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Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 32.1


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:


/s/  THOMAS J. FITZPATRICK      
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
August 9, 2005
   



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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

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Exhibit 32.2


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, C.E. Andrews, Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:


/s/  C.E. ANDREWS      
C.E. Andrews
Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and
Risk Management

August 9, 2005
   



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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002