e8vk
 
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 23, 2008
SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
         
DELAWARE   File No. 001-13251   52-2013874
(State or other jurisdiction   (Commission File Number)   (IRS Employer
of incorporation)       Identification No.)
12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia 20190
(Address if principal executive offices)(zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 810-3000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o   Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o   Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o   Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o   Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
 


 

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
     On July 23, 2008, SLM Corporation issued a press release with respect to its earnings for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2008, which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K. Additional information for the quarter, which is available on the Registrant’s website at http://www.salliemae.com/about/investors/stockholderinfo/earningsinfo/, is furnished as Exhibit 99.2.

2


 

SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
         
  SLM CORPORATION
 
 
  By:   /s/ JOHN F. REMONDI   
    Name:   John F. Remondi   
    Title:   Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer  
 
Dated: July 23, 2008

3


 

SLM CORPORATION
Form 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit    
No.   Description
99.1
  Press Release dated July 23, 2008
99.2
  Additional Information Available on the Registrant’s Website

4

exv99w1
Exhibit 99.1
(SALLIEMAE NEWS RELEASE)
         
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
  Media Contact:   Investor Contacts:
 
  Martha Holler   Steve McGarry
 
  703/984-5178   703/984-6746
 
      Joe Fisher
 
      703/984-5755
SALLIE MAE REPORTS SECOND-QUARTER 2008 RESULTS
RESTON, Va., July 23, 2008 — SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, today reported second-quarter 2008 performance results that include strong growth in student loan originations by the company's internal lending brands and solid performance by the company’s core student loan businesses.
      For the 2008 second quarter, “core earnings” net income totaled $156 million, or $.27 diluted earnings per share. These results include the effect of restructuring-related charges of $53 million ($.08 per diluted share), purchased-paper business losses of $26 million ($.05 per diluted share), and asset-backed financing facilities fees of $109 million ($.15 per diluted share). “Core earnings” net income from the company's lending business was $175 million in the second-quarter 2008, up from $170 million in the year-ago period.
      For the 2007 second quarter, “core earnings” net income totaled $189 million, or $.43 diluted earnings per share.
     “Our funding costs have been extraordinarily high throughout 2008,” said Albert L. Lord, vice chairman and CEO. “Recent spread narrowing is encouraging because our earnings potential in 2008 and beyond is largely dependent on future funding costs.”
      Student loans originated through Sallie Mae’s internal brands, the most profitable segment of total student loan originations, were $2.7 billion in the second-quarter 2008, up 12 percent from the year-ago quarter’s $2.4 billion. Total student loan originations were $3.3 billion in the 2008 second quarter, compared to $3.6 billion in the year-ago period, the decrease driven by the changing nature of the company’s relationships with external lending partners and a shift from purchasing, to servicing, their loans. The company expects its internal lending brands to represent a growing majority of total student loan originations.
      The company’s managed student loan portfolio totaled $171.9 billion at June 30, 2008, compared to $153.2 billion one year ago.
 

(FOOTER)

 


 

      Funding and liquidity improved during the 2008 second quarter:  1) the company issued more than $7 billion in term asset-backed securitization transactions and spreads declined significantly;  2) the company issued $2.5 billion of senior, unsecured notes for the first time since March 2007; and  3) the U.S. Department of Education received Congressional authority to implement a solution to provide liquidity for federal student loans.
      Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also presents certain “core earnings” performance measures. The company’s management, equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these “core earnings” measures to monitor the company’s business performance. Both a description of the “core earnings” treatment and a full reconciliation to the GAAP income statement can be found at: http://www.salliemae.com/about/investors/stockholderinfo/earningsinfo/, click on the Second Quarter 2008 Supplemental Earnings Disclosure.
      Sallie Mae reported second-quarter 2008 GAAP net income of $266 million, or $.50 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $966 million, or $1.03 diluted earnings per share, in the 2007 second quarter. The largest difference between GAAP and “core earnings” second-quarter 2008 earnings per share results is the net impact of derivative accounting which, under SFAS\ 133, resulted in a $447 million unrealized, mark-to-market, pre-tax gain recognized in GAAP, but not in “core earnings,” results.
      The GAAP provision for loan losses was $143 million, down from the year-ago quarter’s $148 million. GAAP net interest income was $403 million for the 2008 second quarter, compared to $399 million in the second-quarter 2007. Under GAAP accounting, the provision for loan losses and net interest income are based only on on-balance sheet loans; the comparable “core earnings” figures are based on total managed loans.
      Presentation slides for the conference call discussed below may be accessed on www.salliemae.com/about/investors/stockholderinfo/webcast.
***
      The company will host an earnings conference call tomorrow, July 24 at 8 a.m. EDT. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company’s performance. Individuals interested in participating should call the following number tomorrow, July 24, 2008, starting at 7:45 a.m. EDT: (877) 356-5689 (USA and Canada) or (706) 679-0623 (International) and use access code 53880816. The conference call will be replayed continuously beginning at 11 a.m. EDT on Thursday, July 24, 2008, and concluding at midnight on Aug. 7, 2008. To access the replay, please dial (800) 642-1687 (USA and Canada) or dial (706) 645-9291 (International) and use access code 53880816. In addition, there will be a live audio Web cast of the conference call, which may be accessed at www.salliemae.com. A replay will be available 30 to 45 minutes after the live broadcast.
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Because such statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations, and from changes in such laws and regulations, adverse results in legal disputes, changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families, limited liquidity, increased financing costs and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the forward-looking statements contained in the company’s Supplemental Financial Information Second Quarter 2008. All information in this release is as of July 23, 2008. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in the Company’s expectations.
***
 

(FOOTER)

 


 

SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, is the nation’s leading provider of saving- and paying-for-college programs. The company manages nearly $172 billion in education loans and serves 10 million student and parent customers. Through its Upromise affiliates, the company also manages more than $19 billion in 529 college-savings plans, and is a major, private source of college funding contributions in America with 9 million members and $425 million in member rewards. Sallie Mae and its subsidiaries offer debt management services as well as business and technical products to a range of business clients, including higher education institutions, student loan guarantors and state and federal agencies. More information is available at www.salliemae.com. SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
###
 

(FOOTER)

 


 

SLM CORPORATION
 
Supplemental Earnings Disclosure
 
June 30, 2008
 
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS
                                       
                                         
GAAP Basis
                                       
Net income (loss)
  $ 266     $ (104 )   $ 966     $ 162     $ 1,082  
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ .50     $ (.28 )   $ 1.03     $ .23     $ 1.82  
Return on assets
    .74 %     (.29 )%     3.23 %     .23 %     1.89 %
                                         
“Core Earnings” Basis(1)
                                       
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 156     $ 188     $ 189     $ 344     $ 440  
“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share
  $ .27     $ .34     $ .43     $ .62     $ .99  
“Core Earnings” return on assets
    .34 %     .41 %     .45 %     .38 %     .54 %
                                         
OTHER OPERATING STATISTICS
                                       
                                         
Average on-balance sheet student loans
  $ 133,748     $ 129,341     $ 108,865     $ 131,544     $ 105,203  
Average off-balance sheet student loans
    38,175       39,163       43,432       38,670       44,044  
                                         
Average Managed student loans
  $ 171,923     $ 168,504     $ 152,297     $ 170,214     $ 149,247  
                                         
                                         
Ending on-balance sheet student loans, net
  $ 134,289     $ 131,013     $ 110,626                  
Ending off-balance sheet student loans, net
    37,615       38,462       42,577                  
                                         
Ending Managed student loans, net
  $ 171,904     $ 169,475     $ 153,203                  
                                         
                                         
Ending Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net
  $ 51,622     $ 49,179     $ 42,865                  
Ending Managed FFELP Consolidation Loans, net
    89,213       90,105       85,276                  
Ending Managed Private Education Loans, net
    31,069       30,191       25,062                  
                                         
Ending Managed student loans, net
  $ 171,904     $ 169,475     $ 153,203                  
                                         
 
 
(1) See explanation of “Core Earnings” performance measures under “Reconciliation of ‘Core Earnings’ Net Income to GAAP Net Income.”


 

SLM CORPORATION
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
                         
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
 
Assets
                       
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans (net of allowance for losses of $56,882; $52,238; and $11,337, respectively)
  $ 43,146,711     $ 40,168,284     $ 31,503,088  
FFELP Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $40,811; $41,759; and $12,746, respectively)
    73,171,342       73,867,639       68,109,269  
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $970,150; $938,409; and $427,904, respectively)
    17,970,556       16,977,146       11,013,668  
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $46,794; $44,575; and $19,989, respectively)
    902,684       1,140,468       1,178,052  
Cash and investments
    7,912,882       5,318,506       4,565,606  
Restricted cash and investments
    3,701,454       4,170,934       4,300,826  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans
    2,544,517       2,874,481       3,448,045  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
    1,304,941       1,319,723       1,356,620  
Other assets
    12,907,154       13,335,811       7,327,108  
                         
Total assets
  $ 163,562,241     $ 159,172,992     $ 132,802,282  
                         
Liabilities
                       
Short-term borrowings
  $ 37,191,756     $ 38,095,928     $ 9,758,465  
Long-term borrowings
    117,920,836       112,485,060       114,365,577  
Other liabilities
    2,905,165       3,377,229       3,320,098  
                         
Total liabilities
    158,017,757       153,958,217       127,444,140  
                         
                         
Commitments and contingencies
                       
                         
Minority interest in subsidiaries
    9,480       6,608       10,081  
                         
Stockholders’ equity
                       
                         
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized:
                       
Series A: 3,300; 3,300; and 3,300 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share
    165,000       165,000       165,000  
Series B: 4,000; 4,000; and 4,000 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share
    400,000       400,000       400,000  
Series C: 7.25% mandatory convertible preferred stock: 1,150; 1,150; and 0 shares, respectively, issued at liquidation preference of $1,000 per share
    1,150,000       1,150,000        
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 534,010; 533,678; and 436,095 shares, respectively, issued
    106,802       106,736       87,219  
Additional paid-in capital
    4,637,731       4,610,278       2,721,554  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
    61,994       (2,394 )     265,388  
Retained earnings
    855,527       617,184       2,790,674  
                         
Stockholders’ equity before treasury stock
    7,377,054       7,046,804       6,429,835  
Common stock held in treasury: 66,445; 66,301; and 23,477 shares, respectively
    1,842,050       1,838,637       1,081,774  
                         
Total stockholders’ equity
    5,535,004       5,208,167       5,348,061  
                         
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 163,562,241     $ 159,172,992     $ 132,802,282  
                         


2


 

SLM CORPORATION
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                       
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 497,598     $ 464,476     $ 511,300     $ 962,074     $ 962,062  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    769,664       836,656       1,087,254       1,606,320       2,102,100  
Private Education Loans
    409,323       443,522       329,351       852,845       667,772  
Other loans
    21,355       23,344       26,453       44,699       54,426  
Cash and investments
    70,521       123,816       141,524       194,337       255,428  
                                         
Total interest income
    1,768,461       1,891,814       2,095,882       3,660,275       4,041,788  
Total interest expense
    1,365,918       1,615,445       1,697,229       2,981,363       3,229,319  
                                         
Net interest income
    402,543       276,369       398,653       678,912       812,469  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    143,015       137,311       148,200       280,326       298,530  
                                         
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
    259,528       139,058       250,453       398,586       513,939  
                                         
Other income (loss):
                                       
Gains on student loan securitizations
                            367,300  
Servicing and securitization revenue
    1,630       107,642       132,987       109,272       384,925  
Losses on sales of loans and securities, net
    (43,583 )     (34,666 )     (10,921 )     (78,249 )     (41,888 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    362,043       (272,796 )     821,566       89,247       464,597  
Contingency fee revenue
    83,790       85,306       80,237       169,096       167,559  
Collections revenue
    26,365       57,239       77,092       83,604       142,654  
Guarantor servicing fees
    23,663       34,653       30,273       58,316       69,514  
Other
    108,728       93,533       89,004       202,261       185,437  
                                         
Total other income
    562,636       70,911       1,220,238       633,547       1,740,098  
Expenses:
                                       
Restructuring expenses
    46,740       20,678             67,418        
Operating expenses
    353,688       355,648       398,800       709,336       754,974  
                                         
Total expenses
    400,428       376,326       398,800       776,754       754,974  
                                         
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    421,736       (166,357 )     1,071,891       255,379       1,499,063  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    153,074       (62,488 )     104,724       90,586       414,738  
                                         
Income (loss) before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    268,662       (103,869 )     967,167       164,793       1,084,325  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    2,926       (65 )     696       2,861       1,701  
                                         
Net income (loss)
    265,736       (103,804 )     966,471       161,932       1,082,624  
Preferred stock dividends
    27,391       29,025       9,156       56,416       18,249  
                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock
  $ 238,345     $ (132,829 )   $ 957,315     $ 105,516     $ 1,064,375  
                                         
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
  $ .51     $ (.28 )   $ 2.32     $ .23     $ 2.59  
                                         
Average common shares outstanding
    466,649       466,580       411,870       466,615       411,457  
                                         
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ .50     $ (.28 )   $ 1.03     $ .23     $ 1.82  
                                         
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
    517,954       466,580       452,406       467,316       454,139  
                                         
Dividends per common share
  $     $     $     $     $ .25  
                                         


3


 

SLM CORPORATION
 
Segment and “Core Earnings”
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
                                                 
    Quarter ended June 30, 2008  
          Asset
                         
          Performance
    Corporate
    Total “Core
          Total
 
    Lending     Group     and Other     Earnings”     Adjustments     GAAP  
    (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 524,022     $     $     $ 524,022     $ (26,424 )   $ 497,598  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    907,669                   907,669       (138,005 )     769,664  
Private Education Loans
    665,452                   665,452       (256,129 )     409,323  
Other loans
    21,355                   21,355             21,355  
Cash and investments
    80,445             4,902       85,347       (14,826 )     70,521  
                                                 
Total interest income
    2,198,943             4,902       2,203,845       (435,384 )     1,768,461  
Total interest expense
    1,604,872       6,933       5,074       1,616,879       (250,961 )     1,365,918  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    594,071       (6,933 )     (172 )     586,966       (184,423 )     402,543  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    192,181                   192,181       (49,166 )     143,015  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    401,890       (6,933 )     (172 )     394,785       (135,257 )     259,528  
Contingency fee revenue
          83,790             83,790             83,790  
Collections revenue
          27,517             27,517       (1,152 )     26,365  
Guarantor servicing fees
                23,663       23,663             23,663  
Other income
    61,898             45,587       107,485       321,333       428,818  
                                                 
Total other income
    61,898       111,307       69,250       242,455       320,181       562,636  
Restructuring expenses
    30,947       5,174       10,619       46,740             46,740  
Operating expenses
    154,505       110,340       73,871       338,716       14,972       353,688  
                                                 
Total expenses
    185,452       115,514       84,490       385,456       14,972       400,428  
                                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    278,336       (11,140 )     (15,412 )     251,784       169,952       421,736  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)
    102,917       (4,050 )     (5,651 )     93,216       59,858       153,074  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          2,926             2,926             2,926  
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 175,419     $ (10,016 )   $ (9,761 )   $ 155,642     $ 110,094     $ 265,736  
                                                 
 
 
(1) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.


4


 

SLM CORPORATION
 
Segment and “Core Earnings”
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
                                                 
    Quarter ended March 31, 2008  
          Asset
                         
          Performance
    Corporate
    Total “Core
          Total
 
    Lending     Group     and Other     Earnings”     Adjustments     GAAP  
    (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 494,382     $     $     $ 494,382     $ (29,906 )   $ 464,476  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    988,486                   988,486       (151,830 )     836,656  
Private Education Loans
    749,321                   749,321       (305,799 )     443,522  
Other loans
    23,344                   23,344             23,344  
Cash and investments
    141,902             6,267       148,169       (24,353 )     123,816  
                                                 
Total interest income
    2,397,435             6,267       2,403,702       (511,888 )     1,891,814  
Total interest expense
    1,824,471       6,840       5,202       1,836,513       (221,068 )     1,615,445  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    572,964       (6,840 )     1,065       567,189       (290,820 )     276,369  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    181,321                   181,321       (44,010 )     137,311  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    391,643       (6,840 )     1,065       385,868       (246,810 )     139,058  
Contingency fee revenue
          85,306             85,306             85,306  
Collections revenue
          56,361             56,361       878       57,239  
Guarantor servicing fees
                34,653       34,653             34,653  
Other income (loss)
    44,345             50,641       94,986       (201,273 )     (106,287 )
                                                 
Total other income
    44,345       141,667       85,294       271,306       (200,395 )     70,911  
Restructuring expenses
    15,550       434       4,694       20,678             20,678  
Operating expenses
    163,636       106,142       69,655       339,433       16,215       355,648  
                                                 
Total expenses
    179,186       106,576       74,349       360,111       16,215       376,326  
                                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    256,802       28,251       12,010       297,063       (463,420 )     (166,357 )
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)
    94,067       10,348       4,399       108,814       (171,302 )     (62,488 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          (65 )           (65 )           (65 )
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 162,735     $ 17,968     $ 7,611     $ 188,314     $ (292,118 )   $ (103,804 )
                                                 
 
 
(1) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.


5


 

 
SLM CORPORATION
 
Segment and “Core Earnings”
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
                                                 
    Quarter ended June 30, 2007  
          Asset
                         
          Performance
    Corporate
    Total “Core
          Total
 
    Lending     Group     and Other     Earnings”     Adjustments     GAAP  
    (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 718,624     $     $     $ 718,624     $ (207,324 )   $ 511,300  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    1,391,015                   1,391,015       (303,761 )     1,087,254  
Private Education Loans
    692,499                   692,499       (363,148 )     329,351  
Other loans
    26,453                   26,453             26,453  
Cash and investments
    182,644             7,197       189,841       (48,317 )     141,524  
                                                 
Total interest income
    3,011,235             7,197       3,018,432       (922,550 )     2,095,882  
Total interest expense
    2,371,441       6,612       5,425       2,383,478       (686,249 )     1,697,229  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    639,794       (6,612 )     1,772       634,954       (236,301 )     398,653  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    246,981                   246,981       (98,781 )     148,200  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    392,813       (6,612 )     1,772       387,973       (137,520 )     250,453  
Contingency fee revenue
          80,233             80,233       4       80,237  
Collections revenue
          77,412             77,412       (320 )     77,092  
Guarantor servicing fees
                30,273       30,273             30,273  
Other income
    59,458             48,141       107,599       925,037       1,032,636  
                                                 
Total other income
    59,458       157,645       78,414       295,517       924,721       1,220,238  
Operating expenses
    181,650       96,307       104,432       382,389       16,411       398,800  
                                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    270,621       54,726       (24,246 )     301,101       770,790       1,071,891  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)
    100,130       20,248       (8,971 )     111,407       (6,683 )     104,724  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          696             696             696  
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 170,491     $ 33,782     $ (15,275 )   $ 188,998     $ 777,473     $ 966,471  
                                                 
 
 
(1) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.


6


 

 
SLM CORPORATION
 
Segment and “Core Earnings”
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
                                                 
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
          Asset
                         
          Performance
    Corporate
    Total “Core
          Total
 
    Lending     Group     and Other     Earnings”     Adjustments     GAAP  
    (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,018,404     $     $     $ 1,018,404     $ (56,330 )   $ 962,074  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    1,896,155                   1,896,155       (289,835 )     1,606,320  
Private Education Loans
    1,414,773                   1,414,773       (561,928 )     852,845  
Other loans
    44,699                   44,699             44,699  
Cash and investments
    222,347             11,169       233,516       (39,179 )     194,337  
                                                 
Total interest income
    4,596,378             11,169       4,607,547       (947,272 )     3,660,275  
Total interest expense
    3,429,343       13,773       10,276       3,453,392       (472,029 )     2,981,363  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    1,167,035       (13,773 )     893       1,154,155       (475,243 )     678,912  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    373,502                   373,502       (93,176 )     280,326  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    793,533       (13,773 )     893       780,653       (382,067 )     398,586  
Contingency fee revenue
          169,096             169,096             169,096  
Collections revenue
          83,878             83,878       (274 )     83,604  
Guarantor servicing fees
                58,316       58,316             58,316  
Other income
    106,243             96,228       202,471       120,060       322,531  
                                                 
Total other income
    106,243       252,974       154,544       513,761       119,786       633,547  
Restructuring expenses
    46,497       5,608       15,313       67,418             67,418  
Operating expenses
    318,141       216,482       143,526       678,149       31,187       709,336  
                                                 
Total expenses
    364,638       222,090       158,839       745,567       31,187       776,754  
                                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    535,138       17,111       (3,402 )     548,847       (293,468 )     255,379  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)
    196,984       6,298       (1,252 )     202,030       (111,444 )     90,586  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          2,861             2,861             2,861  
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 338,154     $ 7,952     $ (2,150 )   $ 343,956     $ (182,024 )   $ 161,932  
                                                 
 
 
(1) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.


7


 

 
SLM CORPORATION
 
Segment and “Core Earnings”
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
                                                 
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
          Asset
                         
          Performance
    Corporate
    Total ‘‘Core
          Total
 
    Lending     Group     and Other     Earnings”     Adjustments     GAAP  
    (unaudited)  
 
Interest income:
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,413,977     $     $     $ 1,413,977     $ (451,915 )   $ 962,062  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    2,722,250                   2,722,250       (620,150 )     2,102,100  
Private Education Loans
    1,350,083                   1,350,083       (682,311 )     667,772  
Other loans
    54,426                   54,426             54,426  
Cash and investments
    344,321             9,332       353,653       (98,225 )     255,428  
                                                 
Total interest income
    5,885,057             9,332       5,894,389       (1,852,601 )     4,041,788  
Total interest expense
    4,591,577       13,299       10,993       4,615,869       (1,386,550 )     3,229,319  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    1,293,480       (13,299 )     (1,661 )     1,278,520       (466,051 )     812,469  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    444,911             606       445,517       (146,987 )     298,530  
                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    848,569       (13,299 )     (2,267 )     833,003       (319,064 )     513,939  
Contingency fee revenue
          167,559             167,559             167,559  
Collections revenue
          142,734             142,734       (80 )     142,654  
Guarantor servicing fees
                69,514       69,514             69,514  
Other income
    103,876             99,458       203,334       1,157,037       1,360,371  
                                                 
Total other income
    103,876       310,293       168,972       583,141       1,156,957       1,740,098  
Operating expenses
    353,213       189,555       171,937       714,705       40,269       754,974  
                                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    599,232       107,439       (5,232 )     701,439       797,624       1,499,063  
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)
    221,716       39,752       (1,936 )     259,532       155,206       414,738  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          1,701             1,701             1,701  
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 377,516     $ 65,986     $ (3,296 )   $ 440,206     $ 642,418     $ 1,082,624  
                                                 
 
 
(1) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.


8


 

 
SLM CORPORATION
 
Reconciliation of “Core Earnings” Net Income to GAAP Net Income
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
 
“Core Earnings” net income(A)
  $ 155,642     $ 188,314     $ 188,998     $ 343,956     $ 440,206  
“Core Earnings” adjustments:
                                       
Net impact of securitization accounting
    (246,506 )     (79,146 )     (15,071 )     (325,652 )     406,414  
Net impact of derivative accounting
    450,609       (363,368 )     841,564       87,241       509,840  
Net impact of Floor Income
    (18,809 )     (5,577 )     (39,246 )     (24,386 )     (78,267 )
Net impact of acquired intangibles
    (15,342 )     (15,329 )     (16,457 )     (30,671 )     (40,363 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    169,952       (463,420 )     770,790       (293,468 )     797,624  
Net tax effect(B)
    (59,858 )     171,302       6,683       111,444       (155,206 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments
    110,094       (292,118 )     777,473       (182,024 )     642,418  
                                         
GAAP net income (loss)
  $ 265,736     $ (103,804 )   $ 966,471     $ 161,932     $ 1,082,624  
                                         
GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ .50     $ (.28 )   $ 1.03     $ .23     $ 1.82  
                                         
                                         
                                       
(A)  “Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share
  $ .27     $ .34     $ .43     $ .62     $ .99  
                                         
 
(B) Such tax effect is based upon the Company’s “Core Earnings” effective tax rate. For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007, the “Core Earnings” effective tax rate is different than GAAP primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts. The Company settled all of its equity forward contracts in January 2008.
 
“Core Earnings”
 
In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In addition to evaluating the Company’s GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company’s business segments on a basis that, as allowed under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” differs from GAAP. We refer to management’s basis of evaluating our segment results as “Core Earnings” presentations for each business segment and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While “Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on “Core Earnings” to manage each operating segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
 
Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting and as a result, our management reporting is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Our operating segments are defined by products and services or by types of customers, and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in


9


 

management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
 
Limitations of “Core Earnings”
 
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that “Core Earnings” are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company’s results of operations. Nevertheless, “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, “Core Earnings” reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company’s performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company’s board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
 
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive “Core Earnings” results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment,” as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While presentation of our results on a “Core Earnings” basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed loan portfolio, a limitation of this presentation is that we present the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust we manage. While we believe that our “Core Earnings” presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our “Core Earnings” results exclude certain Floor Income, which is cash income, from our reported results and therefore may understate earnings in certain periods. Management’s financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
 
Pre-Tax Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP
 
Our “Core Earnings” are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a “Core Earnings” basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision makers. Our “Core Earnings” are used in developing our financial plans, tracking results, and establishing corporate performance targets. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company’s core business activities. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
 
  1)  Securitization Accounting: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending operating segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under “Core Earnings” for the Lending operating segment, we present all securitization transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront “gains” on sale from securitization transactions, as well as ongoing “servicing and securitization revenue” presented in accordance with GAAP, are excluded from “Core Earnings” and are replaced by interest income, provisions for loan losses, and interest expense as


10


 

  earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from “Core Earnings” as they are considered intercompany transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis.
 
  2)  Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our Lending operating segment, and occurred in our Corporate and Other reportable segment related to equity forward contracts for the year-ago quarters. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. “Core Earnings” also exclude the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that under SFAS No. 133, are required to be accounted for as derivatives and are marked to market through earnings. The Company settled all of its equity forward contracts in January 2008.
 
  3)  Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending operating segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads. Therefore, we exclude such income from “Core Earnings” when it is not economically hedged. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in “Derivative Accounting,” these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges, and therefore, under GAAP, are marked to market through the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line in the consolidated statement of income with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For “Core Earnings,” we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received in income.
 
  4)  Acquired Intangibles: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible impairment and the amortization of acquired intangibles.


11

exv99w2
Exhibit 99.2
 
SLM CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION RELEASE
SECOND QUARTER 2008
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)
 
The following information (the “Supplemental Financial Information Release” or “Release”) should be read in connection with SLM Corporation’s (the “Company’s”) press release for second quarter 2008 earnings, dated July 23, 2008.
 
The Supplemental Financial Information Release contains forward-looking statements and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of the Release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to our ability to cost-effectively refinance the aggregate $34 billion asset-backed financing facilities, due February 2009, which closed in the first quarter of 2008 (collectively, the “2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities”), including any potential foreclosure on the student loans under those facilities following their termination; increased financing costs; limited liquidity; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which we are a party; our derivative counterparties terminating their positions with the Company if permitted by their contracts and the Company substantially incurring additional costs to replace any terminated positions; changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and regulations and from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations) which, among other things, may reduce the volume, average term and yields on student loans under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”), may result in loans being originated or refinanced under non-FFELP programs, or may affect the terms upon which banks and others agree to sell FFELP loans to the Company. The Company could also be affected by: changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements; changes in the composition of our Managed FFELP and Private Education Loan portfolios; changes in the general interest rate environment and in the securitization markets for education loans, which may increase the costs or limit the availability of financings necessary to initiate, purchase or carry education loans; changes in projections of losses from loan defaults; changes in general economic conditions; changes in prepayment rates and credit spreads; and changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services. All forward-looking statements contained in the Release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date this Release is filed. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in the Company’s expectations.
 
Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the Company’s 2007 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 29, 2008.
 
Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the quarters ended June 30, 2007, to be consistent with classifications adopted for the quarter ended June 30, 2008.


 


 

 
DISCUSSION OF CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, net income was $266 million or $.50 diluted earnings per share, compared to a net loss of $104 million, or $.28 diluted loss per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2008. The effective tax rate for those periods was 36 percent and 38 percent, respectively. Pre-tax income increased by $588 million versus the prior quarter primarily due to an increase of $635 million in net gains on derivative and hedging activities. Net gains on derivative and hedging activities were $362 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to net losses of $273 million in the prior quarter. The increase in net gains on derivative and hedging activities were primarily related to an increase in unrealized gains on Floor Income Contracts in the second quarter of 2008 due to an increase in interest rates.
 
There were no gains on student loan securitizations in either the first or second quarters of 2008 since the Company did not complete any off-balance sheet securitizations. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,” on January 1, 2008, and elected the fair value option on all of the Residual Interests effective January 1, 2008. The Company made this election in order to simplify the accounting for Residual Interests by having all Residual Interests under one accounting model. Prior to this election, Residual Interests were accounted for either under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” with changes in fair value recorded through other comprehensive income or under SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments,” with changes in fair value recorded through income. The Company reclassified the related accumulated other comprehensive income of $195 million into retained earnings. Equity was not impacted at transition on January 1, 2008. Changes in fair value of Residual Interests on and after January 1, 2008 are recorded through the income statement. The Company has not elected the fair value option for any other financial instruments at this time. Servicing and securitization revenue decreased by $106 million from $108 million in the first quarter of 2008 to $2 million in the second quarter of 2008. This decrease was primarily due to a current-quarter $192 million unrealized mark-to-market loss on the Company’s Residual Interests recorded under SFAS No. 159 compared to a prior-quarter $88 million unrealized mark-to-market loss on the Company’s Residual Interests recorded under SFAS No. 159. The increase in the unrealized loss recorded under SFAS No. 159 was primarily a result of an increase to the discount rate assumption related to the Private Education Loan Residual Interest in the second quarter of 2008.
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses increased by $120 million in the second quarter of 2008 over the first quarter. This increase was due to a $126 million increase in net interest income, offset by a $6 million increase in provisions for loan losses. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in the student loan spread (see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Net Interest Income — Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet”), which was partially offset by an increase in the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees.
 
In the second quarter of 2008, fee and other income and collections revenue totaled $243 million, a $28 million decrease from $271 million in the prior quarter. This decrease was primarily the result of a $51 million impairment related to declines in the fair value of mortgage loans and real estate held by the Company’s mortgage purchased paper subsidiary (see “ASSET PERFORMANCE GROUP BUSINESS SEGMENT”).
 
The Company is currently restructuring its business in response to the impact of The College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 (“CCRAA”), and current challenges in the capital markets. As part of the Company’s cost reduction efforts, restructuring expenses of $47 million and $21 million were recognized in the current quarter and prior quarter, respectively. The majority of these restructuring expenses were severance costs related to the aggregate of completed and planned position eliminations totaling approximately 2,500 positions (representing approximately 23 percent of the overall employee population) across all areas of the Company. Cumulative restructuring expenses from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the second quarter of 2008 totaled $90 million. The Company estimates an additional $24 million of restructuring expenses associated with its current cost reduction efforts will be incurred in future periods.


2


 

Operating expenses, excluding $6 million of reorganization-related asset impairments recognized in the second quarter of 2008, were $348 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to $356 million in the first quarter of 2008. This $8 million decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to the Company’s cost reduction efforts discussed above.
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2007
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, our net income was $266 million or $.50 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $966 million, or $1.03 diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended June 30, 2007. The effective tax rate for those periods was 36 percent and 10 percent, respectively. The movement in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the permanent tax impact of excluding non-taxable gains and losses on the equity forward contracts which were marked to market through earnings under SFAS No. 133. The Company settled all of its outstanding equity forward contracts in January 2008. Pre-tax income decreased by $650 million versus the year-ago quarter primarily due to a decrease in net gains on derivative and hedging activities from $822 million in the year-ago quarter to $362 million in the second quarter of 2008.
 
There were no gains on student loan securitizations in either the second quarter of 2008 or the year-ago quarter since the Company did not complete any off-balance sheet securitizations in those periods. Servicing and securitization revenue decreased by $131 million from $133 million in the second quarter of 2007 to $2 million in the second quarter of 2008. This decrease was primarily due to a current-quarter $192 million unrealized mark-to-market loss recorded under SFAS No. 159 compared to a year-ago quarter $57 million unrealized mark-to-market loss, which included impairment and an unrealized mark-to-market loss recorded under SFAS No. 155. The increase in the unrealized loss recorded under SFAS No. 159 was primarily a result of an increase to the discount rate assumption related to the Private Education Loan Residual Interest in the second quarter of 2008, discussed above.
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses increased by $9 million in the second quarter from the year-ago quarter. This increase was due to a $4 million increase in net interest income, offset by a $5 million decrease in provisions for loan losses. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in the student loan spread (see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Net Interest Income — Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet”) and a $25 billion increase in the average balance of on-balance sheet student loans, partially offset by an increase in the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees.
 
In the second quarter of 2008, fee and other income and collections revenue totaled $243 million, a $33 million decrease from $276 million in the year-ago quarter. This decrease was primarily the result of a $51 million impairment related to declines in the fair value of mortgage loans and real estate held by the Company’s mortgage purchased paper subsidiary (see “ASSET PERFORMANCE GROUP BUSINESS SEGMENT”).
 
Restructuring expenses of $47 million were recognized in the second quarter of 2008, as previously discussed, with no such expenses recognized in the year-ago quarter.
 
Operating expenses, excluding $6 million of reorganization-related asset impairments recognized in the second quarter of 2008, were $348 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to $399 million in the second quarter of 2007. This $51 million decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to a $37 million decrease in Merger-related expenses and to the Company’s current cost reduction efforts discussed above.
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, our net income was $162 million or $.23 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $1.1 billion, or $1.82 diluted earnings per share, for the six months ended June 30, 2007. The effective tax rate for those periods was 35 percent and 28 percent, respectively. The movement in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the permanent tax impact of excluding non-taxable gains and losses on the equity forward contracts which were marked to market through earnings under SFAS No. 133. The Company settled all of its outstanding equity forward contracts in January 2008. Pre-tax


3


 

income decreased by $1.2 billion versus the year-ago period primarily due to a decrease in net gains on derivative and hedging activities from $465 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 to $89 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008, and by a decrease in gains on student loan securitizations.
 
There were no gains on student loan securitizations in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to gains of $367 million in the year-ago period. The Company did not complete any off-balance sheet securitizations in the first half of 2008 versus one Private Education Loan securitization in the first half of 2007. Servicing and securitization revenue decreased by $276 million from $385 million in the six months ended 2007 to $109 million in the current period. This decrease was primarily due to a $280 million unrealized mark-to-market loss recorded under SFAS No. 159 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to a $11 million unrealized mark-to-market gain in the six months ended June 30, 2007, which included both impairment and an unrealized mark-to-market gain recorded under SFAS No. 155. The increase in the unrealized loss recorded under SFAS No. 159 was primarily a result of an increase to the discount rate assumption related to the Private Education Loan Residual Interest in the second quarter of 2008.
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses decreased by $115 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008 from the year-ago period. This decrease was due to a $134 million decrease in net interest income, offset by an $18 million decrease in provisions for loan losses. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to a decrease in the student loan spread (see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Net Interest Income — Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet”) and an increase in the 2008 Asset-Backed Facilities Financing Fees.
 
In the first half of 2008, fee and other income and collections revenue totaled $513 million, a $52 million decrease from $565 million in the year-ago period. This decrease was primarily the result of a $51 million impairment related to declines in the fair value of mortgage loans and real estate held by the Company’s mortgage purchased paper subsidiary (see “ASSET PERFORMANCE GROUP BUSINESS SEGMENT”).
 
Restructuring expenses of $67 million were recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2008, as previously discussed, with no such expenses recognized in the year-ago period.
 
Operating expenses, excluding $6 million of reorganization-related asset impairments recognized in the second quarter of 2008, were $703 million in the first half of 2008 compared to $755 million in the year-ago period. This $52 million decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to a $37 million decrease in Merger-related expenses and the Company’s current cost reduction efforts discussed above.
 
Other Income
 
The following table summarizes the components of “Other income” in the consolidated statements of income for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Late fees and forbearance fees
  $ 34     $ 37     $ 32     $ 71     $ 67  
Asset servicing and other transaction fees
    26       26       26       52       51  
Loan servicing fees
    6       7       6       12       14  
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees
    1       1       4       2       7  
Other
    42       23       21       65       46  
                                         
Total other income
  $ 109     $ 94     $ 89     $ 202     $ 185  
                                         
 
The increase in other income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the prior periods reported above was primarily due to gains recognized on the Company’s repurchase of a portion of its unsecured debt with short-term maturities during the second quarter of 2008.


4


 

 
EARNINGS RELEASE SUMMARY
 
The following table summarizes GAAP income statement items (on a tax-effected basis) that are disclosed separately in the Company’s press releases of earnings or the Company’s quarterly earnings conference calls for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(in thousands)
  2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Reported net income (loss)
  $ 265,736     $ (103,804 )   $ 966,471     $ 161,932     $ 1,082,624  
Preferred stock dividends
    (27,391 )     (29,025 )     (9,156 )     (56,416 )     (18,249 )
                                         
Reported net income (loss) attributable to common stock
    238,345       (132,829 )     957,315       105,516       1,064,375  
Expense items disclosed separately (tax-effected):
                                       
Merger-related financing fees(1)
                8,839             8,839  
Merger-related professional fees and other costs
                23,275             23,590  
Restructuring expenses
    29,446       12,903             42,349        
Other reorganization-related asset impairments
    3,779                   3,779        
Acceleration of premium amortization expense on loans(2)
          33,818             33,818        
                                         
Total expense items disclosed separately (tax-effected)
    33,225       46,721       32,114       79,946       32,429  
                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock excluding the impact of items disclosed separately
    271,570       (86,108 )     989,429       185,462       1,096,804  
Adjusted for dividends of convertible preferred stock series C(3)
    20,844                          
Adjusted for debt expense of contingently convertible debt instruments, net of tax
                17,679             35,189  
Adjusted for non-taxable unrealized gains on equity forwards
                (507,072 )           (272,191 )
                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock excluding the impact of items disclosed separately, adjusted
  $ 292,414     $ (86,108 )   $ 500,036     $ 185,462     $ 859,802  
                                         
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding(4)
    517,954       466,580       452,406       467,316       454,139  
                                         
 
 
(1) Merger-related financing fees are the commitment and liquidity fees related to the financing facility in connection with the Merger Agreement, now terminated.
 
(2) The Company’s decision to cease consolidating FFELP Stafford loans and Consolidation Loans for the foreseeable future (considering the CCRAA’s impact on the economics of a Consolidation Loan as well as the Company’s increased cost of funds given the current credit market environment) resulted in a one-time, cumulative catch-up adjustment in premium amortization expense, due to shortening the assumed average lives of Stafford loans, which previously had an assumption that a portion of the underlying Stafford loans would consolidate internally, extending the average life of such loans. Consolidation Loans generally have longer terms to maturity than Stafford loans.
 
(3) There was no impact on diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the prior quarter and the six months ended June 30, 2008, because the effect of the assumed conversion was anti-dilutive. The convertible preferred stock series C was issued in the fourth quarter of 2007.
 
(4) Common equivalent shares outstanding were anti-dilutive for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.


5


 

The following table summarizes “Core Earnings” income statement items (on a tax-effected basis) that are disclosed separately in the Company’s press releases of earnings or the Company’s quarterly earnings conference calls for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(in thousands)
  2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $ 155,642     $ 188,314     $ 188,998     $ 343,956     $ 440,206  
Preferred stock dividends
    (27,391 )     (29,025 )     (9,156 )     (56,416 )     (18,249 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” net income (loss) attributable to common stock
    128,251       159,289       179,842       287,540       421,957  
Expense items disclosed separately (tax-effected):
                                       
Merger-related financing fees(1)
                8,839             8,839  
Merger-related professional fees and other costs
                23,275             23,590  
Restructuring expenses
    29,446       13,110             42,556        
Other reorganization-related asset impairments
    3,779                   3,779        
Acceleration of premium amortization expense on loans(2)
          52,106             52,106        
                                         
Total expense items disclosed separately (tax-effected)
    33,225       65,216       32,114       98,441       32,429  
                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock, excluding the impact of items disclosed separately
  $ 161,476     $ 224,505     $ 211,956     $ 385,981     $ 454,386  
                                         
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
    467,385       467,247       422,094       467,316       425,243  
                                         
 
 
(1) Merger-related financing fees are the commitment and liquidity fees related to the financing facility in connection with the Merger Agreement, now terminated.
 
(2) The Company’s decision to cease consolidating FFELP Stafford loans and Consolidation Loans for the foreseeable future (considering the CCRAA’s impact on the economics of a Consolidation Loan as well as the Company’s increased cost of funds given the current credit market environment) resulted in a one-time, cumulative catch-up adjustment in premium amortization expense, due to shortening the assumed average lives of Stafford loans, which previously had an assumption that a portion of the underlying Stafford loans would consolidate internally, extending the average life of such loans. Consolidation Loans generally have longer terms to maturity than Stafford loans.
 
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
 
The results of operations of the Company’s Lending, Asset Performance Group (“APG”), and Corporate and Other business segments are presented below, using our “Core Earnings” presentation.
 
The Lending business segment section includes all discussion of income and related expenses associated with the net interest margin, the student loan spread and its components, the provisions for loan losses, and other fees earned on our Managed portfolio of student loans. The APG business segment reflects the fees earned and expenses incurred in providing accounts receivable management and collection services. Our Corporate and Other business segment includes our remaining fee businesses and other corporate expenses that do not pertain directly to the primary segments identified above.
 
As previously discussed, on January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” and SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” The fair value adjustments of the items impacted by


6


 

SFAS No. 157 and SFAS No. 159 under GAAP are not included in “Core Earnings” net income and therefore the adoption of SFAS No. 157 and SFAS No. 159 did not impact the “Core Earnings” presentation for the three or six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
Pre-tax Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP
 
Our “Core Earnings” are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a “Core Earnings” basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision makers. Our “Core Earnings” are used in developing our financial plans, tracking results, and establishing corporate performance targets. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company’s core business activities. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
 
  1)  Securitization Accounting: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending operating segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under “Core Earnings” for the Lending operating segment, we present all securitization transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront “gains” on sale from securitization transactions, as well as ongoing “servicing and securitization revenue” presented in accordance with GAAP, are excluded from “Core Earnings” and are replaced by interest income, provisions for loan losses, and interest expense as earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from “Core Earnings” as they are considered intercompany transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis.
 
The following table summarizes “Core Earnings” securitization adjustments for the Lending operating segment for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” securitization adjustments:
                                       
Net interest income on securitized loans, before provisions for loan losses and before intercompany transactions
  $ (256 )   $ (194 )   $ (217 )   $ (449 )   $ (432 )
Provisions for loan losses
    49       44       99       93       146  
                                         
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for loan losses, before intercompany transactions
    (207 )     (150 )     (118 )     (356 )     (286 )
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts
    (42 )     (37 )     (30 )     (79 )     (60 )
                                         
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for loan losses
    (249 )     (187 )     (148 )     (435 )     (346 )
Gains on student loan securitizations
                            367  
Servicing and securitization revenue
    2       108       133       109       385  
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” securitization adjustments(1)
  $ (247 )   $ (79 )   $ (15 )   $ (326 )   $ 406  
                                         
 
 
(1) Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.


7


 

“Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts” in the above table relate primarily to losses incurred through the repurchase of delinquent loans from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts. When Private Education Loans in our securitization trusts settling before September 30, 2005, become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. We do not hold the contingent call option for any trusts settled after September 30, 2005.
 
  2)  Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our Lending operating segment, and occurred in our Corporate and Other reportable segment related to equity forward contracts in the year-ago quarters. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. “Core Earnings” also exclude the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that under SFAS No. 133, are required to be accounted for as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.
 
SFAS No. 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts, certain basis swaps and equity forward contracts (discussed in detail below), do not qualify for “hedge treatment” as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. The gains and losses described in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” are primarily caused by interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment.
 
Our Floor Income Contracts are written options that must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness under SFAS No. 133. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the paydown of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Under SFAS No. 133, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.
 
Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one floating interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to change the index of our floating rate debt to better match the cash flows of our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to a commercial paper, Prime or Treasury bill index. In addition, we use basis swaps to convert debt indexed to the Consumer Price Index to 3 month LIBOR debt. SFAS No. 133 requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk, however they generally do not meet this effectiveness test because most of our FFELP student loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed


8


 

interest rate depending on market interest rates. We also have basis swaps that do not meet the SFAS No. 133 effectiveness test that economically hedge off-balance sheet instruments. As a result, under GAAP these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected currently in the income statement.
 
Under SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity,” equity forward contracts that allow a net settlement option either in cash or the Company’s stock are required to be accounted for as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133. As a result, we account for our equity forward contracts as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and mark them to market through earnings. They do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges, as a requirement to achieve hedge accounting is the hedged item must impact net income and the settlement of these contracts through the purchase of our own stock does not impact net income. The Company settled all of its equity forward contracts in January 2008.
 
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 on net income for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the SFAS No. 133 implementation.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:
                                       
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income(1)
  $ 362     $ (273 )   $ 822     $ 89     $ 465  
Less: Realized (gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    85       (91 )     20       (6 )     45  
                                         
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    447       (364 )     842       83       510  
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments
    4       1             4        
                                         
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting(2)
  $ 451     $ (363 )   $ 842     $ 87     $ 510  
                                         
 
 
(1) See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.
 
 
(2) Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.


9


 

 
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
 
SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and the associated reclassification on a “Core Earnings” basis for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:
                                       
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income
  $ (175 )   $ (140 )   $ (9 )   $ (315 )   $ (16 )
Net settlement income (expense) on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income
    86       231       (11 )     317       (29 )
Net realized gains (losses) on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income
    4                   4        
                                         
Total reclassifications of realized (gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities
    (85 )     91       (20 )     6       (45 )
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    447       (364 )     842       83       510  
                                         
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ 362     $ (273 )   $ 822     $ 89     $ 465  
                                         
 
 
(1) “Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” comprises the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):
 
                                                 
    Quarters ended     Six months ended        
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
       
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007        
 
Floor Income Contracts
  $ 569     $ (295 )   $ 81     $ 274     $ 86          
Equity forward contracts
                796             384          
Basis swaps
    (157 )     (132 )     (38 )     (289 )     22          
Other
    35       63       3       98       18          
                                                 
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ 447     $ (364 )   $ 842     $ 83     $ 510          
                                                 
 
Unrealized gains and losses on Floor Income Contracts are primarily caused by changes in interest rates. In general, an increase in interest rates results in an unrealized gain and vice versa. Unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts fluctuate with changes in the Company’s stock price. Unrealized gains and losses on basis swaps result from changes in the spread between indices, primarily as it relates to Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) swaps economically hedging debt issuances indexed to CPI and on changes in the forward interest rate curves that impact basis swaps hedging repricing risk between quarterly reset debt and daily reset assets.


10


 

 
  3)  Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending operating segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads. Therefore, we exclude such income from “Core Earnings” when it is not economically hedged. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in “Derivative Accounting,” these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges, and therefore, under GAAP, they are marked-to-market through the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line in the consolidated statement of income with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For “Core Earnings,” we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received in income.
 
The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending operating segment for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” Floor Income adjustments:
                                       
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts
  $ 25     $ 32     $     $ 58     $  
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income
    (44 )     (38 )     (39 )     (82 )     (78 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” Floor Income adjustments(1)
  $ (19 )   $ (6 )   $ (39 )   $ (24 )   $ (78 )
                                         
 
 
(1) Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.
 
  4)  Acquired Intangibles: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible impairment and the amortization of acquired intangibles. For the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007, goodwill and intangible impairment and the amortization of acquired intangibles totaled $15 million, $15 million and $17 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, totaled $31 million and $40 million, respectively. We did not recognize any impairment in the current, prior or year-ago quarters.


11


 

 
LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT
 
In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. Typically a Private Education Loan is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford loans. While FFELP loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both FFELP and Private Education Loans.
 
As a result of the significant changes brought about by the legislative changes in the CCRAA, along with the impact of the credit environment, the student loan market place is undergoing significant change. As a result of these changes, over 160 lenders announced their withdrawal from the federal student loan marketplace. In addition, substantially all other lenders have altered their student loan offerings including the elimination of certain borrower benefits and the elimination of premiums paid on secondary market loan purchases. Finally many FFELP lenders, excluding Sallie Mae, have made other significant changes which will dramatically reduce the loan volume they will originate this academic year. These conditions have also led a number of schools to switch to the FDLP.
 
As a result, of CCRAA, it is no longer economical to purchase loans at historical premiums from our preferred channel clients. Therefore, some clients decided to continue to sell loans to us at lower premiums, some became third-party serviced clients, and most decided to exit the business. Given current market conditions, we expect that the loan volume impacted by lender decisions to exit the business will be either (1) originated through our internal brands; (2) absorbed by other lenders or (3) transferred to the FDLP.
 
The current funding and credit spread environment has made FFELP loan lending uneconomic. As a result, Congress passed the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008 (the “Act”) to give lenders the ability to continue lending this academic year. In connection with this Act, ED has announced its proposal of two programs to ensure that FFELP loans are available this academic year (see “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES — ED’s Loan Purchase Commitment and Loan Participation Programs”). ED has indicated that these proposals will be finalized and implemented shortly.


12


 

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Lending business segment.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” interest income:
                                       
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 524     $ 494     $ 719     $ 1,018     $ 1,414  
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    908       989       1,391       1,896       2,722  
Private Education Loans
    665       749       692       1,415       1,350  
Other loans
    21       23       27       45       54  
Cash and investments
    81       142       182       222       345  
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” interest income
    2,199       2,397       3,011       4,596       5,885  
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense
    1,605       1,824       2,371       3,429       4,592  
                                         
Net “Core Earnings” interest income
    594       573       640       1,167       1,293  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    192       181       247       374       444  
                                         
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provisions for loan losses
    402       392       393       793       849  
Other income
    62       44       59       106       104  
Restructuring expenses
    31       15             46        
Operating expenses
    155       164       182       318       353  
                                         
Total expenses
    186       179       182       364       353  
                                         
Income before income taxes
    278       257       270       535       600  
Income tax expense
    103       94       100       197       222  
                                         
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 175     $ 163     $ 170     $ 338     $ 378  
                                         
 
Net Interest Income
 
Changes in net interest income are primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan and other asset spread discussed below, the growth of our student loan portfolio, and changes in the level of cash and investments we hold on our balance sheet for liquidity purposes.


13


 

Average Balance Sheets — On-Balance Sheet
 
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2007 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007. This table reflects the net interest margin for all on-balance sheet assets. It is included in the Lending business segment discussion because this segment includes substantially all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
 
                                                 
    Quarters ended  
    June 30, 2008     March 31, 2008     June 30, 2007  
    Balance     Rate     Balance     Rate     Balance     Rate  
 
Average Assets
                                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 41,666       4.80 %   $ 38,349       4.87 %   $ 30,794       6.66 %
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    73,509       4.21       73,800       4.56       67,154       6.49  
Private Education Loans
    18,573       8.86       17,192       10.38       10,917       12.10  
Other loans
    1,018       8.43       1,194       7.87       1,259       8.43  
Cash and investments
    9,076       3.13       12,264       4.06       9,930       5.72  
                                                 
Total interest-earning assets
    143,842       4.94 %     142,799       5.33 %     120,054       7.00 %
                                                 
Non-interest-earning assets
    10,391               9,546               9,804          
                                                 
Total assets
  $ 154,233             $ 152,345             $ 129,858          
                                                 
Average Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                                               
Short-term borrowings
  $ 35,494       4.85 %   $ 35,975       4.77 %   $ 5,215       6.75 %
Long-term borrowings
    109,351       3.45       107,666       4.44       115,388       5.59  
                                                 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    144,845       3.79 %     143,641       4.52 %     120,603       5.64 %
                                                 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
    3,895               3,462               4,105          
Stockholders’ equity
    5,493               5,242               5,150          
                                                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 154,233             $ 152,345             $ 129,858          
                                                 
Net interest margin
            1.13 %             .78 %             1.33 %
                                                 
 


14


 

                                 
    Six months ended  
    June 30, 2008     June 30, 2007  
    Balance     Rate     Balance     Rate  
 
Average Assets
                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 40,008       4.84 %   $ 28,851       6.72 %
FFELP Consolidation Loans
    73,654       4.39       65,218       6.50  
Private Education Loans
    17,882       9.59       11,134       12.09  
Other loans
    1,106       8.13       1,312       8.37  
Cash and investments
    10,670       3.66       8,949       5.76  
                                 
Total interest-earning assets
    143,320       5.14 %     115,464       7.06 %
                                 
Non-interest-earning assets
    9,969               9,451          
                                 
Total assets
  $ 153,289             $ 124,915          
                                 
Average Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                               
Short-term borrowings
  $ 35,735       4.81 %   $ 4,223       6.42 %
Long-term borrowings
    108,508       3.94       111,689       5.59  
                                 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    144,243       4.16 %     115,912       5.62 %
                                 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
    3,679               4,294          
Stockholders’ equity
    5,367               4,709          
                                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 153,289             $ 124,915          
                                 
Net interest margin
            .95 %             1.42 %
                                 

15


 

Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet
 
The following table reflects the net interest margin of on-balance sheet interest-earning assets, before provisions for loan losses. (Certain percentages do not add or subtract down as they are based on average balances.)
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Student loan spread(1)(2)
    1.52 %     .98 %     1.47 %     1.25 %     1.55 %
Other asset spread(1)(3)
    .28       .04       (.01 )     .14       .08  
                                         
Net interest margin, before the impact of 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees(1)
    1.44       .90       1.33       1.16       1.42  
Less: 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees
    (.31 )     (.12 )           (.21 )      
                                         
Net interest margin
    1.13 %     .78 %     1.33 %     .95 %     1.42 %
                                         
                                       
(1)  Before commitment and liquidity fees associated with the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities, which are referred to as the “2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees. (See “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” for a further discussion).
(2)  Composition of student loan spread
Student loan yield, before Floor Income
    5.54 %     6.12 %     8.05 %     5.83 %     8.10 %
Gross Floor Income
    .40       .36       .02       .38       .02  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
    (.57 )     (.59 )     (.64 )     (.58 )     (.65 )
Repayment Borrower Benefits
    (.12 )     (.12 )     (.13 )     (.12 )     (.13 )
Premium and discount amortization
    (.21 )     (.35 )     (.20 )     (.28 )     (.18 )
                                         
Student loan net yield
    5.04       5.42       7.10       5.23       7.16  
Student loan cost of funds
    (3.52 )     (4.44 )     (5.63 )     (3.98 )     (5.61 )
                                         
Student loan spread, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees
    1.52 %     .98 %     1.47 %     1.25 %     1.55 %
                                         
(3)  Comprised of investments, cash and other loans.
 
Student Loan Spread — On-Balance Sheet
 
The student loan spread is impacted by changes in its various components, as reflected in footnote (2) to the “Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet” table above. Gross Floor Income is impacted by interest rates and the percentage of the FFELP portfolio eligible to earn Floor Income. The spread impact from Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees fluctuates as a function of the percentage of FFELP Consolidation Loans on our balance sheet. Repayment Borrower Benefits are generally impacted by the terms of the Repayment Borrower Benefits being offered as well as the payment behavior of the underlying loans. Premium and discount amortization is generally impacted by the prices previously paid for loans and amounts capitalized related to such purchases or originations. Premium and discount amortization is also impacted by prepayment behavior of the underlying loans.
 
The student loan spread, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees, for the second quarter of 2008 increased 54 basis points and 5 basis points from the prior quarter and year-ago quarter, respectively. The increase from the prior quarter was primarily due to a decrease in our cost of funds and an increase in premium amortization in the first quarter of 2008 (see “‘Core Earnings’ Basis Student Loan Spread” below for a further discussion of premium amortization impact). The cost of funds for on-balance sheet student loans excludes the impact of basis swaps that economically hedge the re-pricing and basis mismatch between our funding and student loan asset indices, but do not receive hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. We extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges, and as a result, are required to be accounted for in the “gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net” line on the income statement, as opposed to being accounted for in interest expense. As a result, these basis swaps are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the table above and therefore, in times of volatile movements of interest rates like those experienced in the first and second quarters of 2008, the student loan spread can significantly


16


 

change. See “’Core Earnings’ Net Interest Margin” in the following table, which reflects these basis swaps in interest expense, and demonstrates the economic hedge effectiveness of these basis swaps.
 
Other Asset Spread — On-Balance Sheet
 
The other asset spread is generated from cash and investments (both restricted and unrestricted) primarily in our liquidity portfolio and other loans. The Company invests its liquidity portfolio primarily in short-term securities with maturities of one week or less in order to manage credit risk and maintain available cash balances. The other asset spread for the second quarter of 2008 increased 24 basis points from the prior quarter and 29 basis points from the year-ago quarter. Changes in the other asset spread primarily relate to differences in the index basis and reset frequency between the asset indices and funding indices. A portion of this risk is hedged with derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133 and will impact the other asset spread in a similar fashion as the impact to the on-balance sheet student loan spread as discussed above. In volatile interest rate environments, these spreads may move significantly from period to period and differ from the “Core Earnings” basis other asset spread discussed below.
 
Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet
 
The net interest margin, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees, for the second quarter of 2008 increased 54 basis points from the first quarter of 2008. This increase primarily related to the previous discussions of changes in the on-balance sheet student loan and other asset spreads. The student loan portfolio as a percentage of the overall interest-earning asset portfolio did not change substantially between the two periods. Net interest margin, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees, for the second quarter of 2008 increased 11 basis points from the year-ago quarter. The increase in the student loan portfolio as a percentage of the overall interest-earning asset portfolio resulted in an increase to net interest margin of 3 basis points due to the student loan portfolio earning a higher spread than the other asset portfolio. An additional 8 basis point increase relates primarily to the previous discussions of changes in the on-balance sheet student loan and other asset spreads.
 
The increase in the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees was due to the facility closing on February 29, 2008 which resulted in only one month of fees in the first quarter of 2008.
 
“Core Earnings” Net Interest Margin
 
The following table analyzes the earnings from our portfolio of Managed interest-earning assets on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “BUSINESS SEGMENTS — Pre-tax Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP”). The “’Core Earnings’ Net Interest Margin” presentation and certain components used in the calculation differ from the “Net Interest Margin — On-Balance Sheet” presentation. The “Core Earnings” presentation, when compared to our on-balance sheet presentation, is different in that it:
 
  •  includes the net interest margin related to our off-balance sheet student loan securitization trusts. This includes any related fees or costs such as the Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees, premium/discount amortization and Borrower Benefits yield adjustments;
 
  •  includes the reclassification of certain derivative net settlement amounts. The net settlements on certain derivatives that do not qualify as SFAS No. 133 hedges are recorded as part of the “gain (loss) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line item on the income statement and are therefore not recognized in the on-balance sheet student loan spread. Under this presentation, these gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our “Core Earnings” net interest margin, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our written Floor Income Contracts to student loan interest income and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our basis swaps to debt interest expense;
 
  •  excludes unhedged Floor Income earned on the Managed student loan portfolio; and
 
  •  includes the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts in student loan income that we believe are economically hedging the Floor Income.


17


 

 
The following table reflects the “Core Earnings” net interest margin, before provisions for loan losses. (Certain percentages do not add or subtract down as they are based on average balances.)
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
“Core Earnings” basis student loan spread(1):
                                       
FFELP loan spread
    .87 %     .59 %     .98 %     .73 %     1.03 %
Private Education Loan spread(2)
    5.08       5.38       5.22       5.23       5.25  
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread(3)
    1.65       1.47       1.68       1.56       1.72  
“Core Earnings” basis other asset spread(1)(4)
    (.25 )     (.19 )     (.05 )     (.21 )     .06  
                                         
“Core Earnings” net interest margin, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees(1)
    1.52       1.33       1.52       1.42       1.58  
Less: 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees
    (.24 )     (.09 )           (.16 )      
                                         
“Core Earnings” net interest margin
    1.28 %     1.24 %     1.52 %     1.26 %     1.58 %
                                         
                                       
(1)  Before commitment and liquidity fees associated with the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities, which are referred to as the “2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees. (See “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” for a further discussion).
(2)  “Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan Spread, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees and after provisions for loan losses
    3.02 %     3.29 %     1.49 %     3.15 %     1.81 %
(3)  Composition of “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread:
                                       
“Core Earnings” basis student loan spread yield
    5.75 %     6.35 %     8.27 %     6.06 %     8.29 %
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
    (.54 )     (.55 )     (.57 )     (.55 )     (.58 )
Borrower Benefits
    (.12 )     (.11 )     (.12 )     (.12 )     (.12 )
Premium and discount amortization
    (.18 )     (.36 )     (.19 )     (.27 )     (.18 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis student loan net yield
    4.91       5.33       7.39       5.12       7.41  
“Core Earnings” basis student loan cost of funds
    (3.26 )     (3.86 )     (5.71 )     (3.56 )     (5.69 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis student loan spread, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees
    1.65 %     1.47 %     1.68 %     1.56 %     1.72 %
                                         
(4)  Comprised of investments, cash and other loans.
               
 
“Core Earnings” Basis Student Loan Spread
 
The “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread before the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees for the second quarter of 2008 increased 18 basis points and decreased 3 basis points from the prior quarter and year-ago quarter, respectively. The increase from the prior quarter was primarily due to the 18 basis point increase in premium amortization in the first quarter of 2008 as a result of the Company’s decision to cease consolidating FFELP Stafford loans and Consolidation Loans for the foreseeable future. This decision resulted in a one-time, cumulative catch-up adjustment in premium amortization expense, due to shortening the assumed average lives of Stafford loans, which previously had an assumption that a portion of the underlying Stafford loans would be consolidated internally. Consolidation Loans generally have longer terms to maturity than Stafford loans, and therefore consolidating loans internally extends the average life of such loans. In addition, the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread has been negatively impacted by an increase in the Company’s cost of funds from an increase in the credit spread on the Company’s debt during the last year due to the current credit environment. This increase in cost of funds was the primary driver of the decrease in the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread from the year-ago quarter.
 
The “Core Earnings” basis FFELP loan spread for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008 declined from the year-ago periods primarily as a result of the increase in the cost of funds previously discussed, as well as, the mix of the FFELP portfolio shifting towards loans originated subsequent to October 1, 2007 which have lower legislated yields as a result of the CCRAA. The significant decrease in the “Core Earnings” basis FFELP loan spread in the first quarter of 2008 was also due to the one-time premium amortization adjustment in the first quarter of 2008 discussed above. The “Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread before provision declined primarily as a result of the increase in the cost of funds


18


 

discussed previously. The changes in the “Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread after provision for all periods presented was primarily due to the timing and amount of provision associated with our allowance for Private Education Loan Losses as discussed below (see “Private Education Loan Losses — Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses”).
 
“Core Earnings” Basis Other Asset Spread
 
The “Core Earnings” basis other asset spread is generated from cash and investments (both restricted and unrestricted) primarily in our liquidity portfolio, and other loans. The Company invests its liquidity portfolio primarily in short-term securities with maturities of one week or less in order to manage credit risk and maintain available cash balances. The “Core Earnings” basis other asset spread for the second quarter of 2008 decreased 6 basis points from the prior quarter and decreased 20 basis points from the year-ago quarter. Changes in this spread primarily relate to differences between the index basis and reset frequency of the asset indices and funding indices. The significant decrease from the year-ago quarter is mostly due to the other assets’ indices resetting more frequently than the debt funding those assets. In volatile interest rate environments, the asset and debt reset frequencies will lag each other. The decrease in this spread is also a result of the increase in our cost of funds as previously discussed.
 
“Core Earnings” Net Interest Margin
 
The “Core Earnings” net interest margin, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees, for the second quarter of 2008 increased 19 basis points from the prior quarter. This increase primarily relates to the previous discussions of changes in the “Core Earnings” basis student loan and other asset spreads. The Managed student loan portfolio as a percentage of the overall interest-earning asset portfolio did not change substantially between the two periods. “Core Earnings” net interest margin, before 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities fees, for the second quarter of 2008 did not change from the year-ago quarter. The increase in the Managed student loan portfolio as a percentage of the overall Managed interest-earning asset portfolio resulted in an increase to “Core Earnings” net interest margin of 4 basis points due to the Managed student loan portfolio earning a higher spread than the Managed other interest-earning asset portfolio. The offsetting 4 basis point decrease relates primarily to the previous discussions of changes in the “Core Earnings” basis student loan and other asset spreads.
 
The increase in the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities Fees was due to the facility closing on February 29, 2008, which resulted in only one month of fees in the first quarter of 2008.
 
Private Education Loan Losses
 
On-Balance Sheet versus Managed Basis Presentation
 
All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. When we securitize Private Education Loans, we no longer legally own the loans and they are accounted for off-balance sheet. For our Managed Basis presentation in the table below, when loans are securitized, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for loan losses for amounts previously provided and then increase the allowance for loan losses for these loans off-balance sheet, with the total of both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet being the Managed Basis allowance for loan losses.
 
When Private Education Loans in our securitized trusts settling before September 30, 2005, become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. We account for these loans in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (“AICPA”) Statement of Position (“SOP”) 03-3, “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer.” Revenue is recognized over the anticipated remaining life of the loan based upon the amount and timing of anticipated cash flows. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP for loans repurchased at day 180 are reversed and the full amount is charged-off at day 212. We do not hold the contingent call option for any trusts settled after September 30, 2005.


19


 

When measured as a percentage of ending loans in repayment, the off-balance sheet allowance for loan losses is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet.
 
Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance
 
The tables below present our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007.
 
                                                 
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Private Education Loan Delinquencies  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007  
    Balance     %     Balance     %     Balance     %  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 9,662             $ 9,743             $ 5,789          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    1,178               1,281               544          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                                               
Loans current
    7,720       89.7 %     6,649       90.0 %     4,873       88.7 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    326       3.8       261       3.5       243       4.4  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    210       2.4       148       2.0       131       2.4  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    353       4.1       330       4.5       249       4.5  
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    8,609       100 %     7,388       100 %     5,496       100 %
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    19,449               18,412               11,829          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (508 )             (496 )             (387 )        
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans
    18,941               17,916               11,442          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (970 )             (939 )             (428 )        
                                                 
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 17,971             $ 16,977             $ 11,014          
                                                 
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            44.3 %             40.1 %             46.5 %
                                                 
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            10.3 %             10.0 %             11.3 %
                                                 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
            12.0 %             14.8 %             9.0 %
                                                 
 
 
(1) Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
(2) Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
(3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
 


20


 

                                                 
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Private Education Loan Delinquencies  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007  
    Balance     %     Balance     %     Balance     %  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 4,159             $ 4,780             $ 6,136          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    1,339               1,639               1,093          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                                               
Loans current
    7,871       95.1 %     7,128       95.3 %     7,002       95.3 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    178       2.2       151       2.0       196       2.7  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    102       1.2       75       1.0       66       .9  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    124       1.5       128       1.7       80       1.1  
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    8,275       100 %     7,482       100 %     7,344       100 %
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    13,773               13,901               14,573          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (356 )             (355 )             (342 )        
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans
    13,417               13,546               14,231          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (319 )             (332 )             (183 )        
                                                 
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 13,098             $ 13,214             $ 14,048          
                                                 
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            60.1 %             53.8 %             50.4 %
                                                 
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            4.9 %             4.7 %             4.7 %
                                                 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
            13.9 %             18.0 %             12.9 %
                                                 
 
 
(1) Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
(2) Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
(3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
 

21


 

                                                 
    Managed Basis
 
    Private Education Loan Delinquencies  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007  
    Balance     %     Balance     %     Balance     %  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 13,821             $ 14,523             $ 11,925          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    2,517               2,920               1,637          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                                               
Loans current
    15,591       92.3 %     13,777       92.6 %     11,875       92.5 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    504       3.0       412       2.8       439       3.4  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3),
    312       1.9       223       1.5       197       1.5  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    477       2.8       458       3.1       329       2.6  
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    16,884       100 %     14,870       100 %     12,840       100 %
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    33,222               32,313               26,402          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (864 )             (851 )             (729 )        
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans
    32,358               31,462               25,673          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (1,289 )             (1,271 )             (611 )        
                                                 
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 31,069             $ 30,191             $ 25,062          
                                                 
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            50.8 %             46.0 %             48.6 %
                                                 
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            7.7 %             7.4 %             7.5 %
                                                 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
            13.0 %             16.4 %             11.3 %
                                                 
 
 
(1) Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
(2) Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
(3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

22


 

 
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
 
The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                                                         
    Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses  
    On-balance sheet     Off-balance sheet     Managed Basis  
    Quarters ended     Quarters ended     Quarters ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2008     2007     2008     2008     2007  
 
Allowance at beginning of period
  $ 939     $ 886     $ 369     $ 332     $ 334     $ 116     $ 1,271     $ 1,220     $ 485  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    120       119       139       43       41       95       163       160       234  
Charge-offs
    (105 )     (84 )     (88 )     (60 )     (47 )     (28 )     (165 )     (131 )     (116 )
Recoveries
    8       10       8       3       2             11       12       8  
                                                                         
Net charge-offs
    (97 )     (74 )     (80 )     (57 )     (45 )     (28 )     (154 )     (119 )     (108 )
Reclassification of interest reserve(1)
    8       8             1       2             9       10        
                                                                         
Allowance at end of period
  $ 970     $ 939     $ 428     $ 319     $ 332     $ 183     $ 1,289     $ 1,271     $ 611  
                                                                         
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    4.84 %     4.21 %     6.19 %     2.98 %     2.43 %     1.53 %     3.92 %     3.29 %     3.50 %
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)
    4.20 %     3.59 %     5.63 %     2.52 %     1.99 %     1.32 %     3.36 %     2.75 %     3.08 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    4.99 %     5.10 %     3.74 %     2.31 %     2.39 %     1.29 %     3.88 %     3.93 %     2.38 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    11.27 %     12.70 %     7.79 %     3.85 %     4.44 %     2.50 %     7.63 %     8.54 %     4.76 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
    2.51       3.14       1.33       1.37       1.83       1.69       2.08       2.65       1.42  
Ending total loans, gross
  $ 19,449     $ 18,412     $ 11,829     $ 13,773     $ 13,901     $ 14,573     $ 33,222     $ 32,313     $ 26,402  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 7,992     $ 7,096     $ 5,182     $ 7,811     $ 7,466     $ 7,091     $ 15,803     $ 14,562     $ 12,273  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 8,609     $ 7,388     $ 5,496     $ 8,275     $ 7,482     $ 7,344     $ 16,884     $ 14,870     $ 12,840  
 
 
(1) Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan loss when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance. Prior to 2008, the interest provision was reversed in interest income and then provided for through provision within the allowance for loan loss. This amount was $6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, on a Managed Basis. This change in presentation results in no impact to net income.
 


23


 

                                                 
    Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses  
    On-balance sheet     Off-balance sheet     Managed Basis  
    Six months ended     Six months ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2007     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Allowance at beginning of period
  $ 886     $ 308     $ 334     $ 86     $ 1,220     $ 394  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    238       281       85       141       323       422  
Charge-offs
    (188 )     (170 )     (107 )     (50 )     (295 )     (220 )
Recoveries
    18       15       4             22       15  
                                                 
Net charge-offs
    (170 )     (155 )     (103 )     (50 )     (273 )     (205 )
Reclassification of interest reserve(1)
    16             3             19        
                                                 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans
    970       434       319       177       1,289       611  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans
          (6 )           6              
                                                 
Allowance at end of period
  $ 970     $ 428     $ 319     $ 183     $ 1,289     $ 611  
                                                 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    4.54 %     6.04 %     2.71 %     1.42 %     3.62 %     3.37 %
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)
    3.91 %     5.56 %     2.26 %     1.25 %     3.07 %     3.03 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    4.99 %     3.74 %     2.31 %     1.29 %     3.88 %     2.38 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    11.27 %     7.79 %     3.85 %     2.50 %     7.63 %     4.76 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
    2.83       1.37       1.54       1.83       2.34       1.48  
Ending total loans, gross
  $ 19,449     $ 11,829     $ 13,773     $ 14,573     $ 33,222     $ 26,402  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 7,544     $ 5,174     $ 7,638     $ 7,067     $ 15,182     $ 12,241  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 8,609     $ 5,496     $ 8,275     $ 7,344     $ 16,884     $ 12,840  
 
 
(1) Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan loss when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance. Prior to 2008, the interest provision was reversed in interest income and then provided for through provision within the allowance for loan loss. This amount was $9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007, on a Managed Basis. This change in presentation results in no impact to net income.
 
The following table provides the detail for the traditional and non-traditional Managed Private Education Loans at June 30, 2008 and March 31, 2008.
 
                                                 
    June 30, 2008     March 31, 2008  
          Non-
                Non-
       
    Traditional     Traditional     Total     Traditional     Traditional     Total  
 
Ending total loans, gross
  $ 28,349     $ 4,873     $ 33,222     $ 27,502     $ 4,811     $ 32,313  
Ending loans in repayment
    14,433       2,451       16,884       12,683       2,187       14,870  
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    471       818       1,289       469       801       1,271  
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(1)
    2.0 %     15.0 %     3.9 %     1.7 %     12.9 %     3.3 %
Allowance as a percentage of total ending loan balance
    1.7 %     16.8 %     3.9 %     1.7 %     16.7 %     3.9 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    3.3 %     33.4 %     7.6 %     3.7 %     36.6 %     8.5 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs(1)
    1.7       2.3       2.1       2.2       3.0       2.7  
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    4.9 %     24.0 %     7.7 %     4.6 %     23.3 %     7.4 %
Delinquencies greater than 90 days as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    1.6 %     9.8 %     2.8 %     1.8 %     10.7 %     3.1 %
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    12.0 %     18.5 %     13.0 %     15.5 %     21.4 %     16.4 %
 
 
(1) Annualized for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and March 31, 2008, respectively.
 
Due to the seasoning of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio, shifts in its mix, certain economic factors, and other operational factors, the Company has expected and has seen charge-off rates increase from

24


 

the historically low levels experienced prior to 2007. Although charge-off rates have increased, the overall increase for the six months ended June 30, 2008 was less than originally expected. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company recorded provision expense of $667 million related to the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio. This significant increase in provision expense compared to prior and current quarters primarily relates to the non-traditional portion of the Company’s Private Education Loan portfolio which the Company had been expanding over the past few years. The Company has recently terminated these non-traditional loan programs because the performance of these loans turned out to be materially different from its original expectations and from the rest of the Company’s Private Education Loan programs. The non-traditional portfolio is particularly impacted by the weakening U.S. economy and an underlying borrower’s ability to repay a non-traditional loan. As a result, the Company recorded the additional provision in the fourth quarter of 2007, and this is the primary reason that the allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance and as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is significantly higher at June 30, 2008 versus June 30, 2007.
 
Managed provision expense increased slightly from $160 million in the first quarter of 2008 to $163 million in the second quarter of 2008. This is a result of the performance of the portfolio remaining relatively unchanged between quarters. Managed delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment increased slightly from 7.4 percent as of March 31, 2008 to 7.7% as of June 30, 2008. However, Managed Private Education Loans delinquent greater than 90 days decreased from 3.1% at March 31, 2008 to 2.8% at June 30, 2008 and Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance decreased from 16.4 percent as of March 31, 2008 to 13.0 percent at June 30, 2008.
 
Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide borrowers with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support their obligations. As reflected in the table below, our experience has consistently shown that three years after being in forbearance status for the first time, over 75 percent of the loans are current, paid in full, or receiving an in-school grace or deferment, and approximately eight percent have charged off. Loans in forbearance are reserved commensurate with the default expectation of this specific loan status.
 
                 
Tracking by First Time in Forbearance Compared to All Loans Entering Repayment  
    Status distribution
       
    36 months after
    Status distribution
 
    ending month in
    36 months after
 
    forbearance for the
    entering repayment
 
    first time     (all loans)  
 
In-school/grace/deferment
    8.5 %     7.8 %
Current
    60.5       61.8  
Delinquent 31-60 days
    3.0       1.9  
Delinquent 61-90 days
    1.5       .9  
Delinquent greater than 90 days
    2.6       1.6  
Forbearance
    8.1       5.3  
Charged-off
    8.0       5.6  
Paid
    7.8       15.1  
                 
Total
    100 %     100 %
                 


25


 

Total Provisions for Loan Losses
 
The following tables summarize the total provisions for loan losses on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
Total on-balance sheet loan provisions
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Private Education Loans
  $ 120     $ 119     $ 139     $ 238     $ 281  
FFELP Loans
    19       16       6       35       12  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    4       2       3       7       5  
                                         
Total on-balance sheet provisions for loan losses
  $ 143     $ 137     $ 148     $ 280     $ 298  
                                         
 
Total Managed Basis loan provisions
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Private Education Loans
  $ 163     $ 160     $ 234     $ 323     $ 422  
FFELP Loans
    25       19       10       44       18  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    4       2       3       7       5  
                                         
Total Managed Basis provisions for loan losses
  $ 192     $ 181     $ 247     $ 374     $ 445  
                                         
 
Provision expense for Private Education Loans was previously discussed above (see “Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses”).
 
Upon the passage of the CCRAA on September 27, 2007, the Exceptional Performer program was repealed, which resulted in an increase in our Risk Sharing percentage. Therefore, the Company’s FFELP provision has increased over the year-ago periods.
 
Total Loan Net Charge-offs
 
The following tables summarize the total loan net charge-offs on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Private Education Loans
  $ 97     $ 74     $ 80     $ 170     $ 155  
FFELP Loans
    16       11       5       27       9  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    2       5       3       7       5  
                                         
Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
  $ 115     $ 90     $ 88     $ 204     $ 169  
                                         


26


 

Total Managed loan net charge-offs
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Private Education Loans
  $ 154     $ 119     $ 108     $ 273     $ 205  
FFELP Loans
    23       16       9       39       17  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    2       5       3       7       5  
                                         
Total Managed loan net charge-offs
  $ 179     $ 140     $ 120     $ 319     $ 227  
                                         
 
The increase in net charge-offs on FFELP Stafford and Other student loans for the quarters ended June 30, 2008 and March 31, 2008 versus June 30, 2007, was primarily the result of legislative changes occurring in 2007, which lowered the federal guaranty on claims filed to either 97 percent or 98 percent (depending on date of disbursement). See “Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses” for a discussion of net charge-offs related to our Private Education Loans.
 
Other Income — Lending Business Segment
 
The following table summarizes the components of “Core Earnings” other income for our Lending business segment for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007 and the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Late fees and forbearance fees
  $ 34     $ 37     $ 32     $ 71     $ 67  
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees
    1       1       4       2       7  
Gains on sales of student loans
          1       19       1       19  
Other
    27       5       4       32       11  
                                         
Total other income
  $ 62     $ 44     $ 59     $ 106     $ 104  
                                         
 
The Company periodically sells student loans. The timing and amount of loan sales impacts the amount of recognized gains on sales of student loans.
 
The increase in “Core Earnings” other income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the prior periods reported above was primarily due to gains recognized on the Company’s repurchase of a portion of its unsecured debt with short-term maturities during the second quarter of 2008.
 
Operating Expenses — Lending Business Segment
 
Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses. For the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007, operating expenses for the Lending


27


 

business segment, excluding $4 million in other reorganization-related asset impairments recognized in the second quarter of 2008, totaled $151 million, $164 million, and $182 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 totaled $314 million and $353 million, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses in the second quarter of 2008 versus the prior quarter was primarily due to lower origination and servicing expenses related to the impact of cost reduction initiatives, and to the suspension of certain student loan programs. In addition, the decrease in operating expenses in the second quarter of 2008 versus the year-ago quarter was due to lower consumer and mortgage loan expenses.
 
Loan Originations
 
The Company originates loans under its own brand names, which we refer to as internal brands and also through lender partners under forward contracts to purchase loans at contractual prices. In the past we referred to these combined channels as preferred channel originations. As discussed at the beginning of this “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT,” legislative changes and credit market conditions have resulted in other FFELP lenders reducing their participation in the FFELP program.
 
As a result of the impacts described above, our FFELP internal brand originations in the quarter were up sharply, increasing 44 percent to $1.9 billion. Our lender partner originations offset this increase, declining 56 percent from the year ago quarter. Some of these customers, such as JPMorgan Chase, we converted to third-party serviced contracts in which we service loans on behalf of these parties.
 
Consistent with our announcement in the first quarter that we were tightening our private credit lending standards and ceasing nontraditional lending, Private Education Loan originations declined 24 percent to $891 million in the quarter.
 
At June 30, 2008, there were $4.2 billion of originated loans ($3.5 billion of FFELP loans and $0.7 billion of Private Education Loans) in the pipeline that the Company is committed to purchase from our lender partners. As it relates to the FFELP loans, approximately $2.7 billion relates to volume originated prior to CCRAA. In addition, $0.2 billion of the $3.5 billion FFELP loans would be eligible to participate in ED’s Purchase and Participation Programs (see “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES — ED’s Loan Purchase Commitment and Loan Participation Programs”).


28


 

The following tables further break down our loan originations by type of loan and source.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Loan Originations — Internal lending brands
                                       
Stafford
  $ 1,650     $ 2,859     $ 1,096     $ 4,509     $ 3,182  
PLUS
    127       546       144       673       679  
GradPLUS
    113       194       77       307       175  
                                         
Total FFELP
    1,890       3,599       1,317       5,489       4,036  
Private Education Loans
    854       2,225       1,126       3,078       3,208  
                                         
Total
  $ 2,744     $ 5,824     $ 2,443     $ 8,567     $ 7,244  
                                         
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Loan Originations — Lending partners
                                       
Stafford
  $ 463     $ 2,108     $ 1,029     $ 2,570     $ 3,543  
PLUS
    16       272       60       288       445  
GradPLUS
    4       42       12       46       42  
                                         
Total FFELP
    483       2,422       1,101       2,904       4,030  
Private Education Loans
    37       253       49       291       330  
                                         
Total
  $ 520     $ 2,675     $ 1,150     $ 3,195     $ 4,360  
                                         


29


 

Student Loan Activity
 
The following tables summarize the activity in our on-balance sheet, off-balance sheet and Managed portfolios of FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans and highlight the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our FFELP portfolios.
                                         
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total On-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 40,168     $ 73,868     $ 114,036     $ 16,977     $ 131,013  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          11       11       55       66  
Consolidations to third parties
    (100 )     (51 )     (151 )     (9 )     (160 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (100 )     (40 )     (140 )     46       (94 )
Acquisitions
    4,003       338       4,341       1,336       5,677  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    3,903       298       4,201       1,382       5,583  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (32 )     36       4       67       71  
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (892 )     (1,031 )     (1,923 )     (455 )     (2,378 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 43,147     $ 73,171     $ 116,318     $ 17,971     $ 134,289  
                                         
 
                                         
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total Off-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 9,011     $ 16,237     $ 25,248     $ 13,214     $ 38,462  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
Consolidations to third parties
    (30 )     (9 )     (39 )     (12 )     (51 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (30 )     (9 )     (39 )     (12 )     (51 )
Acquisitions
    73       48       121       197       318  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    43       39       82       185       267  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (2 )     (2 )     (4 )     (67 )     (71 )
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (577 )     (232 )     (809 )     (234 )     (1,043 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 8,475     $ 16,042     $ 24,517     $ 13,098     $ 37,615  
                                         
 
                                         
    Managed Portfolio
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Managed Basis
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 49,179     $ 90,105     $ 139,284     $ 30,191     $ 169,475  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          11       11       55       66  
Consolidations to third parties
    (130 )     (60 )     (190 )     (21 )     (211 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (130 )     (49 )     (179 )     34       (145 )
Acquisitions
    4,076       386       4,462       1,533       5,995  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    3,946       337       4,283       1,567       5,850  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (34 )     34                    
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,469 )     (1,263 )     (2,732 )     (689 )     (3,421 )
                                         
Ending balance(3)
  $ 51,622     $ 89,213     $ 140,835     $ 31,069     $ 171,904  
                                         
Total Managed Acquisitions(4)
  $ 4,076     $ 397     $ 4,473     $ 1,588     $ 6,061  
                                         
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.
 
(2) Represents loans that we either own on-balance sheet or loans that we consolidated from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(3) As of June 30, 2008, the ending balance includes $5.5 billion of FFELP Stafford and Other Loans and $2.7 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans disbursed on or after October 1, 2007, which are impacted by CCRAA legislation.
 
(4) The Total Managed Acquisitions line includes incremental consolidations from third parties and acquisitions.


30


 

                                         
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended March 31, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total On-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 35,726     $ 73,609     $ 109,335     $ 14,818     $ 124,153  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          450       450       91       541  
Consolidations to third parties
    (241 )     (71 )     (312 )     (16 )     (328 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (241 )     379       138       75       213  
Acquisitions
    6,058       352       6,410       2,463       8,873  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    5,817       731       6,548       2,538       9,086  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (377 )     493       116       158       274  
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (998 )     (965 )     (1,963 )     (537 )     (2,500 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 40,168     $ 73,868     $ 114,036     $ 16,977     $ 131,013  
                                         
 
                                         
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended March 31, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total Off-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 9,472     $ 16,441     $ 25,913     $ 13,510     $ 39,423  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
Consolidations to third parties
    (52 )     (14 )     (66 )     (31 )     (97 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (52 )     (14 )     (66 )     (31 )     (97 )
Acquisitions
    49       49       98       157       255  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    (3 )     35       32       126       158  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (82 )     (34 )     (116 )     (158 )     (274 )
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (376 )     (205 )     (581 )     (264 )     (845 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 9,011     $ 16,237     $ 25,248     $ 13,214     $ 38,462  
                                         
 
                                         
    Managed Portfolio
 
    Three months ended March 31, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Managed Basis
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 45,198     $ 90,050     $ 135,248     $ 28,328     $ 163,576  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          450       450       91       541  
Consolidations to third parties
    (293 )     (85 )     (378 )     (47 )     (425 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (293 )     365       72       44       116  
Acquisitions
    6,107       401       6,508       2,620       9,128  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    5,814       766       6,580       2,664       9,244  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (459 )     459                    
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,374 )     (1,170 )     (2,544 )     (801 )     (3,345 )
                                         
Ending balance(3)
  $ 49,179     $ 90,105     $ 139,284     $ 30,191     $ 169,475  
                                         
Total Managed Acquisitions(4)
  $ 6,107     $ 851     $ 6,958     $ 2,711     $ 9,669  
                                         
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.
 
(2) Represents loans that we either own on-balance sheet or loans that we consolidated from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(3) As of March 31, 2008, the ending balance includes $3.5 billion of FFELP Stafford and Other Loans and $2.6 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans disbursed on or after October 1, 2007, which are impacted by CCRAA legislation.
 
(4) The Total Managed Acquisitions line includes incremental consolidations from third parties and acquisitions.


31


 

                                         
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total On-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 28,562     $ 66,170     $ 94,732     $ 9,849     $ 104,581  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          430       430       55       485  
Consolidations to third parties
    (673 )     (212 )     (885 )     (8 )     (893 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (673 )     218       (455 )     47       (408 )
Acquisitions
    4,976       1,202       6,178       1,435       7,613  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    4,303       1,420       5,723       1,482       7,205  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (1,166 )     1,755       589       120       709  
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (196 )     (1,236 )     (1,432 )     (437 )     (1,869 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 31,503     $ 68,109     $ 99,612     $ 11,014     $ 110,626  
                                         
 
                                         
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total Off-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 13,270     $ 17,758     $ 31,028     $ 14,352     $ 45,380  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
Consolidations to third parties
    (247 )     (56 )     (303 )     (17 )     (320 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (247 )     (56 )     (303 )     (17 )     (320 )
Acquisitions
    79       49       128       173       301  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    (168 )     (7 )     (175 )     156       (19 )
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (405 )     (184 )     (589 )     (120 )     (709 )
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,335 )     (400 )     (1,735 )     (340 )     (2,075 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 11,362     $ 17,167     $ 28,529     $ 14,048     $ 42,577  
                                         
 
                                         
    Managed Portfolio
 
    Three months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Managed Basis
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 41,832     $ 83,928     $ 125,760     $ 24,201     $ 149,961  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          430       430       55       485  
Consolidations to third parties
    (920 )     (268 )     (1,188 )     (25 )     (1,213 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (920 )     162       (758 )     30       (728 )
Acquisitions
    5,055       1,251       6,306       1,608       7,914  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    4,135       1,413       5,548       1,638       7,186  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (1,571 )     1,571                    
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,531 )     (1,636 )     (3,167 )     (777 )     (3,944 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 42,865     $ 85,276     $ 128,141     $ 25,062     $ 153,203  
                                         
Total Managed Acquisitions(3)
  $ 5,055     $ 1,681     $ 6,736     $ 1,663     $ 8,399  
                                         
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.
 
(2) Represents loans that we either own on-balance sheet or loans that we consolidated from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(3) The Total Managed Acquisitions line includes incremental consolidations from third parties and acquisitions.


32


 

                                         
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total On-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 35,726     $ 73,609     $ 109,335     $ 14,818     $ 124,153  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          461       461       146       607  
Consolidations to third parties
    (341 )     (122 )     (463 )     (25 )     (488 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (341 )     339       (2 )     121       119  
Acquisitions
    10,061       690       10,751       3,799       14,550  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    9,720       1,029       10,749       3,920       14,669  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (409 )     529       120       225       345  
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,890 )     (1,996 )     (3,886 )     (992 )     (4,878 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 43,147     $ 73,171     $ 116,318     $ 17,971     $ 134,289  
                                         
 
                                         
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total Off-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 9,472     $ 16,441     $ 25,913     $ 13,510     $ 39,423  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
Consolidations to third parties
    (82 )     (23 )     (105 )     (43 )     (148 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (82 )     (23 )     (105 )     (43 )     (148 )
Acquisitions
    122       97       219       354       573  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    40       74       114       311       425  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (84 )     (36 )     (120 )     (225 )     (345 )
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (953 )     (437 )     (1,390 )     (498 )     (1,888 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 8,475     $ 16,042     $ 24,517     $ 13,098     $ 37,615  
                                         
 
                                         
    Managed Portfolio
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Managed Basis
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 45,198     $ 90,050     $ 135,248     $ 28,328     $ 163,576  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          461       461       146       607  
Consolidations to third parties
    (423 )     (145 )     (568 )     (68 )     (636 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (423 )     316       (107 )     78       (29 )
Acquisitions
    10,183       787       10,970       4,153       15,123  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    9,760       1,103       10,863       4,231       15,094  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (493 )     493                    
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (2,843 )     (2,433 )     (5,276 )     (1,490 )     (6,766 )
                                         
Ending balance(3)
  $ 51,622     $ 89,213     $ 140,835     $ 31,069     $ 171,904  
                                         
Total Managed Acquisitions(4)
  $ 10,183     $ 1,248     $ 11,431     $ 4,299     $ 15,730  
                                         
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.
 
(2) Represents loans that we either own on-balance sheet or loans that we consolidated from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(3) As of June 30, 2008, the ending balance includes $5.5 billion of FFELP Stafford and Other Loans and $2.7 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans disbursed on or after October 1, 2007, which are impacted by CCRAA legislation.
 
(4) The Total Managed Acquisitions line includes incremental consolidations from third parties and acquisitions.


33


 

                                         
    On-Balance Sheet
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total On-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 24,841     $ 61,324     $ 86,165     $ 9,755     $ 95,920  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,079       1,079       108       1,187  
Consolidations to third parties
    (1,280 )     (445 )     (1,725 )     (17 )     (1,742 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (1,280 )     634       (646 )     91       (555 )
Acquisitions
    10,759       4,696       15,455       3,697       19,152  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    9,479       5,330       14,809       3,788       18,597  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (2,141 )     3,510       1,369       269       1,638  
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                      (1,871 )     (1,871 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (676 )     (2,055 )     (2,731 )     (927 )     (3,658 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 31,503     $ 68,109     $ 99,612     $ 11,014     $ 110,626  
                                         
 
                                         
    Off-Balance Sheet
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total Off-
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Balance Sheet
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 15,028     $ 18,311     $ 33,339     $ 12,833     $ 46,172  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
Consolidations to third parties
    (620 )     (127 )     (747 )     (36 )     (783 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (620 )     (127 )     (747 )     (36 )     (783 )
Acquisitions
    174       107       281       298       579  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    (446 )     (20 )     (466 )     262       (204 )
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (871 )     (498 )     (1,369 )     (269 )     (1,638 )
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                      1,871       1,871  
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (2,349 )     (626 )     (2,975 )     (649 )     (3,624 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 11,362     $ 17,167     $ 28,529     $ 14,048     $ 42,577  
                                         
 
                                         
    Managed Portfolio
 
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
    Total
 
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Managed Basis
 
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 39,869     $ 79,635     $ 119,504     $ 22,588     $ 142,092  
Net consolidations:
                                       
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,079       1,079       108       1,187  
Consolidations to third parties
    (1,900 )     (572 )     (2,472 )     (53 )     (2,525 )
                                         
Net consolidations
    (1,900 )     507       (1,393 )     55       (1,338 )
Acquisitions
    10,933       4,803       15,736       3,995       19,731  
                                         
Net acquisitions
    9,033       5,310       14,343       4,050       18,393  
                                         
Internal consolidations(2)
    (3,012 )     3,012                    
Off-balance sheet securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (3,025 )     (2,681 )     (5,706 )     (1,576 )     (7,282 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 42,865     $ 85,276     $ 128,141     $ 25,062     $ 153,203  
                                         
Total Managed Acquisitions(3)
  $ 10,933     $ 5,882     $ 16,815     $ 4,103     $ 20,918  
                                         
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.
 
(2) Represents loans that we either own on-balance sheet or loans that we consolidated from our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(3) The Total Managed Acquisitions line includes incremental consolidations from third parties and acquisitions.


34


 

Student Loan Average Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount):
 
The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.
 
                                         
    Three months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
On-balance sheet
  $ 41,666     $ 73,509     $ 115,175     $ 18,573     $ 133,748  
Off-balance sheet
    8,736       16,122       24,858       13,317       38,175  
                                         
Total Managed
  $ 50,402     $ 89,631     $ 140,033     $ 31,890     $ 171,923  
                                         
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    36 %     64 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    36 %     64 %     100 %                
% of total
    29 %     52 %     81 %     19 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Three months ended March 31, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
On-balance sheet
  $ 38,349     $ 73,800     $ 112,149     $ 17,192     $ 129,341  
Off-balance sheet
    9,260       16,339       25,599       13,564       39,163  
                                         
Total Managed
  $ 47,609     $ 90,139     $ 137,748     $ 30,756     $ 168,504  
                                         
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    34 %     66 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    35 %     65 %     100 %                
% of total
    28 %     54 %     82 %     18 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Three months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
On-balance sheet
  $ 30,794     $ 67,154     $ 97,948     $ 10,917     $ 108,865  
Off-balance sheet
    11,852       17,356       29,208       14,224       43,432  
                                         
Total Managed
  $ 42,646     $ 84,510     $ 127,156     $ 25,141     $ 152,297  
                                         
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    31 %     69 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    34 %     66 %     100 %                
% of total
    28 %     55 %     83 %     17 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
On-balance sheet
  $ 40,008     $ 73,654     $ 113,662     $ 17,882     $ 131,544  
Off-balance sheet
    8,998       16,231       25,229       13,441       38,670  
                                         
Total Managed
  $ 49,006     $ 89,885     $ 138,891     $ 31,323     $ 170,214  
                                         
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    35 %     65 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    35 %     65 %     100 %                
% of total
    29 %     53 %     82 %     18 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
    Other(1)     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
On-balance sheet
  $ 28,851     $ 65,218     $ 94,069     $ 11,134     $ 105,203  
Off-balance sheet
    12,880       17,687       30,567       13,477       44,044  
                                         
Total Managed
  $ 41,731     $ 82,905     $ 124,636     $ 24,611     $ 149,247  
                                         
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    31 %     69 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    33 %     67 %     100 %                
% of total
    28 %     56 %     84 %     16 %     100 %
 
 
(1) FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans, but also includes federally insured PLUS and HEAL loans.


35


 

 
ASSET PERFORMANCE GROUP (“APG”) BUSINESS SEGMENT
 
The following tables include “Core Earnings” results for our APG business segment.
 
                                 
    Quarter ended June 30, 2008  
    Purchased
    Purchased
             
    Paper—
    Paper —
             
    Non-
    Mortgage/
    Contingency
       
    Mortgage     Properties     & Other     Total APG  
 
Contingency fee income
  $ 3     $     $ 81     $ 84  
Collections revenue (loss)
    57       (30 )           27  
                                 
Total income (loss)
    60       (30 )     81       111  
Restructuring expenses
    1             4       5  
Operating expenses
    51       10       49       110  
                                 
Total expenses
    52       10       53       115  
Net interest expense
    4       1       2       7  
                                 
                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    4       (41 )     26       (11 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    1       (15 )     10       (4 )
                                 
Income (loss) before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    3       (26 )     16       (7 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    3                   3  
                                 
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $     $ (26 )   $ 16     $ (10 )
                                 
 
                                 
    Quarter ended March 31, 2008  
    Purchased
    Purchased
             
    Paper —
    Paper —
             
    Non-
    Mortgage/
    Contingency
       
    Mortgage     Properties     & Other     Total APG  
 
Contingency fee income
  $ 3     $     $ 82     $ 85  
Collections revenue
    51       5             56  
                                 
Total income
    54       5       82       141  
Restructuring expenses
    1                   1  
Operating expenses
    51       10       44       105  
                                 
Total expenses
    52       10       44       106  
Net interest expense
    3       1       3       7  
                                 
                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    (1 )     (6 )     35       28  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (1 )     (2 )     13       10  
                                 
Income (loss) before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          (4 )     22       18  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
                       
                                 
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $     $ (4 )   $ 22     $ 18  
                                 
 


36


 

                                 
    Quarter ended June 30, 2007  
    Purchased
    Purchased
             
    Paper—
    Paper —
             
    Non-
    Mortgage/
    Contingency
       
    Mortgage     Properties     & Other     Total APG  
 
Contingency fee income
  $ 2     $     $ 78     $ 80  
Collections revenue
    59       18             77  
                                 
Total income
    61       18       78       157  
Restructuring expenses
                       
Operating expenses
    40       6       50       96  
                                 
Total expenses
    40       6       50       96  
Net interest expense
    4       1       2       7  
                                 
                                 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    17       11       26       54  
Income tax expense
    6       4       10       20  
                                 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    11       7       16       34  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1                   1  
                                 
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 10     $ 7     $ 16     $ 33  
                                 
 
                                 
    Six months ended June 30, 2008  
    Purchased
    Purchased
             
    Paper —
    Paper —
             
    Non-
    Mortgage/
    Contingency
       
    Mortgage     Properties     & Other     Total APG  
 
Contingency fee income
  $ 6     $     $ 163     $ 169  
Collections revenue (loss)
    109       (25 )           84  
                                 
Total income (loss)
    115       (25 )     163       253  
Restructuring expenses
    1             5       6  
Operating expenses
    104       19       93       216  
                                 
Total expenses
    105       19       98       222  
Net interest expense
    7       3       4       14  
                                 
                                 
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    3       (47 )     61       17  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    1       (17 )     22       6  
                                 
Income (loss) before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    2       (30 )     39       11  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    3                   3  
                                 
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $ (1 )   $ (30 )   $ 39     $ 8  
                                 
 

37


 

                                 
    Six months ended June 30, 2007  
    Purchased
    Purchased
             
    Paper —
    Paper —
             
    Non-
    Mortgage/
    Contingency
       
    Mortgage     Properties     & Other     Total APG  
 
Contingency fee income
  $ 4     $     $ 162     $ 166  
Collections revenue
    115       28             143  
                                 
Total income
    119       28       162       309  
Restructuring expenses
                       
Operating expenses
    79       12       99       190  
                                 
Total expenses
    79       12       99       190  
Net interest expense
    7       2       4       13  
                                 
                                 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    33       14       59       106  
Income tax expense
    12       5       22       39  
                                 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    21       9       37       67  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    2                   2  
                                 
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 19     $ 9     $ 37     $ 65  
                                 
 
The decrease in collections revenue for the second quarter of 2008 versus the prior quarter and year-ago quarters was primarily due to impairments recognized during the current quarter related to purchased paper portfolios. Declines in real estate values, as well as lengthening the assumed lifetime collection period due to the weakening U.S. economy, resulted in impairments related to the mortgage purchased paper portfolios of $51 million, $20 million and $2 million in the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007, respectively. The economic environment has also resulted in lengthening the assumed lifetime collection period related to the Company’s non-mortgage, purchased paper portfolios, resulting in impairments of $7 million, $9 million, and $3 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007, respectively.
 
Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Face value of purchases for the period
  $ 1,349     $ 1,529     $ 1,064     $ 2,878     $ 2,140  
Purchase price for the period
    125       143       121       268       223  
% of face value purchased
    9.3 %     9.4 %     11.4 %     9.3 %     10.4 %
Gross cash collections (“GCC”)
  $ 172     $ 159     $ 124     $ 331     $ 239  
Collections revenue
    57       51       59       109       115  
Collections revenue as a % of GCC
    33 %     32 %     48 %     33 %     48 %
Carrying value of purchases
  $ 633     $ 623     $ 376     $ 633     $ 376  
 
The amount of face value of purchases in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the amount of receivables available for purchase in the marketplace, average age of each portfolio, the asset class of the receivables, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of face value purchased will vary from quarter to quarter. The decrease in collections revenue as a percentage of gross cash collections (“GCC”) in the quarter ended June 30, 2008 compared to the year-ago quarters is primarily due to a significant increase in new portfolio purchases in the second half of 2007. Typically, revenue recognition based on a portfolio’s effective interest rate is a lower percentage of cash collections in the early stages of servicing a portfolio.

38


 

Purchased Paper — Mortgage/Properties
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Face value of purchases for the period
  $     $ 39     $ 485     $ 39     $ 725  
Collections revenue
    (30 )     5       18       (25 )     28  
Collateral value of purchases
          29       442       29       690  
Purchase price for the period
          19       329       19       524  
Purchase price as a % of collateral fair value
    %     66 %     74 %     66 %     76 %
Carrying value of purchases
  $ 1,013     $ 1,130     $ 930     $ 1,013     $ 930  
Carrying value of purchases as a % of collateral fair value
    77 %     77 %     77 %     77 %     77 %
 
The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the underlying collateral’s fair value, but we also consider a number of factors in pricing mortgage loan portfolios to attain a targeted yield. Therefore, the purchase price as a percentage of collateral fair value can fluctuate depending on the mix of sub-performing versus non-performing mortgages in the portfolio, the projected timeline to resolution of loans in the portfolio and the level of private mortgage insurance associated with particular assets. The carrying value of purchases (the basis we carry on our balance sheet) as a percentage of collateral fair value has remained consistent throughout the last year. As the collateral fair value has declined over the past year, the carrying value on our balance sheet has declined proportionately through impairments recognized. The decline in actual purchases in the second quarter of 2008, compared to the prior and year-ago quarters, is due to the Company’s decision to be more selective, due to the current liquidity and credit environment that exists.
 
Contingency Inventory
 
The following table presents the outstanding inventory of receivables that are currently being serviced through our APG business segment.
 
                         
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007  
 
Contingency:
                       
Student loans
  $ 8,730     $ 8,498     $ 8,739  
Other
    1,692       1,752       1,590  
                         
Total
  $ 10,422     $ 10,250     $ 10,329  
                         
 
Operating Expenses — APG Business Segment
 
For the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007, operating expenses for the APG business segment, excluding $1 million in other reorganization-related asset impairments recognized in the second quarter of 2008, totaled $109 million, $105 million, and $96 million, respectively. The increase in operating expense from the prior and year-ago quarter is primarily due to higher collection costs associated with collections revenues.


39


 

 
CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT
 
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Corporate and Other business segment.
 
                                         
    Quarters ended     Six months ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for losses
  $     $ 1     $ 2     $ 1     $ (3 )
Guarantor servicing fees
    24       35       30       58       70  
Loan servicing fees
    5       6       5       11       12  
Upromise
    26       26       26       52       51  
Other
    14       19       18       34       37  
                                         
Total other income
    69       86       79       155       170  
Restructuring expenses
    11       5             15        
Operating expenses
    73       70       104       144       172  
                                         
Total expenses
    84       75       104       159       172  
                                         
Income (loss) before income taxes
    (15 )     12       (23 )     (3 )     (5 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (6 )     5       (9 )     (1 )     (2 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $ (9 )   $ 7     $ (14 )   $ (2 )   $ (3 )
                                         
 
The decrease in guarantor servicing fees versus the prior quarter was primarily due to the seasonality of loan disbursements which were higher in the first quarter of 2008 versus the second quarter of 2008. The decrease in guarantor servicing fees for the second quarter of 2008 versus the year-ago quarter was primarily due to a decrease in the account maintenance fees earned in the current quarter due to legislative changes effective October 1, 2007 as a result of CCRAA.
 
USA Funds, the nation’s largest guarantee agency, accounted for 86 percent, 88 percent and 86 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees and 12 percent, 16 percent and 17 percent, respectively, of revenues associated with other products and services for the quarters ended June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007.
 
Operating Expenses — Corporate and Other Business Segment
 
Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include direct costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties, to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantor agencies, operate our Upromise subsidiary, as well as information technology expenses related to these functions. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses for centralized headquarters functions. Operating expenses for the current quarter also include other reorganization-related asset impairments of $1 million. The $31 million decrease in operating expenses versus the year-ago quarter was primarily due to a decrease in Merger-related expenses.
 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Except in the case of business acquisitions and our APG purchased paper business, which are discussed separately, our APG contingency collections and Corporate and Other business segments are not capital-intensive businesses and as such, a minimal amount of debt and equity capital is allocated to these segments. Therefore, the following “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” discussion is concentrated on our Lending business segment.
 
Historically, the Company funded its new loan originations with a combination of unsecured debt and student loan asset-backed securities. Since the Merger announcement in April 2007, the Company has funded its loan originations primarily through the issuance of student loan asset-backed securities and secured student loan financing facilities, as further described below. On June 12, 2008 SLM Corporation sold $2.5 billion of 8.45 percent, 10-year senior unsecured notes (the “8.45% Notes”) priced to yield 8.75 percent, which was immediately swapped to LIBOR plus approximately 400 basis points. Terms of the 8.45% Notes require the


40


 

Company to redeem the notes at a price of 101 percent of par if, in connection with a change in control of the Company, the Company’s corporate credit ratings are downgraded to below investment grade or withdrawn. This unsecured note issue, the Company’s first since the Merger announcement, provided us with additional liquidity and further diversified our funding sources. We anticipate issuing unsecured corporate debt more regularly in the future.
 
We historically have been a regular issuer of term asset-backed securities (“ABS”) in the domestic and international capital markets. We securitized $25.4 billion in student loans in nine transactions in 2007, compared to $32.1 billion in thirteen transactions in 2006.
 
More recently, adverse conditions in the securitization markets have reduced our access to and increased the cost of borrowing in the market for student loan asset-backed securities. We completed three FFELP term ABS transactions totaling $7.1 billion and six term ABS transactions totaling $11.8 billion, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively. Although we expect ABS financing to remain our primary source of funding, we have seen, and continue to expect to see, our transaction volumes to be more limited and pricing less favorable than prior to the credit market dislocation that began in the summer of 2007, with significantly reduced opportunities to place subordinated tranches of ABS with investors. All-in costs of our new issue FFELP term ABS averaged LIBOR plus 1.40 percent in the second quarter of 2008. The all-in cost for our most recent issue FFELP term ABS, which closed on July 2, 2008, was LIBOR plus 0.85 percent. Our ability to securitize Private Education Loans is more limited than FFELP loans currently. The last Private Education Loan securitization we completed was in the first quarter of 2007.
 
During the first quarter of 2008, the Company closed three new asset-backed financing facilities (the “2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities”): (i) a $26.0 billion FFELP student loan ABCP conduit facility; (ii) a $5.9 billion Private Education Loan ABCP conduit facility (collectively, the “2008 ABCP Facilities”); and (iii) a $2.0 billion secured FFELP loan facility (the “2008 Asset-Backed Loan Facility”). The initial term of the new 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities is 364 days. The underlying cost of borrowing under the 2008 ABCP Facilities is LIBOR plus 0.68 percent for the FFELP loan facilities and LIBOR plus 1.55 percent for the Private Education Loan facility, excluding up-front and unused commitment fees. All-in pricing on the new 2008 ABCP Facilities will vary based on usage. The Company currently estimates that the combined, fully utilized all-in cost of borrowings related to the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities including amortized up-front fees and unused commitment fees, is likely to be approximately LIBOR plus 2.15 percent. The 2008 ABCP Facilities will provide funding for certain of the Company’s FFELP and Private Education Loans until such time as these loans are refinanced in the term ABS markets. Funding under the new 2008 ABCP Facilities is subject to usual and customary conditions. The maximum amount the Company may borrow under the 2008 ABCP Facilities is limited based on certain factors, including market conditions, and was approximately $29.7 billion as of June 30, 2008. The 2008 ABCP Facilities are subject to termination under certain circumstances, including the Company’s failure to comply with the principal financial covenants in its unsecured revolving credit facilities. Borrowings under the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities are non-recourse to the Company. The 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities will need to be refinanced in February 2009. The Company’s current intention is to be in a position that, by February 2009, we will not need to refinance the full amount that was originally borrowed under the facilities.
 
Secured borrowings, including securitizations, asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”) borrowings and indentured trusts, comprised 76 percent of our Managed debt outstanding at June 30, 2008, versus 71 percent at June 30, 2007.
 
The Company has not recently relied, and does not intend to rely, on the auction rate securities market as a source of funding. At June 30, 2008, we had $3.3 billion of taxable and $1.7 billion of tax-exempt auction rate securities outstanding on a Managed Basis. In February 2008, an imbalance of supply and demand in the auction rate securities market as a whole led to failures of the auctions pursuant to which certain of our auction rate securities’ interest rates are set. This imbalance continued through the second quarter and, as a result, all of the Company’s auction rate securities as of June 30, 2008 bear interest at the maximum rate allowable under their terms. The maximum allowable interest rate on our $3.3 billion of taxable auction rate securities is generally LIBOR plus 1.50 percent. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the maximum allowable interest rate on many of our $1.7 billion of tax-exempt auction rate securities was amended to LIBOR plus 2.00 percent


41


 

through May 31, 2008. After May 31, 2008, the maximum allowable rate on these securities reverted to a formula driven rate, which as of June 30, 2008, produced various maximum rates of up to 4.25 percent.
 
In the past, we employed reset rate note structures in conjunction with the issuance of certain tranches of our term asset-backed securities. Reset rate notes are subject to periodic remarketing, at which time the interest rates on the reset rate notes are reset. To date, we have successfully remarketed all of our reset rate notes. In the event a reset rate note cannot be remarketed on its remarketing date, the interest rate generally steps up to and remains LIBOR plus 0.75 percent, until such time as the bonds are successfully remarketed. The Company also has the option to repurchase the reset rate note prior to a failed remarketing and hold it as an investment until such time it can be remarketed. The Company’s repurchase of a reset rate note requires additional funding, the availability and pricing of which may be less favorable to the Company than it was at the time the reset rate note was originally issued. As of June 30, 2008, on a Managed Basis, the Company had $2.0 billion, $2.1 billion and $2.5 billion of reset rate notes due to be remarketed in the remainder of 2008, 2009 and 2010, and an additional $8.5 billion to be remarketed thereafter.
 
ED’s Loan Purchase Commitment and Loan Participation Programs
 
On July 1, 2008, pursuant to the “Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008” ED announced terms under which it will offer to purchase FFELP student loans and loan participations from FFELP lenders. Under ED’s Loan Purchase Commitment Program (“Purchase Program”), ED will purchase loans at a price equal to the sum of (i) par value, (ii) accrued interest, (iii) the one percent origination fee paid to ED, and (iv) a fixed amount of $75 per loan. Lenders will have until September 30, 2009, to sell loans to ED. Under ED’s Loan Participation Purchase Program (“Participation Program”), ED will provide interim short-term liquidity to FFELP lenders by purchasing participation interests in pools of FFELP loans. FFELP lenders will be charged at a rate of commercial paper plus 0.50% on the principal amount of participation interests outstanding. Loans funded under the Participation Program must be either refinanced by the lender or sold to ED pursuant to the Purchase Program prior to its expiration on September 30, 2009. To be eligible for purchase or participation under ED’s programs, loans must be FFELP Stafford or PLUS loans made for the academic year 2008-2009, first disbursed between May 1, 2008 and July 1, 2009, and have no ongoing borrower benefits, other than permitted rate reductions of 0.25 percent for automatic payment processing.
 
We expect to utilize the Participation Program to fund a significant portion of our Stafford and PLUS loan originations for the academic year 2008-2009. FFELP loans funded by the Company under the Participation Program will be either refinanced in the capital markets or sold pursuant to the Purchase Program prior to the September 30, 2009 expiration of the Participation Program. Access to ED’s Participation Program will increase our liquidity and reduce our borrowing needs under the 2008 ABCP Facilities. ED has publicly stated that the Purchase and Participation Programs are intended to be short-term liquidity solutions for FFELP lenders, and were made available to assure students’ access to FFELP loans originated for academic year 2008-2009 until such time as a longer-term solution can be developed. ED has not yet publicly proposed a long-term liquidity solution, nor indicated when it will do so. As a result, we are currently unable to predict how such a longer-term solution will impact the Company’s funding needs or financing costs in the future.
 
Primary Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity
 
During the remainder of 2008, we expect to fund our liquidity needs through our cash and investment portfolio, the liquidity facilities provided by ED, the 2008 Asset-Backed Financing Facilities, the issuance of term ABS and, to a lesser extent, if possible, unsecured debt and other sources. To supplement our funding sources, we maintain an additional $6.5 billion in unsecured revolving credit facilities, of which $1.0 billion matures in October 2008. We have not in the past relied upon, and do not expect to rely on, our $6.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities as a primary source of liquidity. Although we have never borrowed under these facilities, they are available to be drawn upon for general corporate purposes.


42


 

The following table details our primary sources of liquidity and the available capacity at June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
 
                         
    June 30, 2008
    March 31, 2008
    December 31, 2007
 
    Available Capacity     Available Capacity     Available Capacity  
 
Sources of primary liquidity:
                       
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 5,123     $ 3,822     $ 7,582  
U.S. Treasury-backed securities
    625       541       643  
Commercial paper and asset-backed commercial paper
    1,550       500       1,349  
Certificates of deposit
    250             600  
Other
    75       74       83  
                         
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments(1)(2)
    7,623       4,937       10,257  
Unused commercial paper and bank lines of credit
    6,500       6,500       6,500  
2008 ABCP Facilities(3)
    5,425       6,933        
ABCP borrowing capacity
                5,933  
Interim ABCP Facility borrowing capacity
                4,040  
                         
Total sources of primary liquidity
    19,548       18,370       26,730  
                         
Sources of stand-by liquidity:
                       
Unencumbered FFELP loans(4)
    14,070       19,178       18,731  
                         
Total sources of primary and stand-by liquidity
  $ 33,618     $ 37,548     $ 45,461  
                         
 
 
(1) Excludes $208 million, $298 million and $196 million of investments pledged as collateral related to certain derivative positions and $82 million, $84 million and $93 million of other non-liquid investments classified at June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, as cash and investments on our balance sheet in accordance with GAAP.
 
(2) Includes $2.1 billion, $2.2 billion and $1.3 billion, at June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, of cash collateral pledged by derivative counterparties and held by the Company in unrestricted cash.
 
(3) Represents the difference between the maximum amount the Company may borrow under the 2008 ABCP Facilities and the amount outstanding, or $29.7 billion less $24.3 billion outstanding as of June 30, 2008.
 
(4) Approximately $200 million qualifies to be financed by ED’s Participation Program and to be subsequently sold to ED under ED’s Purchase Program.
 
We believe our unencumbered FFELP loan portfolio provides a source of potential or stand-by liquidity because of the well-developed market for securitizations. In addition to the assets listed in the table above, we hold on-balance sheet a number of other unencumbered assets, consisting primarily of Private Education Loans, Retained Interests and other assets. At June 30, 2008, we had a total of $47.9 billion of unencumbered assets, including goodwill and acquired intangibles.


43


 

Managed Borrowings
 
The following tables present the ending balances of our Managed borrowings at June 30, 2008, March 31, 2008, and June 30, 2007.
 
                                                                         
    June 30, 2008     March 31, 2008     June 30, 2007  
                Total
                Total
                Total
 
    Short
    Long
    Managed
    Short
    Long
    Managed
    Short
    Long
    Managed
 
    Term     Term     Basis     Term     Term     Basis     Term     Term     Basis  
 
Unsecured borrowings
  $ 8,174     $ 34,167     $ 42,341     $ 10,737     $ 33,187     $ 43,924     $ 7,823     $ 40,235     $ 48,058  
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)
    73       2,310       2,383       109       2,340       2,449       50       2,714       2,764  
ABCP borrowings (on-balance sheet)(1)
    26,273             26,273       24,717             24,717       1,516       5,779       7,295  
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)
          76,309       76,309             71,025       71,025             64,326       64,326  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)
          39,741       39,741             40,912       40,912             45,975       45,975  
Other
    2,668             2,668       2,521             2,521       382             382  
                                                                         
Total
  $ 37,188     $ 152,527     $ 189,715     $ 38,084     $ 147,464     $ 185,548     $ 9,771     $ 159,029     $ 168,800  
                                                                         
 
 
(1) Includes the 2008 Asset-Backed Loan Facility.
 
The following table presents the senior unsecured credit ratings assigned by major rating agencies as of June 30, 2008.
 
                         
    Moody’s     S&P     Fitch  
 
Short-term unsecured debt
    P-2 (1)     A-3       F3  
Long-term senior unsecured debt
    Baa2 (1)     BBB−       BBB  
 
 
(1) Negative outlook


44


 

Retained Interest in Securitized Receivables
 
The following tables summarize the fair value of the Company’s Residual Interests, included in the Company’s Retained Interest (and the assumptions used to value such Residual Interests), along with the underlying off-balance sheet student loans that relate to those securitizations in transactions that were treated as sales as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
 
                                 
    As of June 30, 2008  
    FFELP
    Consolidation
    Private
       
    Stafford and
    Loan
    Education
       
(Dollars in millions)
  PLUS     Trusts(1)     Loan Trusts     Total  
 
Fair value of Residual Interests(2)
  $ 410     $ 619     $ 1,516     $ 2,545  
Underlying securitized loan balance(3)
    8,383       15,586       13,773       37,742  
Weighted average life
    2.8 yrs.       7.3 yrs.       6.6 yrs.          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
                               
Interim status
    0 %     N/A       0 %        
Repayment status
    0-30 %     3-8 %     1-30 %        
Life of loan — repayment status
    17 %     6 %     9 %        
Expected remaining credit losses (% of outstanding student loan principal)
    .10 %     .20 %     5.36 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    12.0 %     10.0 %     16.4 %        
 
                                 
    As of December 31, 2007  
    FFELP
    Consolidation
    Private
       
    Stafford and
    Loan
    Education
       
(Dollars in millions)
  PLUS     Trusts(1)     Loan Trusts     Total  
 
Fair value of Residual Interests(2)
  $ 390     $ 730     $ 1,924     $ 3,044  
Underlying securitized loan balance(3)
    9,338       15,968       14,199       39,505  
Weighted average life
    2.7 yrs       7.4 yrs.       7.0 yrs.          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
                               
Interim status
    0 %     N/A       0 %        
Repayment status
    0-37 %     3-8 %     1-30 %        
Life of loan — repayment status
    21 %     6 %     9 %        
Expected remaining credit losses (% of outstanding student loan principal)
    .11 %     .21 %     5.28 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    12.0 %     9.8 %     12.9 %        
 
 
(1) Includes $295 million and $283 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Changes in the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income are primarily due to changes in the interest rates and the paydown of the underlying loans.
 
(2) At December 31, 2007, the Company had unrealized gains (pre-tax) in accumulated other comprehensive income of $301 million that related to the Retained Interests. There were no such gains at June 30, 2008.
 
(3) In addition to student loans in off-balance sheet trusts, the Company had $75.2 billion and $65.5 billion of securitized student loans outstanding (face amount) as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, in on-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(4) The Company uses CPR curves for Residual Interest valuations that are based on seasoning (the number of months since entering repayment). Under this methodology, a different CPR is applied to each year of a loan’s seasoning. Repayment status CPR used is based on the number of months since first entering repayment (seasoning). Life of loan CPR is related to repayment status only and does not include the impact of the loan while in interim status. The CPR assumption used for all periods includes the impact of projected defaults.
 
As previously discussed, the Company adopted SFAS No. 159 on January 1, 2008, and has elected the fair value option on all of the Residual Interests effective January 1, 2008. The Company chose this election in order to record all Residual Interests under one accounting model. Prior to this election, Residual Interests were accounted for either under SFAS No. 115 with changes in fair value recorded through other comprehensive income, except if impaired in which case changes in fair value were recorded through income, or under SFAS No. 155 with all changes in fair value recorded through income. Changes in the fair value of Residual Interests from January 1, 2008 forward are recorded through the income statement.


45


 

The Company recorded a net unrealized mark-to-market loss related to the Residual Interests of $192 million and $88 million during the second and first quarters of 2008, respectively. The second quarter mark-to-market loss was primarily related to the increase in the discount rate assumption related to the Private Education Loan Residual Interest. The Company assessed the appropriateness of the current risk premium, which is added to the risk free rate, for the purpose of arriving at a discount rate in light of the current economic and credit uncertainty that exists in the market as of June 30, 2008. This discount rate is applied to the projected cash flows to arrive at a fair value representative of the current economic conditions. The Company increased the risk premium by 175 basis points (from March 31, 2008) to better take into account the current level of cash flow uncertainty and lack of liquidity that exists with the Private Education Loan Residual Interests.
 
The second quarter mark-to-market loss was primarily related to increases in interest rates during the quarter reducing the value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income within the FFELP Residual Interests ($137 million decrease) and increasing the discount rate used to value the Private Education Residual Interests ($57 million decrease). Additionally, the Company increased the spread to Libor component of the Private Education discount rate formula to better reflect current market conditions which resulted in a $113 million Residual Interest mark-to-market loss. Actual quarterly experience, including improved forward curve spreads used in the valuation of some of the Residual Interests, partially mitigated these mark-to-market losses.
 
The first quarter mark-to-market loss was primarily related to increases in both the cost of funds assumptions related to the underlying auction rate securities bonds ($2.3 billion face amount of bonds) within the FFELP ($1.7 billion face amount of bonds) and Private Education Loan ($0.6 billion face amount of bonds) trusts, as well as an increase in the discount rate related to the Private Education Loan Residual Interest. These unrealized losses in the first quarter of 2008 were partially offset by an unrealized mark-to-market gain related to the Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income within the FFELP Residual Interests due to the significant decrease in interest rates during the quarter.
 
The Company recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $35 million for the year-ago quarter. The impairment charges were the result of FFELP loans prepaying faster than projected through loan consolidations. In addition, the Company recorded an unrealized mark-to-market loss under SFAS No. 155 of $22 million in the year-ago quarter.
 
LEGISLATIVE/LEGAL PROCEEDINGS UPDATES
 
Legislative and Regulatory Developments
 
On July 1, 2008, pursuant to the “Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008,” ED announced terms under which it will offer to purchase FFELP student loans and loan participations from FFELP lenders (see “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES — ED’s Loan Purchase Commitment and Loan Participation Programs”). Additional details of the programs are available in the Federal Register dated July 1, 2008.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
Significant Updates to Previously Reported Legal Proceedings
 
On June 16, 2008, the court granted summary judgment on all counts against all Defendants in Chae, et. al v. SLM Corporation, et. al, (U.S. District Court for the Central District of California), which challenged the Company’s billing practices as they relate to use of the simple daily interest method for calculating interest, charging of late fees while charging simple daily interest, and setting the first payment date at 60 days for consolidation and PLUS loans. On June 16, 2008, the court also denied as moot, plaintiffs’ motion for class certification, United States of America’s motion for summary judgment, and plaintiffs’ partial motion for summary judgment, and the court canceled the jury trial previously scheduled for July 22, 2008. The court entered judgment in the case on June 25, 2008. On July 16, 2008, Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.


46


 

On June 24, 2008, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed Boston v. SLM Corporation et. al,(U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York), a putative class action complaint for alleged violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act regarding 401(k) plan interest in the Company’s common stock. A similar case, Slaymon v. SLM Corporation et. al, (U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York) remains outstanding.


47