e10vq
 

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
     
(Mark One)    
þ
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006 or
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the transition period from           to           .
Commission File Number: 001-13251
 
SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   52-2013874
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia   20190
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
(703) 810-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ          Accelerated filer o          Non-accelerated filer o
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes o          No þ
      Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
     
Class   Outstanding at July 31, 2006
     
Voting common stock, $.20 par value   410,037,287 shares
 
 


 

GLOSSARY
      Listed below are definitions of key terms that are used throughout this document.
      Borrower Benefits — Borrower Benefits are financial incentives offered to borrowers who qualify based on pre-determined qualifying factors, which are generally tied directly to making on-time monthly payments. The impact of Borrower Benefits is dependent on the estimate of the number of borrowers who will eventually qualify for these benefits and the amount of the financial benefit offered to the borrower. We occasionally change Borrower Benefits programs in both amount and qualification factors. These programmatic changes must be reflected in the estimate of the Borrower Benefits discount.
      Consolidation Loans — Under both the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program (“FDLP”), borrowers with eligible student loans may consolidate them into one note with one lender and convert the variable interest rates on the loans being consolidated into a fixed rate for the life of the loan. The new note is considered a Consolidation Loan. Typically a borrower can consolidate his student loans only once unless the borrower has another eligible loan to consolidate with the existing Consolidation Loan. The borrower rate on a Consolidation Loan is fixed for the term of the loan and is set by the weighted average interest rate of the loans being consolidated, rounded up to the nearest 1/8th of a percent, not to exceed 8.25 percent. In low interest rate environments, Consolidation Loans provide an attractive refinancing opportunity to certain borrowers because they allow borrowers to consolidate variable rate loans into a long-term fixed rate loan. Holders of Consolidation Loans are eligible to earn interest under the Special Allowance Payment (“SAP”) formula (see definition below).
      Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee — All holders of Consolidation Loans are required to pay to the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”) an annual 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee on all outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of Consolidation Loans purchased or originated after October 1, 1993, except for loans for which consolidation applications were received between October 1, 1998 and January 31, 1999, where the Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee is 62 basis points.
      Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) — A variable in life of loan estimates that measures the rate at which loans in the portfolio pay before their stated maturity. The CPR is directly correlated to the average life of the portfolio. CPR equals the percentage of loans that prepay annually as a percentage of the beginning of period balance.
      “Core Earnings” — In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In addition to evaluating the Company’s GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company’s business segments on a basis that, as allowed under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” differs from GAAP. We refer to management’s basis of evaluating our segment results as “Core Earnings” presentations for each business segment and we refer to these performance measures in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While “Core Earnings” results are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on “Core Earnings” performance measures in operating each business segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
      Our “Core Earnings” performance measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a “Core Earnings” basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our “Core Earnings” performance measures are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company’s core business activities. Our “Core Earnings”

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performance measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income. Accordingly, the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting.
      See “NOTE 11 TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Segment Reporting” and “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS — BUSINESS SEGMENTS — Limitations of ‘Core Earnings’ ” for further discussion of the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP, as well as reconciliations between “Core Earnings” and GAAP.
      In prior filings with the SEC of SLM Corporation’s annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly report on Form 10-Q, “Core Earnings” has been labeled as “ ‘Core’ net income” or “Managed net income” in certain instances.
      Direct Loans — Student loans originated directly by ED under the FDLP.
      ED — The U.S. Department of Education.
      Embedded Fixed Rate/ Variable Rate Floor Income — Embedded Floor Income is Floor Income (see definition below) that is earned on off-balance sheet student loans that are in securitization trusts sponsored by us. At the time of the securitization, the value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income is included in the initial valuation of the Residual Interest (see definition below) and the gain or loss on sale of the student loans. Embedded Floor Income is also included in the quarterly fair value adjustments of the Residual Interest.
      Exceptional Performer (“EP”) Designation — The EP designation is determined by ED in recognition of a servicer meeting certain performance standards set by ED in servicing FFELP loans. Upon receiving the EP designation, the EP servicer receives 100 percent reimbursement on default claims (99 percent reimbursement on default claims filed after July 1, 2006) on federally guaranteed student loans for all loans serviced for a period of at least 270 days before the date of default and will no longer be subject to the two percent Risk Sharing (see definition below) on these loans. The EP servicer is entitled to receive this benefit as long as it remains in compliance with the required servicing standards, which are assessed on an annual and quarterly basis through compliance audits and other criteria. The annual assessment is in part based upon subjective factors which alone may form the basis for an ED determination to withdraw the designation. If the designation is withdrawn, the two percent Risk Sharing may be applied retroactively to the date of the occurrence that resulted in noncompliance.
      FDLP — The William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program.
      FFELP — The Federal Family Education Loan Program, formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program.
      FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans — Education loans to students or parents of students that are guaranteed or reinsured under the FFELP. The loans are primarily Stafford loans but also include PLUS and HEAL loans.
      Fixed Rate Floor Income — We refer to Floor Income (see definition below) associated with student loans whose borrower rate is fixed to term (primarily Consolidation Loans and Stafford Loans originated on or after July 1, 2006) as Fixed Rate Floor Income.
      Floor Income — FFELP student loans originated prior to July 1, 2006 earn interest at the higher of a floating rate based on the Special Allowance Payment or SAP formula (see definition below) set by ED and the borrower rate, which is fixed over a period of time. We generally finance our student loan portfolio with floating rate debt over all interest rate levels. In low and/or declining interest rate environments, when the fixed borrower rate is higher than the rate produced by the SAP formula, our student loans earn at a fixed rate while the interest on our floating rate debt continues to decline. In these interest rate environments, we earn additional spread income that we refer to as Floor Income. Depending on the type of the student loan and when it was originated, the borrower rate is either fixed to term or is reset to a

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market rate each July 1. As a result, for loans where the borrower rate is fixed to term, we may earn Floor Income for an extended period of time, and for those loans where the borrower interest rate is reset annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income to the next reset date.
      The following example shows the mechanics of Floor Income for a typical fixed rate Consolidation Loan originated between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2006 (with a commercial paper-based SAP spread of 2.64 percent):
         
Fixed Borrower Rate:
    5.375 %
SAP Spread over Commercial Paper Rate:
    (2.640 )%
       
Floor Strike Rate(1)
    2.735 %
       
 
(1)  The interest rate at which the underlying index (Treasury bill or commercial paper) plus the fixed SAP spread equals the fixed borrower rate. Floor Income is earned anytime the interest rate of the underlying index declines below this rate.
Based on this example, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is over 2.735 percent, the holder of the student loan will earn at a floating rate based on the SAP formula, which in this example is a fixed spread to commercial paper of 2.64 percent. On the other hand, if the quarterly average commercial paper rate is below 2.735 percent, the SAP formula will produce a rate below the fixed borrower rate of 5.375 percent and the loan holder earns at the borrower rate of 5.375 percent. The difference between the fixed borrower rate and the lender’s expected yield based on the SAP formula is referred to as Floor Income. Our student loan assets are generally funded with floating rate debt, so when student loans are earning at the fixed borrower rate, decreases in interest rates may increase Floor Income.
Graphic Depiction of Floor Income:
(GRAPH)
      Floor Income Contracts — We enter into contracts with counterparties under which, in exchange for an upfront fee representing the present value of the Floor Income that we expect to earn on a notional amount of underlying student loans being economically hedged, we will pay the counterparties the Floor Income earned on that notional amount over the life of the Floor Income Contract. Specifically, we agree to pay the counterparty the difference, if positive, between the fixed borrower rate less the SAP (see definition below) spread and the average of the applicable interest rate index on that notional amount, regardless of the actual balance of underlying student loans, over the life of the contract. The contracts generally do not extend over the life of the underlying student loans. This contract effectively locks in the

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amount of Floor Income we will earn over the period of the contract. Floor Income Contracts are not considered effective hedges under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and each quarter we must record the change in fair value of these contracts through income.
      GSE — The Student Loan Marketing Association was a federally chartered government-sponsored enterprise and wholly owned subsidiary of SLM Corporation that was dissolved under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definition below) on December 29, 2004.
      HEA — The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended.
      Managed Basis — We generally analyze the performance of our student loan portfolio on a Managed Basis, under which we view both on-balance sheet student loans and off-balance sheet student loans owned by the securitization trusts as a single portfolio, and the related on-balance sheet financings are combined with off-balance sheet debt. When the term Managed is capitalized in this document, it is referring to Managed Basis.
      Preferred Channel Originations — Preferred Channel Originations are comprised of: 1) student loans that are originated by lenders with forward purchase commitment agreements with Sallie Mae and are committed for sale to Sallie Mae, such that we either own them from inception or acquire them soon after origination, and 2) loans that are originated by internally marketed Sallie Mae brands.
      Preferred Lender List — To streamline the student loan process, most higher education institutions select a small number of lenders to recommend to their students and parents. This recommended list is referred to as the Preferred Lender List.
      Private Education Loans — Education loans to students or parents of students that are not guaranteed or reinsured under the FFELP or any other federal student loan program. Private Education Loans include loans for traditional higher education, undergraduate and graduate degrees, and for alternative education, such as career training, private kindergarten through secondary education schools and tutorial schools. Traditional higher education loans have repayment terms similar to FFELP loans, whereby repayments begin after the borrower leaves school. Repayment for alternative education or career training loans generally begins immediately.
      Privatization Act — The Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996.
      Reconciliation Legislation — The Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005, which reauthorized the student loan programs of the HEA and generally becomes effective as of July 1, 2006. See “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — RECENT DEVELOPMENTS — Reauthorization.”
      Residual Interest — When we securitize student loans, we retain the right to receive cash flows from the student loans sold to trusts we sponsor in excess of amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student loans. The Residual Interest, which may also include reserve and other cash accounts, is the present value of these future expected cash flows, which includes the present value of Embedded Fixed Rate Floor Income described above. We value the Residual Interest at the time of sale of the student loans to the trust and at the end of each subsequent quarter.
      Retained Interest — The Retained Interest includes the Residual Interest (defined above) and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities).
      Risk Sharing — When a FFELP loan defaults, the federal government guarantees 98 percent of the principal balance (97 percent on loans disbursed after July 1, 2006) plus accrued interest and the holder of the loan generally must absorb the two percent (three percent after July 1, 2006) not guaranteed as a Risk Sharing loss on the loan. FFELP student loans acquired after October 1, 1993 are subject to Risk Sharing on loan default claim payments unless the default results from the borrower’s death, disability or bankruptcy. FFELP loans serviced by a servicer that has EP designation (see definition above) from ED

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are not subject to Risk Sharing for claims filed through July 1, 2006, and are subject to one-percent Risk Sharing for claims filed after July 1, 2006.
      Special Allowance Payment (“SAP”) — FFELP student loans originated prior to July 1, 2006 generally earn interest at the greater of the borrower rate or a floating rate determined by reference to the average of the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill rate or commercial paper) in a calendar quarter, plus a fixed spread that is dependent upon when the loan was originated and the loan’s repayment status. If the resulting floating rate exceeds the borrower rate, ED pays the difference directly to us. This payment is referred to as the Special Allowance Payment or SAP and the formula used to determine the floating rate is the SAP formula. We refer to the fixed spread to the underlying index as the SAP spread. SAP are available on variable rate PLUS Loans and SLS Loans only if the variable rate, which is reset annually, exceeds the applicable maximum borrower rate. Effective for SAP made after April 1, 2006, this limitation on SAP for PLUS loans made on and after January 1, 2000 is repealed.
      Title IV Programs and Title IV Loans — Student loan programs created under Title IV of the HEA, including the FFELP and the FDLP, and student loans originated under those programs, respectively.
      Variable Rate Floor Income — For FFELP Stafford student loans originated prior to July 1, 2006 whose borrower interest rate resets annually on July 1, we may earn Floor Income or Embedded Floor Income (see definitions above) based on a calculation of the difference between the borrower rate and the then current interest rate. We refer to this as Variable Rate Floor Income because Floor Income is earned only through the next reset date.
      Wind-Down — The dissolution of the GSE under the terms of the Privatization Act (see definitions above).

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SLM CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
June 30, 2006
         
 Part I. Financial Information
   Financial Statements   7
   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   43
   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   105
   Controls and Procedures   107
 
 Part II. Other Information
   Legal Proceedings   108
   Risk Factors   108
   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds   108
   Defaults Upon Senior Securities   109
   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   109
   Other Information   110
   Exhibits   110
 Signatures   111
 Certification
 Certification
 Certification
 Certification

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
                   
    June 30,   December 31,
    2006   2005
         
    (Unaudited)    
Assets
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans (net of allowance for losses of $6,890 and $6,311, respectively)
  $ 21,390,845     $ 19,988,116  
Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $10,090 and $8,639, respectively)
    54,054,932       54,858,676  
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $251,582 and $204,112, respectively)
    6,832,843       7,756,770  
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $15,190 and $16,180, respectively)
    1,050,632       1,137,987  
Investments
               
 
Available-for-sale
    2,674,799       2,095,191  
 
Other
    142,047       273,808  
             
Total investments
    2,816,846       2,368,999  
Cash and cash equivalents
    3,387,616       2,498,655  
Restricted cash and investments
    3,489,542       3,300,102  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans
    3,151,855       2,406,222  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
    1,080,703       1,105,104  
Other assets
    4,650,851       3,918,053  
             
Total assets
  $ 101,906,665     $ 99,338,684  
             
 
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings
  $ 3,801,266     $ 3,809,655  
Long-term borrowings
    90,506,785       88,119,090  
Other liabilities
    3,229,477       3,609,332  
             
Total liabilities
    97,537,528       95,538,077  
             
Commitments and contingencies
               
Minority interest in subsidiaries
    9,369       9,182  
Stockholders’ equity
               
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300 and 3,300 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000 and 4,000 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $100 per share
    565,000       565,000  
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized; 430,753 and 426,484 shares issued, respectively
    86,151       85,297  
Additional paid-in capital
    2,440,565       2,233,647  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax of $196,601 and $197,834, respectively)
    370,204       367,910  
Retained earnings
    1,775,948       1,111,743  
             
Stockholders’ equity before treasury stock
    5,237,868       4,363,597  
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 19,078 and 13,347 shares, respectively
    878,100       572,172  
             
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,359,768       3,791,425  
             
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 101,906,665     $ 99,338,684  
             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
                                   
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
    (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Interest income:
                               
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 337,090     $ 238,510     $ 635,590     $ 429,243  
 
Consolidation Loans
    841,591       554,429       1,662,926       1,062,850  
 
Private Education Loans
    233,696       126,809       475,049       256,425  
 
Other loans
    23,541       20,046       46,848       40,199  
 
Cash and investments
    124,954       54,245       220,764       116,294  
                         
Total interest income
    1,560,872       994,039       3,041,177       1,905,011  
Interest expense:
                               
 
Short-term debt
    55,523       48,012       104,758       78,218  
 
Long-term debt
    1,148,544       616,239       2,192,093       1,150,245  
                         
Total interest expense
    1,204,067       664,251       2,296,851       1,228,463  
                         
Net interest income
    356,805       329,788       744,326       676,548  
Less: provisions for losses
    67,396       78,948       127,715       125,471  
                         
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    289,409       250,840       616,611       551,077  
                         
Other income:
                               
 
Gains on student loan securitizations
    671,262       262,001       701,285       311,895  
 
Servicing and securitization revenue
    82,842       149,931       181,773       292,892  
 
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    122,719       (105,940 )     35,980       (140,191 )
 
Guarantor servicing fees
    33,256       25,686       60,163       58,226  
 
Debt management fees
    90,161       82,589       181,773       168,341  
 
Collections revenue
    67,357       41,881       124,038       76,764  
 
Other
    66,557       55,748       134,985       118,067  
                         
Total other income
    1,134,154       511,896       1,419,997       885,994  
Operating expenses:
                               
 
Salaries and benefits
    168,727       151,336       344,067       298,268  
 
Other
    147,875       136,077       295,844       251,436  
                         
Total operating expenses
    316,602       287,413       639,911       549,704  
                         
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1,106,961       475,323       1,396,697       887,367  
Income taxes
    381,828       176,573       518,873       363,039  
                         
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    725,133       298,750       877,824       524,328  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1,355       2,235       2,445       4,429  
                         
Net income
    723,778       296,515       875,379       519,899  
Preferred stock dividends
    8,787       3,908       17,088       6,783  
                         
Net income attributable to common stock
  $ 714,991     $ 292,607     $ 858,291     $ 513,116  
                         
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 1.74     $ .70     $ 2.08     $ 1.22  
                         
Average common shares outstanding
    410,957       419,497       411,811       420,206  
                         
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 1.52     $ .66     $ 1.96     $ 1.15  
                         
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
    454,314       461,900       453,803       462,454  
                         
Dividends per common share
  $ .25     $ .22     $ .47     $ .41  
                         
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
                                                                                             
                                Accumulated            
                        Other            
    Preferred   Common Stock Shares           Additional   Comprehensive           Total
    Stock       Preferred   Common   Paid-In   Income   Retained   Treasury   Stockholders’
    Shares   Issued   Treasury   Outstanding   Stock   Stock   Capital   (Loss)   Earnings   Stock   Equity
                                             
Balance at March 31, 2005
    3,300,000       484,917,447       (62,936,107 )     421,981,340     $ 165,000     $ 96,984     $ 1,969,881     $ 374,574     $ 2,662,316     $ (2,203,773 )   $ 3,064,982  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                                       
 
Net income
                                                                    296,515               296,515  
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                                       
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax
                                                            87,529                       87,529  
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax
                                                            11,018                       11,018  
                                                                   
Comprehensive income
                                                                                    395,062  
Cash dividends:
                                                                                       
 
Common stock ($.22 per share)
                                                                    (92,193 )             (92,193 )
 
Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)
                                                                    (2,875 )             (2,875 )
 
Preferred stock, series B ($.25 per share)
                                                                    (995 )             (995 )
Issuance of common shares
            1,788,696       8,711       1,797,407               357       57,781                       440       58,578  
Issuance of preferred shares
    4,000,000                               400,000                                               400,000  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization
                                                    (2,962 )             (38 )             (3,000 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans
                                                    10,976                               10,976  
Repurchase of common shares:
                                                                                       
 
Equity forwards:
                                                                                       
   
Exercise cost, cash
                    (3,347,272 )     (3,347,272 )                                             (162,500 )     (162,500 )
   
(Gain) loss on settlement
                                                                            (3,807 )     (3,807 )
 
Benefit plans
                    (257,237 )     (257,237 )                                             (12,490 )     (12,490 )
                                                                   
Balance at June 30, 2005
    7,300,000       486,706,143       (66,531,905 )     420,174,238     $ 565,000     $ 97,341     $ 2,035,676     $ 473,121     $ 2,862,730     $ (2,382,130 )   $ 3,651,738  
                                                                   
Balance at March 31, 2006
    7,300,000       429,329,362       (16,599,155 )     412,730,207     $ 565,000     $ 85,866     $ 2,364,252     $ 328,496     $ 1,163,570     $ (752,256 )   $ 3,754,928  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                                       
 
Net income
                                                                    723,778               723,778  
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                                       
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax
                                                            38,138                       38,138  
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax
                                                            3,570                       3,570  
                                                                   
Comprehensive income
                                                                                    765,486  
Cash dividends:
                                                                                       
 
Common stock ($.25 per share)
                                                                    (102,613 )             (102,613 )
 
Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)
                                                                    (2,875 )             (2,875 )
 
Preferred stock, series B ($1.44 per share)
                                                                    (5,750 )             (5,750 )
Issuance of common shares
            1,424,153       7,747       1,431,900               285       65,253                       407       65,945  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization
                                                    162               (162 )              
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans
                                                    10,898                               10,898  
Repurchase of common shares:
                                                                                       
 
Equity forwards:
                                                                                       
   
Exercise cost, cash
                    (2,086,571 )     (2,086,571 )                                             (114,219 )     (114,219 )
   
(Gain) loss on settlement
                                                                            7,887       7,887  
 
Benefit plans
                    (400,509 )     (400,509 )                                             (19,919 )     (19,919 )
                                                                   
Balance at June 30, 2006
    7,300,000       430,753,515       (19,078,488 )     411,675,027     $ 565,000     $ 86,151     $ 2,440,565     $ 370,204     $ 1,775,948     $ (878,100 )   $ 4,359,768  
                                                                   
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

9


 

SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
                                                                                             
                                Accumulated            
                        Other            
    Preferred   Common Stock Shares           Additional   Comprehensive           Total
    Stock       Preferred   Common   Paid-In   Income   Retained   Treasury   Stockholders’
    Shares   Issued   Treasury   Outstanding   Stock   Stock   Capital   (Loss)   Earnings   Stock   Equity
                                             
Balance at December 31, 2004
    3,300,000       483,266,408       (59,634,019 )     423,632,389     $ 165,000     $ 96,654     $ 1,905,460     $ 440,672     $ 2,521,740     $ (2,027,222 )   $ 3,102,304  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                                       
 
Net income
                                                                    519,899               519,899  
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                                       
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax
                                                            30,744                       30,744  
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax
                                                            1,705                       1,705  
                                                                   
Comprehensive income
                                                                                    552,348  
Cash dividends:
                                                                                       
 
Common stock ($.41 per share)
                                                                    (172,126 )             (172,126 )
 
Preferred stock, series A ($1.74 per share)
                                                                    (5,750 )             (5,750 )
 
Preferred stock, series B ($.25 per share)
                                                                    (995 )             (995 )
Issuance of common shares
            3,439,735       64,997       3,504,732               687       110,860                       3,275       114,822  
Issuance of preferred shares
    4,000,000                               400,000                                               400,000  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization
                                                    (2,962 )             (38 )             (3,000 )
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans
                                                    22,318                               22,318  
Repurchase of common shares:
                                                                                       
 
Equity forwards:
                                                                                       
   
Exercise cost, cash
                    (6,469,653 )     (6,469,653 )                                             (320,086 )     (320,086 )
   
(Gain) loss on settlement
                                                                            (13,830 )     (13,830 )
 
Benefit plans
                    (493,230 )     (493,230 )                                             (24,267 )     (24,267 )
                                                                   
Balance at June 30, 2005
    7,300,000       486,706,143       (66,531,905 )     420,174,238     $ 565,000     $ 97,341     $ 2,035,676     $ 473,121     $ 2,862,730     $ (2,382,130 )   $ 3,651,738  
                                                                   
Balance at December 31, 2005
    7,300,000       426,483,527       (13,346,717 )     413,136,810     $ 565,000     $ 85,297     $ 2,233,647     $ 367,910     $ 1,111,743     $ (572,172 )   $ 3,791,425  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                                       
 
Net income
                                                                    875,379               875,379  
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                                       
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax
                                                            (6,812 )                     (6,812 )
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax
                                                            9,101                       9,101  
   
Minimum pension liability adjustment
                                                            5                       5  
                                                                   
Comprehensive income
                                                                                    877,673  
Cash dividends:
                                                                                       
 
Common stock ($.47 per share)
                                                                    (194,086 )             (194,086 )
 
Preferred stock, series A ($1.74 per share)
                                                                    (5,750 )             (5,750 )
 
Preferred stock, series B ($2.74 per share)
                                                                    (11,017 )             (11,017 )
Issuance of common shares
            4,269,988       53,749       4,323,737               854       168,638                       2,975       172,467  
Preferred stock issuance costs and related amortization
                                                    321               (321 )              
Tax benefit related to employee stock option and purchase plans
                                                    37,959                               37,959  
Repurchase of common shares:
                                                                                       
 
Equity forwards:
                                                                                       
   
Exercise cost, cash
                    (4,534,403 )     (4,534,403 )                                             (248,213 )     (248,213 )
   
(Gain) loss on settlement
                                                                            7,081       7,081  
 
Benefit plans
                    (1,251,117 )     (1,251,117 )                                             (67,771 )     (67,771 )
                                                                   
Balance at June 30, 2006
    7,300,000       430,753,515       (19,078,488 )     411,675,027     $ 565,000     $ 86,151     $ 2,440,565     $ 370,204     $ 1,775,948     $ (878,100 )   $ 4,359,768  
                                                                   
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

10


 

SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
                     
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Operating activities
               
Net income
  $ 875,379     $ 519,899  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
               
 
Gains on student loan securitizations
    (701,285 )     (311,895 )
 
Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities, excluding equity forwards
    (208,045 )     (174,737 )
 
Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities — equity forwards
    82,693       98,235  
 
Provisions for losses
    127,715       125,471  
 
Minority interest, net
    (3,408 )     (4,763 )
 
Mortgage loans originated
    (718,223 )     (798,044 )
 
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans
    719,490       730,936  
 
(Increase) in restricted cash
    (441,551 )     (319,396 )
 
(Increase) in accrued interest receivable
    (473,161 )     (321,428 )
 
Increase in accrued interest payable
    102,612       5,936  
 
Adjustment for non-cash (income)/loss related to Retained Interest
    144,020       24,769  
 
(Increase) decrease in other assets, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
    (224,208 )     313,547  
 
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities
    (264,168 )     716,397  
             
 
Total adjustments
    (1,857,519 )     85,028  
             
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
    (982,140 )     604,927  
             
Investing activities
               
 
Student loans acquired
    (15,981,396 )     (14,976,607 )
 
Loans purchased from securitized trusts (primarily loan consolidations)
    (3,451,932 )     (4,252,382 )
 
Reduction of student loans:
               
   
Installment payments
    4,620,579       2,722,009  
   
Claims and resales
    589,069       527,901  
   
Proceeds from securitization of student loans treated as sales
    14,439,628       9,045,932  
   
Proceeds from sales of student loans
    91,050       17,572  
 
Other loans originated
    (516,283 )     (199,270 )
 
Other loans repaid
    602,757       351,106  
 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
    (31,972,221 )     (35,376,983 )
 
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
    3,252       983,469  
 
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities
    31,575,939       35,291,350  
 
Purchases of held-to-maturity and other securities
    (339,187 )     (229,716 )
 
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities and other securities
    461,372       340,058  
 
Return of investment from Retained Interest
    55,688       117,487  
             
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    178,315       (5,638,074 )
             
Financing activities
               
 
Short-term borrowings issued
    15,355,095       37,970,620  
 
Short-term borrowings repaid
    (15,358,062 )     (37,947,271 )
 
Long-term borrowings issued
    4,696,532       3,271,567  
 
Long-term borrowings repaid
    (3,647,340 )     (2,935,640 )
 
Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust issued
    3,091,347       2,287,461  
 
Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — activity
    (2,114,262 )     19,694  
 
Tax benefit from the exercise of stock-based awards
    23,846        
 
Common stock issued
    172,467       114,822  
 
Common stock repurchased
    (315,984 )     (344,353 )
 
Common dividends paid
    (194,086 )     (172,126 )
 
Preferred stock issued
          397,000  
 
Preferred dividends paid
    (16,767 )     (6,745 )
             
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,692,786       2,655,029  
             
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    888,961       (2,378,118 )
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    2,498,655       3,395,487  
             
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 3,387,616     $ 1,017,369  
             
Cash disbursements made for:
               
 
Interest
  $ 2,066,876     $ 1,039,093  
             
 
Income taxes
  $ 570,492     $ 87,373  
             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

11


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
      The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements of SLM Corporation (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2006. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2005, as presented, was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Reclassifications
      Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2006.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
      In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Financial Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” This statement will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2007.
      This interpretation:
  •  Changes historical methods of recording the impact to the financial statements of uncertain tax positions from a model based upon probable liabilities to be owed, to a model based upon the tax benefit most likely to be sustained.
 
  •  Prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, based upon whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination.
 
  •  Provides rules on the measurement in the financial statements of tax positions that meet this recognition threshold, requiring that the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement to be recorded.
 
  •  Provides guidance on the financial statement treatment of changes in the assessment of an uncertain tax position, as well as accounting for such changes in interim periods.
 
  •  Requires new disclosures regarding uncertain tax positions.

12


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1.   Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
      The Company is currently evaluating this interpretation to assess its impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets
      In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets,” which amends SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” This statement will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2007.
      This statement:
  •  Requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset as the result of i) a transfer of the servicer’s financial assets that meet the requirement for sale accounting; ii) a transfer of the servicer’s financial assets to a qualifying special-purpose entity in a guaranteed mortgage securitization in which the transferor retains all of the resulting securities and classifies them as either available-for-sale or trading securities in accordance with SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”; or iii) an acquisition or assumption of an obligation to service a financial asset that does not relate to financial assets of the servicer or its consolidated affiliates.
 
  •  Requires all separately recognized servicing assets or liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable.
 
  •  Permits an entity to either i) amortize servicing assets or liabilities in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income or loss and assess servicing assets or liabilities for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date (amortization method); or ii) measure servicing assets or liabilities at fair value at each reporting date and report changes in fair value in earnings in the period in which the changes occur (fair value measurement method). The method must be chosen for each separately recognized class of servicing asset or liability.
 
  •  At its initial adoption, permits a one-time reclassification of available-for-sale securities to trading securities by entities with recognized servicing rights, without calling into question the treatment of other available-for-sale securities under SFAS No. 115, provided that the available-for-sale securities are identified in some manner as offsetting the entity’s exposure to changes in fair value of servicing assets or liabilities that a servicer elects to subsequently measure at fair value.
 
  •  Requires separate presentation of servicing assets and liabilities subsequently measured at fair value in the statement of financial position and additional disclosures for all separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities.
      The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS No. 156 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments
      In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments” which amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging

13


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1.   Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Activities,” and SFAS No. 140. This statement will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2007.
      This statement:
  •  Allows a hybrid financial instrument containing an embedded derivative that would have required bifurcation under SFAS No. 133 to be measured at fair value as one instrument on a case by case basis;
 
  •  Clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are exempt from the requirements of SFAS No. 133;
 
  •  Requires that all interests in securitized financial assets be evaluated to determine if the interests are free standing instruments or if the interests contain an embedded derivative;
 
  •  Clarifies that the concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not an embedded derivative; and
 
  •  Amends SFAS Statement No. 140 to eliminate the prohibition of a qualifying special purpose entity from holding a derivative financial instrument that pertains to beneficial interests other than another derivative financial instrument.
      The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Accounting for Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Sale
      If the Company has the ability and intent to hold loans for the foreseeable future, such loans are held for investment and therefore carried at amortized cost. Any loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The Company actively securitizes loans but securitization is viewed as one of many different sources of financing. At the time of a funding need, the most advantageous funding source is identified and, if that source is the securitization program, loans are selected based on the required characteristics to structure the desired transaction (i.e., type of loan, mix of interim vs. repayment status, credit rating, maturity dates, etc.). The Company structures securitizations to obtain the most favorable financing terms and as a result, due to some of the structuring terms, certain transactions qualify for sale treatment under SFAS No. 140 while others do not qualify for sale treatment and are recorded as financings. Because the Company does not securitize all loans and not all securitizations qualify as sales, only when the Company has selected the loans to securitize and such transaction qualifies as a sale under SFAS No. 140 has the Company made a decision to sell loans. At such time, selected loans are transferred into the held-for-sale classification and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. If the Company will recognize a gain related to the impending securitization, no allowance is needed to adjust the loans below their respective cost basis. Historically, all of the Company’s off-balance sheet securitizations to date have resulted in a gain on sale.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
      On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” using the modified prospective transition method. Generally, the approach in SFAS No. 123(R) is similar to the approach described in

14


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1.   Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
SFAS No. 123. However, SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for its stock option plans using the intrinsic value method of accounting provided under Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations, and therefore no related compensation expense was recorded for awards granted with no intrinsic value. Accordingly, for periods prior to January 1, 2006, share-based compensation was included as a pro forma disclosure in the financial statement footnotes.
      Using the modified prospective transition method of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company’s compensation cost in the first half of 2006 includes: 1) compensation cost related to the remaining unvested portion of all share-based payments granted prior to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123; and 2) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). Results for prior periods have not been restated.
      As a result of adopting SFAS No. 123(R), the Company’s earnings before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were $15 million and $32 million lower, respectively, than if it had continued to account for stock-based compensation under APB No. 25, and net earnings were $9 million and $20 million lower, respectively.
      SFAS No. 123(R) requires that the excess (i.e., windfall) tax benefits from tax deductions on the exercise of share-based payments exceeding the deferred tax assets from the cumulative compensation cost previously recognized be classified as cash inflows from financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company presented all excess tax benefits resulting from the exercise of share-based payments as operating cash flows. The excess tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 was $7 million and $24 million, respectively.
      The following table provides pro forma net income and earnings per share had the Company applied the fair value method of SFAS No. 123(R) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005.
                   
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2005   June 30, 2005
         
Net income:
               
 
Reported net income
  $ 292,607     $ 513,116  
 
Less: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects
    (7,633 )     (17,413 )
             
 
Pro forma net income
  $ 284,974     $ 495,703  
             
Earnings per common share:
               
 
Reported basic earnings per common share
  $ .70     $ 1.22  
             
 
Pro forma basic earnings per common share
  $ .68     $ 1.18  
             
 
Reported diluted earnings per common share
  $ .66     $ 1.15  
             
 
Pro forma diluted earnings per common share
  $ .64     $ 1.11  
             

15


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
2. Allowance for Student Loan Losses
      The Company’s provisions for student loan losses represent the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the student loan portfolios. The evaluation of the provisions for student loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. The Company believes that the allowance for student loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses in the student loan portfolios.
      The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for both the Private Education Loan and federally insured student loan portfolios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 247,677     $ 197,729     $ 219,062     $ 179,664  
 
 
Provisions for student loan losses
    64,817       75,373       122,616       118,517  
 
 
Charge-offs
    (36,765 )     (38,303 )     (70,153 )     (68,290 )
 
Recoveries
    6,040       4,605       12,429       9,513  
                         
 
Net charge-offs
    (30,725 )     (33,698 )     (57,724 )     (58,777 )
                         
 
Balance before reductions for student loan sales and securitizations
    281,769       239,404       283,954       239,404  
 
Reductions for student loan sales and securitizations
    (13,207 )     (5,886 )     (15,392 )     (5,886 )
                         
Balance at end of period
  $ 268,562     $ 233,518     $ 268,562     $ 233,518  
                         
      In addition to the provisions for student loan losses, provisions for losses on other Company loans totaled $3 million and $4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $5 million and $7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

16


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
2. Allowance for Student Loan Losses (Continued)
      The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for student loan losses for Private Education Loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
(Dollars in millions)                
Allowance at beginning of period
  $ 232     $ 191     $ 204     $ 172  
 
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    62       36       116       79  
 
Change in estimate
          40             40  
                         
 
Total provision
    62       76       116       119  
 
Charge-offs
    (36 )     (38 )     (69 )     (66 )
 
Recoveries
    6       5       13       9  
                         
 
Net charge-offs
    (30 )     (33 )     (56 )     (57 )
                         
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans
    264       234       264       234  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans
    (12 )     (6 )     (12 )     (6 )
                         
Allowance at end of period
  $ 252     $ 228     $ 252     $ 228  
                         
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    3.13 %     4.33 %     3.05 %     3.86 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    3.55 %     3.61 %     3.55 %     3.61 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    6.66 %     7.41 %     6.66 %     7.41 %
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
    2.09       1.73       2.22       2.00  
Average total loans
  $ 7,961     $ 6,376     $ 8,485     $ 6,321  
Ending total loans
  $ 7,085     $ 6,325     $ 7,085     $ 6,325  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 3,838     $ 3,042     $ 3,720     $ 2,960  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 3,777     $ 3,078     $ 3,777     $ 3,078  

17


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
2. Allowance for Student Loan Losses (Continued)
Delinquencies
      The table below presents the Company’s Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2006 and 2005. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings if the account charges off and results in increased servicing and collection costs.
                                   
    June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Balance   %   Balance   %
                 
(Dollars in millions)                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 3,305             $ 3,307          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    299               190          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                               
 
Loans current
    3,353       88.8 %     2,756       89.5 %
 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    176       4.7       133       4.4  
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    100       2.6       69       2.2  
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    148       3.9       120       3.9  
                         
 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    3,777       100 %     3,078       100 %
                         
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    7,381               6,575          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (296 )             (250 )        
                         
Total Private Education Loans
    7,085               6,325          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (252 )             (228 )        
                         
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 6,833             $ 6,097          
                         
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    51.2 %             46.8 %        
                         
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    11.2 %             10.5 %        
                         
 
 
  (1)  Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
  (2)  Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
  (3)  The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

18


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
3. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
      Intangible assets include the following:
                                   
        As of June 30, 2006
    Average    
    Amortization       Accumulated    
    Period   Gross   Amortization   Net
                 
(Dollars in millions)                
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
                               
 
Customer, services, and lending relationships
    12 years     $ 256     $ (90 )   $ 166  
 
Tax exempt bond funding(1)
    10 years       67       (32 )     35  
 
Software and technology
    7 years       80       (56 )     24  
 
Non-compete agreements
    2 years       11       (9 )     2  
                         
 
Total
            414       (187 )     227  
                         
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
                               
 
Trade name and trademark
    Indefinite       78             78  
                         
Total acquired intangible assets
          $ 492     $ (187 )   $ 305  
                         
                                   
        As of December 31, 2005
    Average    
    Amortization       Accumulated    
    Period   Gross   Amortization   Net
                 
(Dollars in millions)                
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
                               
 
Customer, services, and lending relationships
    12 years     $ 256     $ (76 )   $ 180  
 
Tax exempt bond funding(1)
    10 years       67       (25 )     42  
 
Software and technology
    7 years       80       (51 )     29  
 
Non-compete agreements
    2 years       11       (8 )     3  
                         
 
Total
            414       (160 )     254  
                         
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
                               
 
Trade name and trademark
    Indefinite       78             78  
                         
Total acquired intangible assets
          $ 492     $ (160 )   $ 332  
                         
 
 
  (1)  In connection with the Company’s 2004 acquisition of Southwest Student Services Corporation, the Company assumed certain tax exempt bonds that enable the Company to earn a 9.5 percent Special Allowance Payment (“SAP”) rate on student loans funded by those bonds in these trusts. If a student loan is removed from the trust such that it is no longer funded by the bonds, it ceases earning the 9.5 percent SAP.
     The Company recorded amortization and impairments of $18 million and $16 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $32 million and $29 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

19


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
3. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets (Continued)
      A summary of changes in the Company’s goodwill by reportable segment (see Note 11, “Segment Reporting”) is as follows:
                         
    December 31,       June 30,
    2005   Adjustments   2006
             
(Dollars in millions)            
             
Lending
  $ 410     $ (4 )   $ 406  
Debt Management Operations
    299       7       306  
Corporate and Other
    64             64  
                   
Total
  $ 773     $ 3     $ 776  
                   
      Acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting as defined in SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair value of the acquired tangible assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible assets as of the acquisition date as determined by an independent appraiser. Goodwill associated with the Company’s acquisitions is reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” addressed further in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
4. Student Loan Securitization
Securitization Activity
      The Company securitizes its student loan assets and for transactions qualifying as sales, retains a Residual Interest and servicing rights (as the Company retains the servicing responsibilities), all of which are referred to as the Company’s Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans. The Residual Interest is the right to receive cash flows from the student loans and reserve accounts in excess of the amounts needed to pay servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest on the bonds backed by the student loans. The investors of the securitization trusts have no recourse to the Company’s other assets should there be a failure of the securitized student loans to pay when due.

20


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
4. Student Loan Securitization (Continued)
      The following table summarizes the Company’s securitization activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on balance sheet.
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Loan           Loan    
    No. of   Amount   Pre-Tax       No. of   Amount   Pre-Tax    
    Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %   Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %
                                 
(Dollars in millions)                                
FFELP Stafford/ PLUS loans
        $     $       %         $     $       %
Consolidation Loans
    1       2,500       23       .9       2       4,011       31       .8  
Private Education Loans
    2       4,000       648       16.2       1       1,505       231       15.3  
                                                 
Total securitizations — sales
    3       6,500     $ 671       10.3 %     3       5,516     $ 262       4.7 %
                                                 
Consolidation Loans(1)
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations — financings
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations
    4     $ 9,501                       4     $ 7,742                  
                                                 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Loan           Loan    
    No. of   Amount   Pre-Tax       No. of   Amount   Pre-Tax    
    Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %   Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %
                                 
(Dollars in millions)                                
FFELP Stafford/ PLUS loans
    2     $ 5,004     $ 17       .3 %     2     $ 3,530     $ 50       1.4 %
Consolidation Loans
    2       5,502       36       .7       2       4,011       31       .8  
Private Education Loans
    2       4,000       648       16.2       1       1,505       231       15.3  
                                                 
Total securitizations — sales
    6       14,506     $ 701       4.8 %     5       9,046     $ 312       3.4 %
                                                 
Consolidation Loans(1)
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations — financings
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations
    7     $ 17,507                       6     $ 11,272                  
                                                 
 
(1)  In certain Consolidation Loan securitization structures, the Company holds certain rights that can affect the remarketing of certain bonds such that these securitizations did not qualify as qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”). Accordingly, they are accounted for on-balance sheet as variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

21


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
4. Student Loan Securitization (Continued)
     Key economic assumptions used in estimating the fair value of Residual Interests at the date of securitization resulting from the student loan securitization sale transactions completed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:
                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Private       Private
    FFELP   Consolidation   Education   FFELP   Consolidation   Education
    Stafford(1)   Loans   Loans   Stafford(1)   Loans   Loans
                         
Prepayment speed (annual rate) (2)
          6 %     4 %           6 %     4%  
Weighted average life
          8.5 yrs.       9.4 yrs.             7.9 yrs.       9.0 yrs.  
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)
          .27 %     4.79 %           %     4.38%  
Residual cash flows discounted at (weighted average)
          10.8 %     13.0 %           10.1 %     12.4%  
                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Private       Private
    FFELP   Consolidation   Education   FFELP   Consolidation   Education
    Stafford   Loans   Loans   Stafford   Loans   Loans
                         
Prepayment speed (annual rate) (2)
    *       6 %     4 %     **       6 %     4 %
Weighted average life
    3.7 yrs.       8.3 yrs.       9.4 yrs.       4.0 yrs.       7.9 yrs.       9.0 yrs.  
Expected credit losses (% of principal securitized)
    .15 %     .27 %     4.79 %     %     %     4.38 %
Residual cash flows discounted at (weighted average)
    12.4 %     10.6 %     13.0 %     12 %     10.1 %     12.4 %
 
(1)  No securitizations qualified for sale treatment in the period.
 
(2)  The prepayment assumptions include the impact of projected defaults. Previous disclosures for Private Education Loans excluded projected default assumptions.
  20 percent for 2006, 15 percent for 2007 and 10 percent thereafter.
**  20 percent for 2005, 15 percent for 2006 and 6 percent thereafter.

22


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
4. Student Loan Securitization (Continued)
Retained Interest in Securitized Receivables
      The following tables summarize the fair value of the Company’s Residual Interests, included in the Company’s Retained Interest (and the assumptions used to value such Residual Interests), along with the underlying off-balance sheet student loans that relate to those securitizations in transactions that were treated as sales as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005.
                                 
    As of June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP   Consolidation   Private    
    Stafford and   Loan   Education    
(Dollars in millions)   PLUS   Trusts(1)   Loan Trusts   Total
                 
Fair value of Residual Interests(2)
  $ 773     $ 524     $ 1,855     $ 3,152  
Underlying securitized loan balance(3)
    20,224       14,746       12,556       47,526  
Weighted average life
    2.5 yrs.       8.1 yrs.       8.4 yrs          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
    10%-40 % (5)     6 %     4 %        
Expected credit losses
(% of student loan principal)
    .07 %     .07 %     4.73 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    13.0 %     11.1 %     13.1 %        
                                 
    As of December 31, 2005
     
        Private    
    FFELP Stafford   Consolidation   Education    
(Dollars in millions)   and PLUS   Loan Trusts(1)   Loan Trusts   Total
                 
Fair value of Residual Interests (2)
  $ 773     $ 483     $ 1,150     $ 2,406  
Underlying securitized loan balance (3)
    20,372       10,272       8,946       39,590  
Weighted average life
    2.7 yrs.       8.0 yrs.       7.8 yrs          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
    10%-20 %(5)     6 %     4 %        
Expected credit losses
(% of student loan principal)
    .14 %     .23 %     4.74 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    12.3 %     10.3 %     12.4 %        
 
(1)  Includes $115 million and $235 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The decrease in the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income is primarily due to rising interest rates during the period.
 
(2)  At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had unrealized gains (pre-tax) in accumulated other comprehensive income of $401 million and $370 million, respectively, that related to the Retained Interests.
 
(3)  In addition to student loans in off-balance sheet trusts, the Company had $41.3 billion and $40.9 billion of securitized student loans outstanding (face amount) as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, in on-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(4)  The prepayment speed assumptions include the impact of projected defaults. Previous disclosures for Private Education Loans excluded projected default assumptions.
 
(5)  40% for the third quarter of 2006, 30% for the fourth quarter of 2006, 15% for 2007 and 10% thereafter for June 30, 2006 valuations and 20% for 2006, 15% for 2007 and 10% thereafter for December 31, 2005 valuations.
     The Company recorded $91 million and $15 million of impairment related to the Retained Interests for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $143 million and $24 million of impairment related to the Retained Interests for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Both the 2006 and 2005 impairment charges were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford

23


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
4.                       Student Loan Securitization (Continued)
loans prepaying faster than projected through loan consolidation ($92 million and $20 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively) and also reflected decreases in value related to the Floor Income component of the Company’s Retained Interest primarily due to the increases in interest rates during the period ($51 million and $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively). The impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2006 also reflects the increase in the Company’s CPR assumption for the remainder of 2006 from 20 percent to 40 percent for the third quarter and 30 percent for the fourth quarter, to account for the surge in Consolidation Loan applications received in the second quarter that will be processed in the third and fourth quarters of 2006. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response the Company continues to revise its estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on the Company’s Retained Interests and it may result in additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected.
      The table below shows the Company’s off-balance sheet Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Balance   %   Balance   %
                 
(Dollars in millions)                
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 6,074             $ 3,308          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    751               400          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                               
 
Loans current
    5,483       95.7 %     3,749       95.5 %
 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    151       2.6       96       2.4  
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    50       .9       35       1.0  
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    47       .8       46       1.1  
                         
 
Total off-balance sheet Private Education Loans in repayment
    5,731       100 %     3,926       100 %
                         
Total off-balance sheet Private Education Loans, gross
  $ 12,556             $ 7,634          
                         
 
 
  (1)  Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
  (2)  Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
  (3)  The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

24


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
5. Derivative Financial Instruments
Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact
      The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts or number of contracts of all derivative instruments at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, $686 million and $666 million (fair value), respectively, of available-for-sale investment securities and $356 million and $249 million, respectively, of cash were pledged as collateral against these derivative instruments.
                                                                 
    Cash Flow   Fair Value   Trading   Total
                 
    June 30,   December 31,   June 30,   December 31,   June 30,   December 31,   June 30,   December 31,
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
(Dollars in millions)                                
Fair Values
                                                               
Interest rate swaps
  $ 5     $ 5     $ (737 )   $ (347 )   $ (115 )   $ (48 )   $ (847 )   $ (390 )
Floor/ Cap contracts
                            (141 )     (371 )     (141 )     (371 )
Futures
                            (1 )     (1 )     (1 )     (1 )
Equity forwards
                            20       67       20       67  
Cross currency interest rate swaps
                677       (148 )                 677       (148 )
                                                 
Total
  $ 5     $ 5     $ (60 )   $ (495 )   $ (237 )   $ (353 )   $ (292 )   $ (843 )
                                                 
(Dollars in billions)        
Notional Values
                                                               
Interest rate swaps
  $ 2.6     $ 1.2     $ 15.2     $ 14.6     $ 156.1     $ 125.4     $ 173.9     $ 141.2  
Floor/ Cap contracts
                            38.6       41.8       38.6       41.8  
Futures
    .1       .1                   .6       .6       .7       .7  
Cross currency interest rate swaps
                20.1       18.6                   20.1       18.6  
Other(1)
                            2.0       2.0       2.0       2.0  
                                                 
Total
  $ 2.7     $ 1.3     $ 35.3     $ 33.2     $ 197.3     $ 169.8     $ 235.3     $ 204.3  
                                                 
(Shares in millions)        
Contracts
                                                               
Equity forwards
                            45.9       42.7       45.9       42.7  
                                                 
 
(1)  “Other” consists of an embedded derivative bifurcated from the convertible debenture issuance that relates primarily to certain contingent interest and conversion features of the debt. The embedded derivative has had a de minimis fair value since inception.

25


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
5. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    Cash Flow   Fair Value   Trading   Total
                 
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
                                 
(Dollars in millions)                                
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
                                                               
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges
  $     $ 3     $     $     $     $     $     $ 3  
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)
    4       8                               4       8  
                                                 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net
  $ 4     $ 11     $     $     $     $     $ 4     $ 11  
                                                 
Earnings Summary
                                                               
Amortization of closed futures contracts’ gains/losses in interest expense(2)
  $ (5 )   $ (11 )   $     $     $     $     $ (5 )   $ (11 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities — Realized(3)
                            (41 )     (94 )     (41 )     (94 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities — Unrealized(4)
                21             143       (12 )     164       (12 )
                                                 
Total earnings impact
  $ (5 )   $ (11 )   $ 21     $     $ 102     $ (106 )   $ 118     $ (117 )
                                                 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    Cash Flow   Fair Value   Trading   Total
                 
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
                                 
(Dollars in millions)                                
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
                                                               
Change in fair value to cash flow hedges
  $ 2     $ (13 )   $     $     $     $     $ 2     $ (13 )
Amortization of effective hedges and transition adjustment(1)
    7       15                               7       15  
                                                 
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net
  $ 9     $ 2     $     $     $     $     $ 9     $ 2  
                                                 
Earnings Summary
                                                               
Amortization of closed futures contracts’ gains/losses in interest expense(2)
  $ (11 )   $ (23 )   $     $     $     $     $ (11 )   $ (23 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities — Realized(3)
                            (89 )     (216 )     (89 )     (216 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities — Unrealized(4)
                43       (12 )     82       88       125       76  
                                                 
Total earnings impact
  $ (11 )   $ (23 )   $ 43     $ (12 )   $ (7 )   $ (128 )   $ 25     $ (163 )
                                                 
 
(1)  The Company expects to amortize $7 million of after-tax net losses from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings during the next 12 months related to closed futures contracts that were hedging the forecasted issuance of debt instruments that are outstanding as of June 30, 2006.
 
(2)  For futures contracts that qualify as SFAS No. 133 hedges where the hedged transaction occurs.
 
(3)  Includes net settlement income/expense related to trading derivatives and realized gains and losses related to derivative dispositions.
 
(4)  The change in the fair value of cash flow and fair value hedges represents amounts related to ineffectiveness.

26


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
6. Stockholders’ Equity
      The following table summarizes the Company’s common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
(Shares in millions)                
Common shares repurchased:
                               
 
Equity forwards
    2.1       3.3       4.5       6.4  
 
Benefit plans(1)
    .4       .3       1.3       .6  
                         
 
Total shares repurchased
    2.5       3.6       5.8       7.0  
                         
 
Average purchase price per share
  $ 53.93     $ 48.55     $ 54.62     $ 49.46  
                         
Common shares issued
    1.4       1.8       4.3       3.5  
                         
Equity forward contracts:
                               
 
Outstanding at beginning of period
    42.7       46.6       42.7       42.8  
 
New contracts
    5.3       8.4       7.7       15.3  
 
Exercises
    (2.1 )     (3.3 )     (4.5 )     (6.4 )
                         
 
Outstanding at end of period
    45.9       51.7       45.9       51.7  
                         
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards
    10.9       20.5       10.9       20.5  
                         
 
 
  (1)  Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.
     As of June 30, 2006, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:
                     
            Average
Year of Maturity   Outstanding   Range of   Purchase
(Contracts in millions of shares)   Contracts   Purchase Prices   Price
             
2007
    .8     $54.74   $ 54.74  
2008
    7.3      54.74     54.74  
2009
    14.7      54.74     54.74  
2010
    15.0      54.74     54.74  
2011
    8.1     $51.86 — $53.76     53.02  
                 
      45.9         $ 54.44  
                 
      The closing price of the Company’s common stock on June 30, 2006 was $52.92.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
      Accumulated other comprehensive income includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges,

27


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
6. Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)
and the minimum pension liability adjustment. The following table presents the cumulative balances of the components of other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                 
    June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments(1)
  $ 375,503     $ 498,118  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(2)
    (3,459 )     (23,953 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment(3)
    (1,840 )     (1,044 )
             
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
  $ 370,204     $ 473,121  
             
 
 
  (1)  Net of tax expense of $199,569 and $268,902 as of June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
  (2)  Net of tax benefit of $1,977 and $10,952 as of June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
  (3)  Net of tax benefit of $991 and $562 as of June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
7. Earnings per Common Share
      Basic earnings per common share (“basic EPS”) is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share (“diluted EPS”) reflect the potential dilutive effect of (i) additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, nonvested deferred compensation deemed to be invested in common stock, nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), determined by the treasury stock method, (ii) the assumed conversion of convertible debentures (“Co-Cos”), determined by the “if-converted” method, and (iii) equity forwards, determined by the reverse treasury stock method. Equity forwards are potentially dilutive to EPS when the Company’s average stock price is lower than the equity forward’s strike price.

28


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
7. Earnings per Common Share (Continued)
      A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations is as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005:
                                   
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Numerator:
                               
Net income attributable to common stock
  $ 714,991     $ 292,607     $ 858,291     $ 513,116  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes
    16,460       10,297       31,277       18,916  
Adjusted for non-taxable unrealized gains on equity forwards(1)
    (39,717 )                  
                         
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted
  $ 691,734     $ 302,904     $ 889,568     $ 532,032  
                         
Denominator: (shares in thousands)
                               
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS
    410,957       419,497       411,811       420,206  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                               
 
Dilutive effect of stock options, nonvested deferred compensation, nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards
    13,045       12,091       11,680       11,936  
 
Dilutive effect of Co-Cos
    30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312  
                         
Dilutive potential common shares(2)
    43,357       42,403       41,992       42,248  
                         
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS
    454,314       461,900       453,803       462,454  
                         
Net earnings per share:
                               
Basic EPS
  $ 1.74     $ .70     $ 2.08     $ 1.22  
 
Dilutive effect of stock options, nonvested deferred compensation, nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards
    (.05 )     (.02 )     (.05 )     (.03 )
 
Dilutive effect of Co-Cos
    (.08 )     (.02 )     (.07 )     (.04 )
 
Dilutive effect of non-taxable unrealized gains on equity forwards(1)
    (.09 )                  
                         
Diluted EPS
  $ 1.52     $ .66     $ 1.96     $ 1.15  
                         
 
(1)  SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” and the additional guidance provided by EITF Topic No. D-72, “Effect of Contracts That May Be Settled in Stock or Cash on the Computation of Diluted Earnings per Share,” require both the denominator and the numerator to be adjusted in calculating the potential impact of the Company’s equity forward contracts on diluted EPS. Under this guidance, when certain conditions are satisfied, the impact of the equity forwards is dilutive. Specifically, the impact is dilutive when: (1) the average share price is lower than the respective strike prices on the Company’s equity forward contracts,

29


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
7. Earnings per Common Share (Continued)
and (2) the Company recognized a gain on derivative and hedging activities related to its equity forward contracts. These conditions occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2006. At the time of the Company’s second quarter 2006 press release (the “Press Release”) filed on Form 8-K on July 20, 2006, the Company adjusted only the denominator in calculating the effects of its equity forward contracts. The diluted EPS of $1.52 in the table above reflects the effects of adjusting both the numerator and denominator and corrects the information previously reported in the Company’s Press Release. This guidance does not affect the Company’s net income for the quarter and does not require the Company to adjust its diluted EPS for the six months ended June 30, 2006 or any prior period.
(2)  For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, stock options and equity forwards of approximately 8 million shares and 14 million shares, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, stock options and equity forwards of approximately 12 million shares and 19 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive.
8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
      The Company has various stock-based compensation programs, which include stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance stock, and the ESPP.
      The SLM Corporation Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) was approved by shareholders in 2004 and amended in 2005. A total of 17.2 million shares are authorized to be issued from this plan. Upon approval of the Incentive Plan, the Company discontinued the Employee Stock Option Plan (the “ESOP”) and Management Incentive Plan (the “MIP”). Shares available for future issuance under the ESOP and MIP were canceled; however, terms of outstanding grants remain unchanged. Awards under the Incentive Plan may be in the form of stock, stock options, performance stock, restricted stock and restricted stock units. Stock-based compensation is also granted to non-employee directors of the Company under the shareholder-approved Directors Stock Plan. A total of 9.3 million shares are authorized to be issued from this plan and awards may be in the form of stock options and stock. The Company’s non-employee directors are considered employees under the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). The shares issued under the Incentive Plan, the Directors Stock Plan and the ESPP may be either shares reacquired by the Company or shares that are authorized but unissued.
      An amount equal to the dividends payable on the Company’s common stock (“dividend equivalents”) is credited on “full value” stock-based compensation awards, which are nonvested performance stock, nonvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, and on share amounts credited under deferred compensation arrangements. Dividend equivalents are not credited on stock option awards.
      The total stock-based compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 was $18 million and $39 million, respectively. The related income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 was $6 million and $14 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2006, there was $75 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation programs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.
Stock Options
      Under the Incentive Plan, ESOP and MIP, the maximum term for stock options is 10 years and the exercise price must be equal to or greater than the market price of SLM common stock on the date of grant. Stock options granted to officers and management employees under the plans generally vest upon the Company’s common stock price reaching a closing price equal to or greater than 20 percent above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant for five days, but no earlier than 12 months

30


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)
from the grant date. Stock options granted to members of executive management have included more difficult price vesting targets and are more fully disclosed in Exhibits 10.13, 10.14 and 10.23 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. In any event, all options vest upon the eighth anniversary of their grant date. Options granted to rank-and-file employees are time-vested with the grants vesting one-half in 18 months from their grant date and the second one-half vesting 36 months from their grant date.
      Under the Directors Stock Plan, the maximum term for stock options is 10 years and the exercise price must be equal to or greater than the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock options granted to directors are generally subject to the following vesting schedule: all options vest upon the Company’s common stock price reaching a closing price equal to or greater than 20 percent above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant for five days or the director’s election to the Board, whichever occurs later. In any event, all options vest upon the fifth anniversary of their grant date.
      The fair values of the options granted in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 were estimated as of the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions.
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Risk free interest rate
    4.96 %     3.77 %     4.48 %     3.86 %
Expected volatility
    19.86 %     21.64 %     20.64 %     22.62 %
Expected dividend rate
    1.66 %     1.73 %     1.58 %     1.55 %
Expected life of the option
    3 years       5 years       3 years       5 years  
      The expected life of the options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. Groups of employees that have received similar option grant terms were considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly-traded options on the Company’s stock at the date of grant and historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury spot rate consistent with the expected term of the option. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share, divided by the stock price at the date of grant.
      As of June 30, 2006, there was $51 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

31


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)
      The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
                                 
        Weighted   Weighted    
        Average   Average    
        Exercise   Remaining    
    Number of   Price per   Contractual   Aggregate
    Options   Share   Term   Intrinsic Value
                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2005
    41,484,567     $ 34.52                  
Granted — direct options
    3,999,475       55.81                  
Granted — replacement options
    92,849       55.38                  
Exercised
    (3,705,892 )     30.93                  
Canceled
    (734,975 )     49.40                  
                         
Outstanding at June 30, 2006
    41,136,024     $ 36.70       6.81 yrs     $ 667 million  
                         
Exercisable at June 30, 2006
    27,742,789     $ 29.98       5.81 yrs     $ 636 million  
                         
      The weighted average fair value of options granted was $9.29 and $10.39 for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $10.22 and $11.57 for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $26 million and $28 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $88 million and $55 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
      Cash received from option exercises was $39 million and $51 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $88 million and $93 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from option exercises totaled $11 million and $10 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, and $30 million and $21 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
Restricted Stock
      Restricted stock granted under the Incentive Plan may vest no sooner than three years from grant date or may vest ratably over three years. Performance stock granted must vest over a minimum of a 12-month performance period. Performance criteria may include the achievement of any of several financial and business goals, such as “Core Earnings” diluted EPS, loan volume, market share, overhead or other expense reduction, or “Core Earnings” net income.
      In accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), the fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the stock and is amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods. As of June 30, 2006, there was $13 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years.

32


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)
      The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
                 
        Weighted
        Average Grant
    Number of   Date Fair
    Shares   Value
         
Nonvested at December 31, 2005
    357,444     $ 44.34  
Granted
    163,398       55.82  
Vested
    (56,035 )     37.83  
Canceled
    (35,167 )     42.44  
             
Nonvested at June 30, 2006
    429,640     $ 49.71  
             
      The total fair value of shares that vested during the three months ended June 30, 2006 was $.1 million. There were no shares that vested in the year-ago period. The total fair value of shares that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was $2 million and $4 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
      The Company has granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain executive management employees. RSUs are subject to continued employment and generally vest over two to five years. Conversion of vested RSUs to common stock is deferred until the employees’ retirement or termination of employment. The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the stock and is amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods. As of June 30, 2006, there was $10 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.
      The following table summarizes RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
                 
        Weighted
        Average Grant
    Number of   Date Fair
    RSUs   Value
         
Outstanding at December 31, 2005
    840,000     $ 34.81  
Granted
    100,000       55.82  
Vested
           
Canceled
           
Converted to common stock
    (300,000 )     31.93  
             
Outstanding at June 30, 2006
    640,000     $ 39.45  
             
      There were 28,326 dividend equivalents on outstanding RSUs at June 30, 2006.
      The total fair value of RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2005 was $10 million. The total intrinsic value of RSUs converted to common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2006 was $10 million. There were no RSUs converted to common stock in the year-ago period.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
      Employees may purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the ESPP at the end of a 24-month period at a price equal to the share price at the beginning of the 24-month period, less

33


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)
15 percent, up to a maximum purchase price of $10,000 plus accrued interest. There are four ESPP offerings a year, one per quarter, and the purchase price for each offering is determined at the beginning of the offering period. The total number of shares which may be sold pursuant to the plan may not exceed 7.6 million shares, of which 1.3 million shares remained available at June 30, 2006.
      The fair values of the stock purchase rights of the ESPP offerings in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions.
                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2006
         
Risk free interest rate
    4.98 %     4.75 %
Expected volatility
    19.39 %     19.61 %
Expected dividend rate
    1.90 %     1.72 %
Expected life
    2 years       2 years  
      The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly-traded options on the Company’s stock at the date of grant and historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury spot rate consistent with the expected term. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share, divided by the stock price at the date of grant.
      The weighted average fair values of the stock purchase rights of the ESPP offerings in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were $11.62 and $12.07, respectively. The fair value is amortized to compensation cost on a straight-line basis over a two-year vesting period. As of June 30, 2006, there was $2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.
      During the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, 26,825 shares and 68,696 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were purchased by plan participants.
9. Pension Plans
Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
      Net periodic pension cost included the following components:
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Service cost — benefits earned during the period
  $ 2,073     $ 2,473     $ 4,146     $ 4,946  
Interest cost on project benefit obligations
    2,862       2,806       5,724       5,612  
Expected return on plan assets
    (4,069 )     (4,108 )     (8,138 )     (8,217 )
Net amortization and deferral
    122       (30 )     244       (59 )
                         
Total net periodic pension cost
  $ 988     $ 1,141     $ 1,976     $ 2,282  
                         
Employer Contributions
      The Company previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 that it did not expect to contribute to its qualified pension plan (the “Qualified Plan”) in 2006. As of June 30, 2006, the Company had made no contributions to its Qualified Plan.

34


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
9. Pension Plans (Continued)
10. Contingencies
      The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The lawsuit sought to bring a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid “undisclosed improper and excessive” late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of $1,500 per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court’s decision granting the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On October 15, 2004, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint with the Superior Court for failure to state a claim and non-compliance with the Court of Appeals’ ruling. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiffs’ amended complaint. Plaintiffs appealed the Superior Court’s dismissal order to the Court of Appeals. On June 8, 2006, the Court of Appeals issued an opinion reversing the order of the trial court dismissing the amended complaint. The Court of Appeals did not address the merits of the complaint but concluded that the trial court improperly relied upon facts extrinsic to the complaint. The Company does not believe that it is reasonably likely that a nationwide class will be certified. The Court of Appeals noted in its decision that the plaintiffs failed to file a motion for class certification within the time required by the District of Columbia rules.
      The Company is also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of the Company’s reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in the Company’s debt management operation group are occasionally named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that the Company has violated a federal or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.
11. Segment Reporting
      The Company has two primary operating segments as defined in SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” — the Lending and Debt Management Operations (“DMO”) segments. The Lending and DMO operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments identified in SFAS No. 131. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company’s Lending and DMO segments are presented below. The Company has smaller operating segments including the Guarantor Servicing and Student Loan Servicing operating segments as well as certain other products and services provided to colleges and universities which do not meet the quantitative thresholds identified in SFAS No. 131. Therefore, the results of operations for these operating segments and the revenues and expenses associated with these other products and services are combined with corporate overhead and other corporate activities within the Corporate and Other reporting segment.
      The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company’s chief operating decision

35


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
maker, evaluates the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company’s operating segments based on “Core Earnings” net income. Accordingly, information regarding the Company’s reportable segments is provided based on a “Core Earnings” basis. The Company’s “Core Earnings” performance measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company’s operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
      The Company’s principal operations are located in the United States, and its results of operations and long-lived assets in geographic regions outside of the United States are not significant. In the Lending segment, no individual customer accounted for more than 10 percent of its total revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. (“USA Funds”) is the Company’s largest customer in both the DMO and Corporate and Other segments. During the six months ending June 30, 2006 and 2005, it accounted for 38 percent and 42 percent, respectively, of the aggregate revenues generated by the Company’s DMO and Corporate and Other segments. No other customers accounted for more than 10 percent of total revenues in those segments for the years mentioned.
Lending
      In the Company’s Lending business segment, the Company originates and acquires both federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. Private Education Loans are primarily used by borrowers to supplement FFELP loans to meet the rising cost of education. The Company manages student loans for approximately 10 million customers; its Managed student loan portfolio totaled $130.1 billion at June 30, 2006, of which $111.1 billion or 85 percent are federally insured. In addition to education lending, the Company also originates mortgage and consumer loans with the intent of selling the majority of such loans. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company originated $905 million in mortgage and consumer loans of which $718 million pertained to mortgages in the held for sale portfolio. The Company’s mortgage and consumer loan portfolio totaled $670 million at June 30, 2006.
      In addition to its federally insured FFELP products, the Company originates and acquires Private Education Loans which consist of two general types: (1) those that are designed to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount financed through either capped federally insured loans or the borrowers’ resources, and (2) those that are used to meet the needs of students in alternative learning programs such as career training, distance learning and lifelong learning programs. Most higher education Private Education Loans are made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as such are marketed through the same channel as FFELP loans by the same sales force. Unlike FFELP loans, Private Education Loans are subject to the full credit risk of the borrower. The Company manages this additional

36


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
risk through industry-tested loan underwriting standards and a combination of higher interest rates and loan origination fees that compensate the Company for the higher risk.
DMO
      The Company provides a wide range of accounts receivable and collections services through six operating units that comprise its DMO operating segment. These services include defaulted student loan portfolio management services, contingency collections services for student loans and other asset classes, student loan default aversion services, and accounts receivable management and collection for purchased portfolios of receivables that have been charged off by their original creditors, as well as sub-performing and nonperforming mortgage loans. The Company’s DMO operating segment primarily serves the student loan marketplace through a broad array of default management services on a contingency fee or other pay-for-performance basis to 12 FFELP guarantors and for campus-based programs.
      In addition to collecting on its own purchased receivables and mortgage loans, the DMO operating segment provides receivable management and collection services for large federal agencies, credit card clients and other holders of consumer debt.
Corporate and Other
      The Company’s Corporate and Other business segment includes the aggregate activity of its smaller operating segments, including its Guarantor Servicing and Loan Servicing business segments, other products and services as well as corporate overhead.
      In the Guarantor Servicing operating segment, the Company provides a full complement of administrative services to FFELP guarantors including guarantee issuance, account maintenance, and guarantee fulfillment. In the Loan Servicing operating segment, the Company provides a full complement of activities required to service student loans on behalf of lenders who are unrelated to the Company. Such servicing activities generally commence once a loan has been fully disbursed and include sending out payment coupons to borrowers, processing borrower payments, originating and disbursing Consolidation Loans on behalf of the lender, and other administrative activities required by ED. The Company’s other products and services include comprehensive financing and loan delivery solutions that it provides to college financial aid offices and students to streamline the financial aid process. Corporate overhead includes all of the typical headquarter functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing.
Measure of Profitability
      The tables below include the condensed operating results for each of the Company’s reportable segments. Management, including the chief operating decision maker, evaluates the Company on certain performance measures that the Company refers to as “Core Earnings” performance measures for each operating segment. While “Core Earnings” results are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on “Core Earnings” performance measures to manage each operating segment because it believes these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
      “Core Earnings” performance measures are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company’s financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into

37


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect “Core Earnings” operating measures reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business. Reconciliations of the “Core Earnings” segment totals to the Company’s consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.
Segment Results and Reconciliations to GAAP
                                                   
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
        Corporate   Total “Core       Total
    Lending   DMO   and Other   Earnings”   Adjustments(3)   GAAP
                         
(Dollars in millions)                        
Interest income:
                                               
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 719     $     $     $ 719     $ (382 )   $ 337  
 
Consolidation Loans
    1,114                   1,114       (273 )     841  
 
Private Education Loans
    485                   485       (251 )     234  
 
Other loans
    24                   24             24  
 
Cash and investments
    170             1       171       (46 )     125  
                                     
Total interest income
    2,512             1       2,513       (952 )     1,561  
Total interest expense
    1,904       5       1       1,910       (706 )     1,204  
                                     
Net interest income
    608       (5 )           603       (246 )     357  
Less: provisions for losses
    60                   60       8       68  
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    548       (5 )           543       (254 )     289  
Fee income
          90       33       123             123  
Collections revenue
          67             67             67  
Other income
    51             24       75       869       944  
Operating expenses(1)
    163       85       50       298       18       316  
                                     
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    436       67       7       510       597       1,107  
Income tax expense(2)
    161       26       2       189       193       382  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          1             1             1  
                                     
Net income
  $ 275     $ 40     $ 5     $ 320     $ 404     $ 724  
                                     
 
(1)  Operating expenses for the Lending, DMO, and Corporate and Other Business segments include $8 million, $2 million, and $4 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
(2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income (loss) before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 
(3)  “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    Net Impact of   Net Impact of       Amortization    
    Securitization   Derivative   Net Impact of   of Acquired    
    Accounting   Accounting   Floor Income   Intangibles   Total
                     
(Dollars in millions)                    
Net interest income
  $ (236 )   $ 42     $ (52 )   $     $ (246 )
Less: provisions for losses
    8                         8  
                               
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    (244 )     42       (52 )           (254 )
Fee income
                             
Collections revenue
                             
Other income
    746       123                   869  
Operating expenses
                      18       18  
                               
Total pre-tax “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 502     $ 165     $ (52 )   $ (18 )     597  
                               
Income tax expense
                                    193  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
                                     
                               
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
                                  $ 404  
                               

38


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
                                                   
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
        Corporate   Total “Core       Total
    Lending   DMO   and Other   Earnings”   Adjustments(3)   GAAP
                         
(Dollars in millions)                        
Interest income:
                                               
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 582     $     $     $ 582     $ (343 )   $ 239  
 
Consolidation Loans
    667                   667       (113 )     554  
 
Private Education Loans
    247                   247       (120 )     127  
 
Other loans
    20                   20             20  
 
Cash and investments
    77             1       78       (24 )     54  
                                     
Total interest income
    1,593             1       1,594       (600 )     994  
Total interest expense
    1,073       4       1       1,078       (414 )     664  
                                     
Net interest income
    520       (4 )           516       (186 )     330  
Less: provisions for losses
    14                   14       65       79  
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    506       (4 )           502       (251 )     251  
Fee income
          82       26       108             108  
Collections revenue
          42             42             42  
Other income
    36             29       65       297       362  
Operating expenses(1)
    141       67       63       271       17       288  
                                     
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    401       53       (8 )     446       29       475  
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)
    148       20       (3 )     165       11       176  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1       1             2             2  
                                     
Net income (loss)
  $ 252     $ 32     $ (5 )   $ 279     $ 18     $ 297  
                                     
 
(1)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income (loss) before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 
(2)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between its business segments. Balances for the three months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
 
(3)  “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    Net impact of   Net Impact of       Amortization    
    Securitization   Derivative   Net Impact of   of Acquired    
(Dollars in millions)   Accounting   Accounting   Floor Income   Intangibles   Total
                     
Net interest income
  $ (230 )   $ 95     $ (51 )   $     $ (186 )
Less: provisions for losses
    65                         65  
                               
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    (295 )     95       (51 )           (251 )
Fee income
                             
Collections revenue
                             
Other income
    403       (106 )                 297  
Operating expenses
    1                   16       17  
                               
Total pre-tax “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 107     $ (11 )   $ (51 )   $ (16 )     29  
                               
Income tax expense
                                    11  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
                                     
                               
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
                                  $ 18  
                               

39


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
                                                   
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
        Corporate   Total “Core       Total
(Dollars in millions)   Lending   DMO   and Other   Earnings”   Adjustments(3)   GAAP
                         
Interest income:
                                               
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,369     $     $     $ 1,369     $ (734 )   $ 635  
 
Consolidation Loans
    2,142                   2,142       (479 )     1,663  
 
Private Education Loans
    914                   914       (439 )     475  
 
Other loans
    47                   47             47  
 
Cash and investments
    300             2       302       (81 )     221  
                                     
Total interest income
    4,772             2       4,774       (1,733 )     3,041  
Total interest expense
    3,562       11       3       3,576       (1,280 )     2,296  
                                     
Net interest income
    1,210       (11 )     (1 )     1,198       (453 )     745  
Less: provisions for losses
    135                   135       (7 )     128  
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    1,075       (11 )     (1 )     1,063       (446 )     617  
Fee income
          182       60       242             242  
Collections revenue
          124             124             124  
Other income
    92             55       147       907       1,054  
Operating expenses(1)
    324       175       109       608       32       640  
                                     
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    843       120       5       968       429       1,397  
Income tax expense(2)
    312       44       2       358       161       519  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          3             3             3  
                                     
Net income
  $ 531     $ 73     $ 3     $ 607     $ 268     $ 875  
                                     
 
(1)  Operating expenses for the Lending, DMO, and Corporate and Other Business segments include $18 million, $5 million, and $9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
(2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income (loss) before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 
(3)  “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    Net Impact of   Net Impact of       Amortization    
    Securitization   Derivative   Net Impact of   of Acquired    
(Dollars in millions)   Accounting   Accounting   Floor Income   Intangibles   Total
                     
Net interest income
  $ (438 )   $ 90     $ (105 )   $     $ (453 )
Less: provisions for losses
    (7 )                       (7 )
                               
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    (431 )     90       (105 )           (446 )
Fee income
                             
Collections revenue
                             
Other income
    871       36                   907  
Operating expenses
                      32       32  
                               
Total pre-tax “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 440     $ 126     $ (105 )   $ (32 )     429  
                               
Income tax expense
                                    161  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
                                     
                               
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
                                  $ 268  
                               

40


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
                                                   
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
        Corporate   Total “Core       Total
(Dollars in millions)   Lending   DMO   and Other   Earnings”   Adjustments(3)   GAAP
                         
Interest income:
                                               
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,092     $     $     $ 1,092     $ (663 )   $ 429  
 
Consolidation Loans
    1,248                   1,248       (185 )     1,063  
 
Private Education Loans
    474                   474       (217 )     257  
 
Other loans
    40                   40             40  
 
Cash and investments
    156             2       158       (42 )     116  
                                     
Total interest income
    3,010             2       3,012       (1,107 )     1,905  
Total interest expense
    1,991       8       3       2,002       (774 )     1,228  
                                     
Net interest income
    1,019       (8 )     (1 )     1,010       (333 )     677  
Less: provisions for losses
    69                   69       57       126  
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    950       (8 )     (1 )     941       (390 )     551  
Fee income
          168       58       226             226  
Collections revenue
          77             77             77  
Other income
    72             61       133       450       583  
Operating expenses(1)
    275       132       114       521       29       550  
                                     
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    747       105       4       856       31       887  
Income tax expense(2)
    277       39       1       317       46       363  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    2       2             4             4  
                                     
Net income
  $ 468     $ 64     $ 3     $ 535     $ (15 )   $ 520  
                                     
 
(1)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income (loss) before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 
(2)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between its business segments. Balances for the six months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
 
(3)  “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    Net Impact of   Net Impact of       Amortization    
    Securitization   Derivative   Net Impact of   of Acquired    
(Dollars in millions)   Accounting   Accounting   Floor Income   Intangibles   Total
                     
Net interest income
  $ (458 )   $ 219     $ (94 )   $     $ (333 )
Less: provisions for losses
    57                         57  
                               
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    (515 )     219       (94 )           (390 )
Fee income
                             
Collections revenue
                             
Other income
    590       (140 )                 450  
Operating expenses
                      29       29  
                               
Total pre-tax “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 75     $ 79     $ (94 )   $ (29 )     31  
                               
Income tax expense
                                    46  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
                                     
                               
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
                                  $ (15 )
                               

41


 

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Information at June 30, 2006 and for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2005 is unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
11. Segment Reporting (Continued)
Summary of “Core Earnings” Adjustments to GAAP
      The adjustments required to reconcile from the Company’s “Core Earnings” results to its GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for securitization transactions, derivatives, Floor Income related to the Company’s student loans, and certain other items that management does not consider in evaluating the Company’s operating results. The following table reflects aggregate adjustments associated with these areas for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
(Dollars in millions)   2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                               
 
Net impact of securitization accounting(1)
  $ 502     $ 107     $ 440     $ 75  
 
Net impact of derivative accounting(2)
    165       (11 )     126       79  
 
Net impact of Floor Income(3)
    (52 )     (51 )     (105 )     (94 )
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles(4)
    (18 )     (16 )     (32 )     (29 )
 
Net tax effect(5)
    (193 )     (11 )     (161 )     (46 )
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 404     $ 18     $ 268     $ (15 )
                         
 
(1)  Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in the Company’s Lending operating segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation for the Lending operating segment, the Company presents all securitization transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront “gains” on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing “servicing and securitization revenue” presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from “Core Earnings” net income and replaced by the interest income, provisions for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. The Company also excludes transactions with its off-balance sheet trusts from “Core Earnings” net income as they are considered intercompany transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis.
 
(2)  Derivative accounting: “Core Earnings” net income excludes periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in the Company’s Lending operating segment, and to a lesser degree in the Company’s Corporate and Other reportable segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. Under the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation, the Company recognizes the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. “Core Earnings” net income also excludes the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that under SFAS No. 133, are required to be accounted for as derivatives and are marked-to-market through GAAP net income.
 
(3)  Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in the Company’s Lending operating segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads. Therefore, the Company excludes such income from “Core Earnings” net income when it is not economically hedged. The Company employs derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in “Derivative Accounting,” these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore, under GAAP, are marked-to-market through the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For “Core Earnings” net income, the Company reverses the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and includes the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts’ realized gains or losses) in income.
 
(4)  Other items: The Company excludes goodwill impairment and amortization of acquired intangibles.
 
(5)  Such tax effect is based upon the Company’s “Core Earnings” effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts.

42


 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
FORWARD-LOOKING AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
      This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this document. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend” and “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in these laws and regulations, which may reduce the volume, average term and yields on student loans under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) or result in loans being originated or refinanced under non-FFELP programs or may affect the terms upon which banks and others agree to sell FFELP loans to SLM Corporation, more commonly known as Sallie Mae, and its subsidiaries (collectively, “the Company”). In addition, a larger than expected increase in third party consolidations of our FFELP loans could materially adversely affect our results of operations. The Company could also be affected by changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements; changes in the composition of our Managed FFELP and Private Education Loan portfolios; a significant decrease in our common stock price, which may result in counterparties terminating equity forward positions with us, which, in turn, could have a materially dilutive effect on our common stock; changes in the general interest rate environment and in the securitization markets for education loans, which may increase the costs or limit the availability of financings necessary to initiate, purchase or carry education loans; losses from loan defaults; changes in prepayment rates and credit spreads; and changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services.
OVERVIEW
      We are the largest source of funding, delivery and servicing support for education loans in the United States. Our primary business is to originate, acquire and hold both federally guaranteed student loans and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The primary source of our earnings is from net interest income earned on those student loans as well as gains on the sales of such loans in securitization transactions. We also earn fees for pre-default and post-default receivables management services on student loans, such that we are engaged in every phase of the student loan life cycle — from originating and servicing student loans to default prevention and ultimately the collection on defaulted student loans. In addition, we provide a wide range of other financial services, processing capabilities and information technology to meet the needs of educational institutions, lenders, students and their families, and guarantee agencies. SLM Corporation, more commonly known as Sallie Mae, is a holding company that operates through a number of subsidiaries and references in this report to the “Company” refer to SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries.
      We have used both internal growth and strategic acquisitions to attain our leadership position in the education finance marketplace. Our sales force, which delivers our products on campuses across the country, is the largest in the student loan industry. The core of our marketing strategy is to promote our on-campus brands, which generate student loan originations through our Preferred Channel. Loans generated through our Preferred Channel are more profitable than loans acquired through other acquisition

43


 

channels because we own them earlier in the student loan’s life and generally incur lower costs to acquire such loans. We have built brand leadership among the Sallie Mae name, the brands of our subsidiaries and those of our lender partners. These sales and marketing efforts are supported by the largest and most diversified servicing capabilities in the industry, providing an unmatched array of servicing capability to financial aid offices.
      In recent years we have diversified our business through the acquisition of several companies that provide default management and loan collections services, all of which are combined in our Debt Management Operations (“DMO”) business segment. Our capabilities now include a full range of accounts receivable management services to a number of different industries. The DMO business segment has been expanding rapidly such that revenue grew 25 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to the same period in 2005, and we now employ approximately 4,000 people in this segment.
      We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the DMO operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company’s Lending and DMO segments are presented separately below under “BUSINESS SEGMENTS.” These operating segments are considered reportable segments under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company’s financial statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
      A discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies, which include premiums, discounts and Borrower Benefits, securitization accounting and Retained Interests, provisions for loan losses, derivative accounting and the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on estimates, can be found in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. There have been no material changes to these policies during the second quarter of 2006.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Condensed Statements of Income
                                                                 
    Three Months   Increase   Six Months   Increase
    Ended June 30,   (Decrease)   Ended June 30,   (Decrease)
                 
    2006   2005   $   %   2006   2005   $   %
                                 
Net interest income
  $ 357     $ 330     $ 27       8 %   $ 745     $ 677     $ 68       10%  
Less: provisions for losses
    68       79       (11 )     (14 )     128       126       2       2  
                                                 
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    289       251       38       15       617       551       66       12  
Gains on student loan securitizations
    671       262       409       156       701       312       389       125  
Servicing and securitization revenue
    83       150       (67 )     (45 )     182       293       (111 )     (38 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    123       (106 )     229       216       36       (140 )     176       126  
Guarantor servicing fees
    33       26       7       27       60       58       2       3  
Debt management fees
    90       82       8       10       182       168       14       8  
Collections revenue
    67       42       25       60       124       77       47       61  
Other income
    67       56       11       20       135       118       17       14  
Operating expenses
    316       288       28       10       640       550       90       16  
Income taxes
    382       176       206       117       519       363       156       43  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1       2       (1 )     (50 )     3       4       (1 )     (25 )
                                                 
Net income
    724       297       427       144       875       520       355       68  
Preferred stock dividends
    9       4       5       125       17       7       10       143  
                                                 
Net income attributable to common stock
  $ 715     $ 293     $ 422       144 %   $ 858     $ 513     $ 345       67%  
                                                 
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 1.74     $ .70     $ 1.04       149 %   $ 2.08     $ 1.22     $ .86       70%  
                                                 
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 1.52     $ .66     $ .86       130 %   $ 1.96     $ 1.15     $ .81       70%  
                                                 
Dividends per common share
  $ .25     $ .22     $ .03       14 %   $ .47     $ .41     $ .06       15%  
                                                 

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Condensed Balance Sheets
                                 
            Increase
            (Decrease)
    June 30,   December 31,    
    2006   2005   $   %
                 
Assets
                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net
  $ 21,391     $ 19,988     $ 1,403       7 %
Consolidation Loans, net
    54,055       54,859       (804 )     (1 )
Private Education Loans, net
    6,833       7,757       (924 )     (12 )
Other loans, net
    1,051       1,138       (87 )     (8 )
Cash and investments
    6,204       4,868       1,336       27  
Restricted cash and investments
    3,489       3,300       189       6  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans
    3,152       2,406       746       31  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
    1,081       1,105       (24 )     (2 )
Other assets
    4,651       3,918       733       19  
                         
Total assets
  $ 101,907     $ 99,339     $ 2,568       3 %
                         
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                               
Short-term borrowings
  $ 3,801     $ 3,810     $ (9 )     %
Long-term borrowings
    90,507       88,119       2,388       3  
Other liabilities
    3,230       3,609       (379 )     (11 )
                         
Total liabilities
    97,538       95,538       2,000       2  
                         
Minority interest in subsidiaries
    9       9              
Stockholders’ equity before treasury stock
    5,238       4,364       874       20  
Common stock held in treasury at cost
    878       572       306       53  
                         
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,360       3,792       568       15  
                         
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 101,907     $ 99,339     $ 2,568       3 %
                         
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS SUMMARY
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
      For the three months ended June 30, 2006, net income of $724 million ($1.52 diluted earnings per share) was a 144 percent increase from net income of $297 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005. Second quarter 2006 pre-tax income of $1.1 billion was a 133 percent increase from $475 million earned in the second quarter of 2005. The larger percentage increase in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the permanent impact of excluding non-taxable gains and losses on equity forward contracts in the Company’s stock from taxable income. This resulted in a decrease of the effective tax rate from 37 percent in the second quarter of 2005 to 35 percent in the second quarter of 2006. Under SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity,” we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the second quarter of 2006, the unrealized gains on our outstanding equity forward contracts were $39 million versus unrealized gains of $10 million in the second quarter of 2005, both of which were caused by an increase in the Company’s stock price over each period.
      There were several factors that contributed to the increase in the pre-tax results of the second quarter of 2006 versus the year-ago quarter, the two largest of which were a $229 million increase in the net gain

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on derivative and hedging activities, and an increase in securitization gains of $409 million. The increase in net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relates to an unrealized gain for the second quarter of 2006 versus an unrealized loss in the year-ago quarter on Floor Income Contracts. The unrealized gain in the second quarter of 2006 was due to rising forward interest rates. In the year-ago quarter, forward interest rates fell resulting in an unrealized loss. Securitization gains in the second quarter of 2006 of $671 million were largely driven by the two Private Education Loan securitizations totaling $4.0 billion of student loans. In the second quarter of 2005, there was only one Private Education Loan securitization totaling $1.5 billion of student loans.
      We incurred impairment losses in the second quarter of 2006 to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $91 million versus $15 million in the year-ago quarter. The 2006 losses were primarily the result of the combined high level of Consolidation Loan activity and the impairment of Embedded Floor Income as a result of higher interest rates. The increase in year-over-year impairment losses was the major driver of the $67 million decrease in servicing and securitization revenue.
      Net interest income increased by $27 million or 8 percent year-over-year due to the 18 percent increase in average interest earning assets, offset by a 15 basis point decrease in the net interest margin. The year-over-year decrease in the net interest margin is due to the build-up in funding in anticipation of record Consolidation Loan activity as borrowers locked in lower rates before the interest rate reset on FFELP Stafford Loans. The net interest margin was also negatively impacted by a 4 basis point decrease in the on-balance sheet student loan spread, which was primarily due to lower Floor Income.
      In the second quarter of 2006, fee and other income and collections revenue totaled $257 million, an increase of 25 percent over the year-ago quarter. This increase was primarily driven by the $25 million or 60 percent increase in collections revenue.
      Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $13.6 billion, from $116.5 billion at June 30, 2005 to $130.1 billion at June 30, 2006. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $7.9 billion of student loans, including $1.7 billion in Private Education Loans, in the quarter ended June 30, 2006, versus $7.8 billion acquired in the year-ago quarter, of which $1.3 billion were Private Education Loans. In the quarter ended June 30, 2006, we originated $3.2 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 14 percent over the $2.8 billion originated in the year-ago quarter.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
      For the six months ended June 30, 2006, our net income increased by 68 percent to $875 million ($1.96 diluted earnings per share) from net income of $520 million ($1.15 diluted earnings per share) in 2005. Pre-tax income for the six months ended June 30, 2006 increased by 57 percent to $1.4 billion versus $887 million in the first six months of 2005. The larger percentage increase in year-over-year net income versus pre-tax income is primarily due to the decrease in the effective tax rate from 41 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2005 to 37 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2006, caused by the decrease in unrealized losses on equity forward contracts as described above. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, we recognized unrealized losses on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $83 million versus unrealized losses of $98 million in the first six months of 2005.
      The increase in pre-tax income is primarily due to a $389 million increase in securitization gains in the six months ended June 30, 2006. The securitization gains in the first half of 2006 were primarily driven by the two second quarter Private Education Loan securitizations referenced above. In the year-ago period, there was only one Private Education Loan securitization that had a pre-tax gain of $231 million or 15 percent of the amount securitized.
      The year-over-year results were negatively impacted by impairments of our Retained Interests in securitizations of $143 million in the first half of 2006 versus $24 million in the first half of 2005. These impairments were the primary reason for the $111 million year-over-year decrease in servicing and securitization revenue.

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      The $176 million increase in the gain on derivative and hedging activities primarily relates to unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, realized losses decreased by $127 million versus the first six months of 2005. The majority of these losses related to net settlements on Floor Income Contracts, which were offset by Floor Income earned on student loans. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts. Forward interest rates increased during the first half of both 2006 and 2005; however, during the first half of 2006, the increase in forward interest rates was greater, resulting in greater unrealized gains for the first half of 2006. These gains were partially offset by unrealized losses on basis swaps economically hedging our inflation-indexed debt.
      Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $13.6 billion, from $116.5 billion at June 30, 2005 to $130.1 billion at June 30, 2006. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $16.5 billion of student loans, including $3.6 billion in Private Education Loans, in the six months ended June 30, 2006, a 7 percent increase over the $15.3 billion acquired in the year-ago period, of which $2.6 billion were Private Education Loans. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, we originated $10.8 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 13 percent over the $9.5 billion originated in the year-ago period.
NET INTEREST INCOME
      Net interest income, including interest income and interest expense, is derived primarily from our portfolio of student loans that remain on-balance sheet and to a lesser extent from other loans, cash and investments. The “Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income” analysis below is designed to facilitate a comparison of non-taxable asset yields to taxable yields on a similar basis. Additional information regarding the return on our student loan portfolio is set forth under “Student Loan Spread — Student Loan Spread Analysis — On-Balance Sheet.” Information regarding the provisions for losses is included in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, “Allowance for Student Loan Losses.”
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income
      The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.
                                                                   
    Three Months            
    Ended June 30,   Increase   Six Months   Increase
    2006   (Decrease)   Ended June 30,   (Decrease)
                 
    2006   2005   $   %   2006   2005   $   %
                                 
Interest income:
                                                               
 
Student loans
  $ 1,412     $ 920     $ 492       53 %   $ 2,773     $ 1,749     $ 1,024       59 %
 
Other loans
    24       20       4       20       47       40       7       18  
 
Cash and investments
    125       54       71       131       221       116       105       91  
 
Taxable equivalent adjustment
    1       1                   1       2       (1 )     (50 )
                                                 
 
Total taxable equivalent interest income
    1,562       995       567       57       3,042       1,907       1,135       60  
Interest expense
    1,204       664       540       81       2,296       1,228       1,068       87  
                                                 
Taxable equivalent net interest income
  $ 358     $ 331     $ 27       8 %   $ 746     $ 679     $ 67       10 %
                                                 

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Average Balance Sheets
      The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. This table reflects the net interest margin for the entire Company on a consolidated basis.
                                   
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Balance   Rate   Balance   Rate
                 
Average Assets
                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 20,562       6.58 %   $ 20,673       4.63 %
Consolidation Loans
    52,201       6.47       43,531       5.11  
Private Education Loans
    7,961       11.77       6,376       7.98  
Other loans
    1,090       8.72       1,051       7.83  
Cash and investments
    8,867       5.67       5,206       4.24  
                         
Total interest earning assets
    90,681       6.91 %     76,837       5.20 %
                         
Non-interest earning assets
    8,648               6,627          
                         
 
Total assets
  $ 99,329             $ 83,464          
                         
Average Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                               
Short-term borrowings
  $ 4,393       5.07 %   $ 5,308       3.63 %
Long-term borrowings
    87,364       5.27       71,673       3.45  
                         
Total interest bearing liabilities
    91,757       5.26 %     76,981       3.46 %
                         
Non-interest bearing liabilities
    3,501               3,309          
Stockholders’ equity
    4,071               3,174          
                         
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 99,329             $ 83,464          
                         
Net interest margin
            1.58 %             1.73 %
                         
                                   
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Balance   Rate   Balance   Rate
                 
Average Assets
                               
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 20,045       6.39 %   $ 19,604       4.42 %
Consolidation Loans
    53,251       6.30       43,204       4.96  
Private Education Loans
    8,485       11.29       6,321       8.18  
Other loans
    1,131       8.42       1,074       7.74  
Cash and investments
    7,959       5.61       6,473       3.65  
                         
Total interest earning assets
    90,871       6.75 %     76,676       5.02 %
                         
Non-interest earning assets
    8,307               6,507          
                         
 
Total assets
  $ 99,178             $ 83,183          
                         
Average Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                               
Short-term borrowings
  $ 4,284       4.93 %   $ 4,388       3.59 %
Long-term borrowings
    87,346       5.06       72,461       3.20  
                         
Total interest bearing liabilities
    91,630       5.05 %     76,849       3.22 %
                         
Non-interest bearing liabilities
    3,600               3,267          
Stockholders’ equity
    3,948               3,067          
                         
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 99,178             $ 83,183          
                         
Net interest margin
            1.65 %             1.78 %
                         

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Rate/ Volume Analysis
      The following rate/volume analysis illustrates the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes.
                         
        Increase
        (Decrease)
    Taxable   Attributable to
    Equivalent   Change in
    Increase    
    (Decrease)   Rate   Volume
             
Three months ended June 30, 2006 vs. three months ended June 30, 2005
                       
Taxable equivalent interest income
  $ 567     $ 386     $ 181  
Interest expense
    540       413       127  
                   
Taxable equivalent net interest income
  $ 27     $ (27 )   $ 54  
                   
                         
        Increase
        (Decrease)
    Taxable   Attributable to
    Equivalent   Change in
    Increase    
    (Decrease)   Rate   Volume
             
Six months ended June 30, 2006 vs. six months ended June 30, 2005
                       
Taxable equivalent interest income
  $ 1,135     $ 761     $ 374  
Interest expense
    1,068       834       234  
                   
Taxable equivalent net interest income
  $ 67     $ (73 )   $ 140  
                   
      The decrease in the net interest margin for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 versus the year-ago periods is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under “Student Loan Spread — Student Loan Spread Analysis — On-Balance Sheet,” and to the build-up of funding in anticipation of record Consolidation Loan activity as at the end of the second quarter, borrowers locked in lower interest rates before the July 1 reset on FFELP Stafford loans.
Student Loans
      For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases.” The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through Borrower Benefits programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.
Student Loan Spread
      An important performance measure closely monitored by management is the student loan spread. The student loan spread is the difference between the income earned on the student loan assets and the interest paid on the debt funding those assets. A number of factors can affect the overall student loan spread such as:
  •  the mix of student loans in the portfolio, with Consolidation Loans having the lowest spread and Private Education Loans having the highest spread;

50


 

  •  the premiums paid, borrower fees charged and capitalized costs incurred to acquire student loans which impact the spread through subsequent amortization;
 
  •  the type and level of Borrower Benefits programs for which the student loans are eligible;
 
  •  the level of Floor Income and, when considering the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread, the amount of Floor Income-eligible loans that have been hedged through Floor Income Contracts; and
 
  •  funding and hedging costs.
      The student loan spread is highly susceptible to liquidity, funding and interest rate risk. These risks are discussed separately in our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K at “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” and in the “RISK FACTORS” discussion.
Student Loan Spread Analysis — On-Balance Sheet
      The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans on-balance sheet. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Student Loan Spread Analysis — ‘Core Earnings’ Basis.”
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
On-Balance Sheet
                               
Student loan yield, before Floor Income
    7.92 %     5.79 %     7.71 %     5.68 %
Gross Floor Income
    .04       .32       .05       .36  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
    (.67 )     (.63 )     (.67 )     (.65 )
Borrower Benefits
    (.11 )     (.11 )     (.11 )     (.14 )
Premium and discount amortization
    (.16 )     (.15 )     (.14 )     (.15 )
                         
Student loan net yield
    7.02       5.22       6.84       5.10  
Student loan cost of funds
    (5.27 )     (3.43 )     (5.05 )     (3.19 )
                         
Student loan spread
    1.75 %     1.79 %     1.79 %     1.91 %
                         
Average Balances
                               
On-balance sheet student loans
  $ 80,724     $ 70,580     $ 81,781     $ 69,129  
                         
Discussion of Student Loan Spread — Effects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting
      One of the primary drivers of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, we earned gross Floor Income of $8 million (4 basis points) and $56 million (32 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged practically all of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 totaled $8 million (4 basis points) and $52 million (30 basis points), respectively.
      In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the “gains (losses) on derivative and

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hedging activities, net” line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.
Discussion of Student Loan Spread — Effects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
      The second quarter 2006 spread includes $10 million or 5 basis points of income associated with non-recurring SAP that we accrued on PLUS loans as a result of program changes required by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (“Reconciliation Legislation”).
      In the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, the increase in premium amortization is largely due to the write-off of unamortized premiums on loans consolidated with third parties. In addition, in the second quarter of 2006, we increased the Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) for our FFELP Stafford loan portfolio in response to the increased rate of loan prepayments occurring through consolidation.
      In the second quarter of 2005, we revised our estimates regarding the qualification for Borrower Benefits which resulted in a reduction of the liability for Borrower Benefits of $7 million or 4 basis points. In addition, in the second quarter of 2005, we reduced student loan interest income by $14 million or 9 basis points to reflect a revision of our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income.
      In both the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, there was an increase in Consolidation Loan activity as FFELP Stafford borrowers locked in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans through the Direct Loan Program continued in the second quarter of 2006 from the backlog of processing applications after the March 31, 2006 prohibition (see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Student Loan Activity” for further discussion). This increase in Consolidation Loan activity resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for both FFELP Stafford and Consolidation Loans consolidated with third parties. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student loan spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of the Borrower Benefits liability associated with these loans. Furthermore, in both the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, we accrued a net write-off to our Borrower Benefits liability for loans whose consolidation applications had been received but not yet processed by June 30th, resulting in a further reduction to Borrower Benefits expense.
Discussion of Student Loan Spread — Other Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
      When compared to the prior year, the 2006 student loan spread benefited from the 25 percent increase in the average balance of Private Education Loans, which now constitutes 10 percent of the total average balance of on-balance sheet student loans versus 9 percent in the prior year. Also, the portfolio of on-balance sheet Private Education Loans in the second quarter of 2006 had higher average spreads than the on-balance sheet Private Education Loans in the second quarter of 2005.
Floor Income
      For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income whereas payments on Floor Income Contracts are included in the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line in other income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income

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from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                                 
    Three Months Ended
     
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Fixed   Variable       Fixed   Variable    
    Borrower   Borrower       Borrower   Borrower    
    Rate   Rate   Total   Rate   Rate   Total
                         
Floor Income:
                                               
Gross Floor Income
  $ 8     $     $ 8     $ 56     $     $ 56  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts
    (8 )           (8 )     (52 )           (52 )
                                     
Net Floor Income
  $     $     $     $ 4     $     $ 4  
                                     
Net Floor Income in basis points
                      2             2  
                                     
                                                 
    Six Months Ended
     
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Fixed   Variable       Fixed   Variable    
    Borrower   Borrower       Borrower   Borrower    
    Rate   Rate   Total   Rate   Rate   Total
                         
Floor Income:
                                               
Gross Floor Income
  $ 22     $     $ 22     $ 122     $     $ 122  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts
    (22 )           (22 )     (112 )           (112 )
                                     
Net Floor Income
  $     $     $     $ 10     $     $ 10  
                                     
Net Floor Income in basis points
                      3             3  
                                     
      The decrease in Floor Income for the three months ended June 30, 2006 versus the same period in 2005 is due to an increase in short-term interest rates.
      As discussed in more detail under “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES — Securitization Activities,” when we securitize a portfolio of student loans, we estimate the future Fixed Rate Embedded Floor Income earned on off-balance sheet student loans using a discounted cash flow option pricing model and recognize the fair value of such cash flows in the initial gain on sale and subsequent valuations of the Residual Interest. Variable Rate Embedded Floor Income is recognized as earned in servicing and securitization revenue.
FEDERAL AND STATE TAXES
      The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was 35 percent versus 37 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2005 and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was 37 percent versus 41 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2005. The effective tax rate reflects the permanent impact of the exclusion of the gains or losses on equity forward contracts recognized under SFAS No. 150.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
      The results of operations of the Company’s Lending and Debt Management Operations (“DMO”) operating segments are presented below. These defined business segments operate in distinct business environments and are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company’s financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other reportable segment for financial reporting purposes.

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      The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In addition to evaluating the Company’s GAAP-based financial information, management, including the Company’s chief operation decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on their profitability on a basis that, as allowed under SFAS No. 131, differs from GAAP. We refer to management’s basis of evaluating our segment results as “Core Earnings” presentations for each business segment and we refer to these performance measures in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. Accordingly, information regarding the Company’s reportable segments is provided herein based on “Core Earnings,” which are discussed in detail below.
      Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting and as a result, our management reporting is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company’s operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
      “Core Earnings” are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company’s financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While “Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on “Core Earnings” in operating its business because “Core Earnings” permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of our operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect “Core Earnings” which is reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company’s reportable segments. A further discussion regarding “Core Earnings” is included under “Limitations of ‘Core Earnings”’ and “Pre-tax Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP by Business Segment.”
      The Lending operating segment includes all discussion of income and related expenses associated with the net interest margin, the student loan spread and its components, the provisions for loan losses, and other fees earned on our Managed portfolio of student loans. The DMO operating segment reflects the fees earned and expenses incurred in providing accounts receivable management and collection services. Our Corporate and Other reportable segment includes our remaining fee businesses and other corporate expenses that do not pertain directly to the primary segments identified above.

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    Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2006
     
        Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other
             
Interest income:
                       
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 719     $     $  
 
Consolidation Loans
    1,114              
 
Private Education Loans
    485              
 
Other loans
    24              
 
Cash and investments
    170             1  
                   
Total interest income
    2,512             1  
Total interest expense
    1,904       5       1  
                   
Net interest income
    608       (5 )      
Less: provisions for losses
    60              
                   
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    548       (5 )      
Fee income
          90       33  
Collections revenue
          67        
Other income
    51             24  
Operating expenses(1)
    163       85       50  
                   
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    436       67       7  
Income tax expense(2)
    161       26       2  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          1        
                   
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 275     $ 40     $ 5  
                   
 
 
  (1)  Operating expenses for the Lending, DMO, and Corporate and Other business segments include $8 million, $2 million, and $4 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
  (2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

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    Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2005
     
        Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other
             
Interest income:
                       
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 582     $     $  
 
Consolidation Loans
    667              
 
Private Education Loans
    247              
 
Other loans
    20              
 
Cash and investments
    77             1  
                   
Total interest income
    1,593             1  
Total interest expense
    1,073       4       1  
                   
Net interest income
    520       (4 )      
Less: provisions for losses
    14              
                   
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    506       (4 )      
Fee income
          82       26  
Collections revenue
          42        
Other income
    36             29  
Operating expenses(1)
    141       67       63  
                   
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    401       53       (8 )
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)
    148       20       (3 )
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1       1        
                   
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $ 252     $ 32     $ (5 )
                   
 
 
  (1)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between our business segments. Balances for the three months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
 
  (2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

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    Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2006
     
        Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other
             
Interest income:
                       
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,369     $     $  
 
Consolidation Loans
    2,142              
 
Private Education Loans
    914              
 
Other loans
    47              
 
Cash and investments
    300             2  
                   
Total interest income
    4,772             2  
Total interest expense
    3,562       11       3  
                   
Net interest income
    1,210       (11 )     (1 )
Less: provisions for losses
    135              
                   
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    1,075       (11 )     (1 )
Fee income
          182       60  
Collections revenue
          124        
Other income
    92             55  
Operating expenses(1)
    324       175       109  
                   
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    843       120       5  
Income tax expense(2)
    312       44       2  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          3        
                   
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 531     $ 73     $ 3  
                   
 
 
  (1)  Operating expenses for the Lending, DMO, and Corporate and Other business segments include $18 million, $5 million, and $9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
  (2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

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    Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2005
     
        Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other
             
Interest income:
                       
 
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
  $ 1,092     $     $  
 
Consolidation Loans
    1,248              
 
Private Education Loans
    474              
 
Other loans
    40              
 
Cash and investments
    156             2  
                   
Total interest income
    3,010             2  
Total interest expense
    1,991       8       3  
                   
Net interest income
    1,019       (8 )     (1 )
Less: provisions for losses
    69              
                   
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    950       (8 )     (1 )
Fee income
          168       58  
Collections revenue
          77        
Other income
    72             61  
Operating expenses(1)
    275       132       114  
                   
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    747       105       4  
Income tax expense(2)
    277       39       1  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    2       2        
                   
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 468     $ 64     $ 3  
                   
 
 
  (1)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between our business segments. Balances for the six months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
 
  (2)  Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
Limitations of “Core Earnings”
      While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that “Core Earnings” are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company’s results of operations. Nevertheless, “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, “Core Earnings” reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company’s performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company’s board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
      Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive “Core Earnings” results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment,” as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective

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because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a “Core Earnings” basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation of this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our “Core Earnings” presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our “Core Earnings” results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may understate earnings in certain periods. Management’s financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-tax differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP by Business Segment
      Our “Core Earnings” are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a “Core Earnings” basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our “Core Earnings” are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company’s core business activities. “Core Earnings” net income reflects only current period adjustments to GAAP net income, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
                                                   
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Corporate       Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other   Lending   DMO   and Other
                         
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                               
 
Net impact of securitization accounting
  $ 502     $     $     $ 107     $     $  
 
Net impact of derivative accounting
    126             39       (21 )           10  
 
Net impact of Floor Income
    (52 )                 (51 )            
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
    (13 )     (4 )     (1 )     (12 )     (3 )     (1 )
                                     
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 563     $ (4 )   $ 38     $ 23     $ (3 )   $ 9  
                                     
                                                   
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
        Corporate       Corporate
    Lending   DMO   and Other   Lending   DMO   and Other
                         
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
                                               
 
Net impact of securitization accounting
  $ 440     $     $     $ 75     $     $  
 
Net impact of derivative accounting
    209             (83 )     177             (98 )
 
Net impact of Floor Income
    (105 )                 (94 )            
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
    (22 )     (8 )     (2 )     (21 )     (5 )     (3 )
                                     
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 522     $ (8 )   $ (85 )   $ 137     $ (5 )   $ (101 )
                                     

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      1) Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending operating segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation for the Lending operating segment, we present all securitization transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront “gains” on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing “servicing and securitization revenue” presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from “Core Earnings” net income and replaced by the interest income, provisions for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from “Core Earnings” net income as they are considered intercompany transactions on a “Core Earnings” basis.
      The following table summarizes the securitization adjustments in our Lending operating segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
“Core Earnings” securitization adjustments:
                               
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses
  $ (242 )   $ (295 )   $ (430 )   $ (515 )
Gains on student loan securitizations
    671       262       701       312  
Servicing and securitization revenue
    83       150       182       293  
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts
    (10 )     (10 )     (13 )     (15 )
                         
Total “Core Earnings” securitization adjustments
  $ 502     $ 107     $ 440     $ 75  
                         
      2) Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” net income excludes periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in our Lending operating segment, and to a lesser degree in our Corporate and Other reportable segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. Under the Company’s “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. “Core Earnings” also excludes the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that under SFAS No. 133, are required to be accounted for as derivatives and are marked-to-market through earnings.
      SFAS No. 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts, certain Eurodollar futures contracts and certain basis swaps and equity forward contracts (discussed in detail below), do not qualify for “hedge treatment” as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. The gains and losses described in “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” are primarily caused by interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment.
      Our Floor Income Contracts are written options that must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness under SFAS No. 133. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the paydown of principal of the student loans with the embedded Floor Income does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Under SFAS No. 133, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is

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economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.
      Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to change the index of our floating rate debt to better match the cash flows of our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to a commercial paper, Prime or Treasury bill index. SFAS No. 133 requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk, however they do not meet this effectiveness test because our FFELP student loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates. We also have basis swaps that do not meet the SFAS No. 133 effectiveness test that economically hedge off-balance sheet instruments. As a result, under GAAP these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the income statement.
      Generally, a decrease in current interest rates and the respective forward interest rate curves results in an unrealized loss related to our written Floor Income Contracts which is offset by an increase in the value of the economically hedged student loans. This increase is not recognized in income. We will experience unrealized gains/losses related to our basis swaps if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.
      Under SFAS No. 150, equity forward contracts that allow a net settlement option either in cash or the Company’s stock are required to be accounted for as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133. As a result, we account for our equity forward contracts as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and mark them to market through earnings. They do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges, as a requirement to achieve hedge accounting is the hedged item must impact net income and the settlement of these contracts through the purchase of our own stock does not impact net income.
      The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 on our net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the SFAS No. 133 implementation.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:
                               
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1)
  $ 123     $ (106 )   $ 36     $ (140 )
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    41       94       89       216  
                         
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    164       (12 )     125       76  
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments
    1       1       1       3  
                         
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting
  $ 165     $ (11 )   $ 126     $ 79  
                         
 
 
  (1)  See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of both the realized and unrealized losses on derivative and hedging activities.

61


 

Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
      SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and where they are reclassified to on a “Core Earnings” basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Reclassification of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities:
                               
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income
  $ (12 )   $ (77 )   $ (33 )   $ (165 )
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income
    (29 )     (17 )     (56 )     (46 )
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income
                      (5 )
                         
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities
    (41 )     (94 )     (89 )     (216 )
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    164       (12 )     125       76  
                         
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ 123     $ (106 )   $ 36     $ (140 )
                         
 
 
  (1)  “Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” is comprised of the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):
                                 
    Three    
    Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Floor Income Contracts
  $ 88     $ (146 )   $ 232     $ 122  
Equity forward contracts
    39       10       (83 )     (98 )
Basis swaps
    14       127       (68 )     67  
Other
    23       (3 )     44       (15 )
                         
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ 164     $ (12 )   $ 125     $ 76  
                         
      3) Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending operating segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads. Therefore, we exclude such income from “Core Earnings” net income when it is not economically hedged. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in “Derivative Accounting,” these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore, under GAAP, they are marked-to-market through the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For “Core Earnings” net income, we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts’ realized gains or losses) in income.

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      The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending operating segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
“Core Earnings” Floor Income adjustments:
                               
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts
  $     $ 6     $     $ 17  
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income
    (52 )     (57 )     (105 )     (111 )
                         
Total “Core Earnings” Floor Income adjustments
  $ (52 )   $ (51 )   $ (105 )   $ (94 )
                         
      4) Other Items: We exclude goodwill impairment and amortization of acquired intangibles. These amounts totaled $18 million and $16 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, and $32 million and $29 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT
      In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford Loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.

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      The following table summarizes the “Core Earnings” results of operations for our Lending business segment.
                                                   
            %           %
        Increase       Increase
    Three Months   (Decrease)   Six Months   (Decrease)
    Ended June 30,       Ended June 30,    
        2006 vs.       2006 vs.
    2006   2005   2005   2006   2005   2005
                         
“Core Earnings” interest income:
                                               
 
FFELP and Other Student Loans
  $ 719     $ 582       24 %   $ 1,369     $ 1,092       25 %
 
Consolidation loans
    1,114       667       67       2,142       1,248       72  
 
Private Education Loans
    485       247       96       914       474       93  
 
Other loans
    24       20       20       47       40       18  
 
Cash and investments
    170       77       121       300       156       92  
                                     
Total “Core Earnings” interest income
    2,512       1,593       58       4,772       3,010       59  
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense
    1,904       1,073       77       3,562       1,991       79  
                                     
Net “Core Earnings” interest income
    608       520       17       1,210       1,019       19  
Less: provisions for losses
    60       14       329       135       69       96  
                                     
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provisions for losses
    548       506       8       1,075       950       13  
Other income
    51       36       42       92       72       28  
Operating expenses(1)(2)
    163       141       16       324       275       18  
                                     
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    436       401       9       843       747       13  
Income taxes
    161       148       9       312       277       13  
                                     
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    275       253       9       531       470       13  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
          1       (100 )           2       (100 )
                                     
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 275     $ 252       9 %   $ 531     $ 468       13 %
                                     
 
(1)  The three and six months ended June 30, 2006 operating expenses for the Lending segment include $8 million and $18 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
(2)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between our business segments. Balances for the three and six months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.

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Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio
      The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.
Ending Balances (net of allowance for loan losses):
                                           
    June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet:
                                       
 
In-school
  $ 7,469     $     $ 7,469     $ 2,487     $ 9,956  
 
Grace and repayment
    13,512       53,264       66,776       4,894       71,670  
                               
Total on-balance sheet, gross
    20,981       53,264       74,245       7,381       81,626  
On-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount)
    417       801       1,218       (296 )     922  
On-balance sheet allowance for losses
    (7 )     (10 )     (17 )     (252 )     (269 )
                               
Total on-balance sheet, net
    21,391       54,055       75,446       6,833       82,279  
                               
Off-balance sheet:
                                       
 
In-school
    2,812             2,812       3,954       6,766  
 
Grace and repayment
    17,412       14,746       32,158       8,602       40,760  
                               
Total off-balance sheet, gross
    20,224       14,746       34,970       12,556       47,526  
Off-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount)
    323       397       720       (274 )     446  
Off-balance sheet allowance for losses
    (12 )     (3 )     (15 )     (92 )     (107 )
                               
Total off-balance sheet, net
    20,535       15,140       35,675       12,190       47,865  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 41,926     $ 69,195     $ 111,121     $ 19,023     $ 130,144  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    28 %     72 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    38 %     62 %     100 %                
% of total
    32 %     53 %     85 %     15 %     100 %
                                           
    December 31, 2005
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet:
                                       
 
In-school
  $ 6,910     $     $ 6,910     $ 3,432     $ 10,342  
 
Grace and repayment
    12,705       54,033       66,738       4,834       71,572  
                               
Total on-balance sheet, gross
    19,615       54,033       73,648       8,266       81,914  
On-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount)
    379       835       1,214       (305 )     909  
On-balance sheet allowance for losses
    (6 )     (9 )     (15 )     (204 )     (219 )
                               
Total on-balance sheet, net
    19,988       54,859       74,847       7,757       82,604  
                               
Off-balance sheet:
                                       
 
In-school
    2,962             2,962       2,540       5,502  
 
Grace and repayment
    17,410       10,272       27,682       6,406       34,088  
                               
Total off-balance sheet, gross
    20,372       10,272       30,644       8,946       39,590  
Off-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount)
    306       305       611       (188 )     423  
Off-balance sheet allowance for losses
    (8 )     (2 )     (10 )     (78 )     (88 )
                               
Total off-balance sheet, net
    20,670       10,575       31,245       8,680       39,925  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 40,658     $ 65,434     $ 106,092     $ 16,437     $ 122,529  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    27 %     73 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    38 %     62 %     100 %                
% of total
    33 %     54 %     87 %     13 %     100 %
 
(1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans, but also includes federally insured PLUS and HEAL loans.

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Average Balances:
                                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet
  $ 20,562     $ 52,201     $ 72,763     $ 7,961     $ 80,724  
Off-balance sheet
    22,065       14,881       36,946       10,770       47,716  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 42,627     $ 67,082     $ 109,709     $ 18,731     $ 128,440  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    28 %     72 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    39 %     61 %     100 %                
% of Total
    33 %     52 %     85 %     15 %     100 %
                                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet
  $ 20,673     $ 43,531     $ 64,204     $ 6,376     $ 70,580  
Off-balance sheet
    26,912       9,819       36,731       7,060       43,791  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 47,585     $ 53,350     $ 100,935     $ 13,436     $ 114,371  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    32 %     68 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    47 %     53 %     100 %                
% of Total
    41 %     47 %     88 %     12 %     100 %
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet
  $ 20,045     $ 53,251     $ 73,296     $ 8,485     $ 81,781  
Off-balance sheet
    21,926       13,267       35,193       9,716       44,909  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 41,971     $ 66,518     $ 108,489     $ 18,201     $ 126,690  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    27 %     73 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    39 %     61 %     100 %                
% of Total
    33 %     53 %     86 %     14 %     100 %
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Total   Education    
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
                     
On-balance sheet
  $ 19,603     $ 43,205     $ 62,808     $ 6,321     $ 69,129  
Off-balance sheet
    27,578       8,661       36,239       6,607       42,846  
                               
Total Managed
  $ 47,181     $ 51,866     $ 99,047     $ 12,928     $ 111,975  
                               
% of on-balance sheet FFELP
    31 %     69 %     100 %                
% of Managed FFELP
    48 %     52 %     100 %                
% of Total
    42 %     46 %     88 %     12 %     100 %
 
 
  (1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans, but also includes federally insured PLUS and HEAL loans.

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Student Loan Spread Analysis — “Core Earnings” Basis
      The following table analyzes the earnings from our portfolio of Managed student loans on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “BUSINESS SEGMENTS — Pre-tax differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP by Business Segment”). The “Core Earnings” Basis Student Loan Spread Analysis presentation and certain components used in the calculation differ from the On-Balance Sheet Student Loan Spread Analysis presentation. The “Core Earnings” basis presentation, when compared to our on-balance sheet presentation, is different in that it:
  •  includes the net interest margin related to our off-balance sheet student loan securitization trusts. This includes any related fees or costs such as the Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees, premium/discount amortization and Borrower Benefits yield adjustments;
 
  •  includes the reclassification of certain derivative net settlement amounts. The net settlements on certain derivatives that do not qualify as SFAS No. 133 hedges and are recorded as part of the unrealized gain on derivative and hedging activities for GAAP purposes are reclassified to the line item on the income statement that such derivative is economically hedging for the “Core Earnings” basis presentation. For our “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our written Floor Income Contracts to student loan interest income and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our basis swaps to debt interest expense;
 
  •  excludes unhedged Floor Income earned on the Managed student loan portfolio; and
 
  •  includes the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts in student loan income that we believe are economically hedging the Floor Income.
      As discussed above, these differences result in the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread not being a GAAP-basis presentation. Management relies on this measure to manage our Lending business segment. Specifically, management uses the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread to evaluate the overall economic effect that certain factors have on all student loans either on- or off-balance sheet. These factors include the overall mix of student loans in our portfolio, acquisition costs, Borrower Benefits program costs, Floor Income and funding and hedging costs. Management believes that it is important to evaluate all of these factors on a “Core Earnings” basis to gain additional information about the economic effect of these factors on all student loans under management. Management believes that this additional information assists us in making strategic decisions about the Company’s business model for the Lending business segment, including among other factors, how we acquire or originate student loans, how we fund acquisitions and originations, what Borrower Benefits we offer and what type of loans we purchase or originate. While management believes that the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread is an important tool for evaluating the Company’s performance for the reasons described above, it is subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. See “BUSINESS SEGMENTS —

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Limitations of ‘Core Earnings.”’ One specific limitation is that the “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread includes the spread on loans that we have sold to securitization trusts.
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
“Core earnings” basis student loan yield
    8.04 %     5.92 %     7.82 %     5.79 %
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
    (.54 )     (.48 )     (.54 )     (.48 )
Borrower Benefits
    (.07 )     (.04 )     (.07 )     (.07 )
Premium and discount amortization
    (.19 )     (.16 )     (.17 )     (.17 )
                         
“Core earnings” basis student loan net yield
    7.24       5.24       7.04       5.07  
“Core earnings” basis student loan cost of funds
    (5.38 )     (3.50 )     (5.18 )     (3.30 )
                         
“Core earnings” basis student loan spread
    1.86 %     1.74 %     1.86 %     1.77 %
                         
Average Balances
                               
On-balance sheet student loans
  $ 80,724     $ 70,580     $ 81,781     $ 69,129  
Off-balance sheet student loans
    47,716       43,791       44,909       42,846  
                         
Managed student loans
  $ 128,440     $ 114,371     $ 126,690     $ 111,975  
                         
Discussion of “Core Earnings” Basis Student Loan Spread — Effects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
      The second quarter 2006 spread includes $18 million or 6 basis points of income associated with non-recurring SAP that we accrued on PLUS loans in connection with the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005.
      In the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, the increase in premium amortization is largely due to the write-off of unamortized premiums on loans consolidated with third parties. In addition, in the second quarter of 2006, we increased the CPR for our FFELP Stafford loan portfolio in response to the increased rate of loan prepayments occurring through consolidation. In the second quarter of 2005, we revised our estimates regarding the qualification for Borrower Benefits which resulted in a reduction of the liability for Borrower Benefits of $13 million or 5 basis points.
      In the second quarter of 2005, we reduced student loan interest income by $16 million or 6 basis points to reflect a revision of our estimates pertaining to our non-accrual policy for interest income.
      In both the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, there was an increase in Consolidation Loan activity as FFELP Stafford borrowers locked in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans through the Direct Loan Program continued in the second quarter of 2006 from the backlog of processing applications after the March 31, 2006 prohibition (see “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Student Loan Activity” for further discussion). The increase in consolidations resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for both FFELP Stafford and Consolidation Loans consolidated with third parties in the second quarter. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student loan spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of the Borrower Benefits liability associated with these loans. Furthermore, in both the second quarters of 2006 and 2005, we accrued a net write-off to our Borrower Benefits liability for loans whose consolidation applications had been received but not yet processed by June 30th, resulting in reductions to Borrower Benefits expense.
Discussion of “Core Earnings” Basis Student Loan Spread — Other Quarter-over Quarter Fluctuations
      The average balance of Managed Private Education Loans now represents 15 percent of the average Managed student loan portfolio, up from 12 percent in the second quarter of 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher “Core Earnings” basis student loan spreads,

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which averaged 5.07 percent and 4.57 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio, excluding the effect of non-recurring items. The “Core Earnings” basis student loan spread for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio was 1.24 percent and 1.38 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, excluding the effect of non-recurring items.
Floor Income — Managed Basis
      The following table analyzes the ability of the FFELP student loans in our Managed student loan portfolio to earn Floor Income after June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                                   
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Fixed   Variable       Fixed   Variable    
    Borrower   Borrower       Borrower   Borrower    
    Rate   Rate   Total   Rate   Rate   Total
                         
(Dollars in billions)                        
Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income:
                                               
 
On-balance sheet student loans
  $ 52.5     $ 19.7     $ 72.2     $ 43.3     $ 16.8     $ 60.1  
 
Off-balance sheet student loans
    14.7       19.8       34.5       10.9       22.5       33.4  
                                     
Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income
    67.2       39.5       106.7       54.2       39.3       93.5  
Less: notional amount of Floor Income Contracts
    (24.5 )           (24.5 )     (26.2 )           (26.2 )
                                     
Net Managed student loans eligible to earn Floor Income
  $ 42.7     $ 39.5     $ 82.2     $ 28.0     $ 39.3     $ 67.3  
                                     
Net Managed student loans earning Floor Income
  $     $     $     $ 1.8     $     $ 1.8  
                                     
      The reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans has had an unanticipated impact on Consolidation Loans underlying Floor Income Contracts. The Floor Income Contracts are economically hedging the fixed borrower interest rate earned on Consolidation Loans. Generally, Consolidation Loans are eligible to earn Floor Income, and over time we have sold Floor Income Contracts to hedge the potential Floor Income from specifically identified pools of Consolidation Loans. The balance of the Floor Income Contracts did not anticipate the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans and as a consequence, higher rate Consolidation Loans that underlie certain contracts have been reconsolidated. As a result, as of June 30, 2006, the notional amount of Floor Income Contracts roughly equals the outstanding balance of the Consolidation Loans that the Floor Income Contracts were hedging. Recently passed legislation discontinues reconsolidation June 30, 2006, and, on March 17, 2006, ED issued a “Dear Colleague” letter that prohibits the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans through the Direct Lending program unless the borrower applied for a Direct Loan consolidation by March 31, 2006. Since we were close to parity between the floor eligible loans and Floor Income Contracts at March 31, 2006, the processing of the backlog of reconsolidation applications in the second quarter has resulted in the balance of Floor Income Contracts for certain strikes exceeding the balance of the loans for those strikes on an immaterial notional value of those contracts, leaving us in a slightly oversold position. As of June 30, 2006, we have substantially processed the backlog of reconsolidation applications so we do not anticipate a material increase in our oversold position going forward.

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      The following table presents a projection of the average Managed balance of Consolidation Loans whose Fixed Rate Floor Income has already been economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts for the period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2010. These loans are both on- and off-balance sheet and the related hedges do not qualify under SFAS No. 133 accounting as effective hedges.
                                         
    July 1, 2006 to                
    December 31, 2006   2007   2008   2009   2010
                     
(Dollars in billions)                    
Average balance of Consolidation Loans whose Floor Income is economically hedged (Managed Basis)
  $ 25     $ 16     $ 15     $ 10     $ 2  
                               
Private Education Loans
      All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. When we securitize Private Education Loans, we no longer own the loans and they are accounted for off-balance sheet. For our Managed presentation in the table below, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided and then provide for these loans in the off-balance sheet section with the total of both on and off-balance sheet residing in the Managed presentation.
      When Private Education Loans in the majority of our securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212-day delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP for loans repurchased at day 180 are reversed and the full amount is charged off at day 212.
      The off-balance sheet allowance is increasing as more loans are securitized but is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage when measured as a percentage of ending loans in repayment because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet, as described above. Additionally, a larger percentage of the off-balance sheet loan borrowers are still in-school status and not required to make payments on their loans. Once repayment begins, the allowance requirements increase to reflect the increased risk of loss as loans enter repayment.
Activity in the Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
      The provision for student loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio of Private Education Loans.

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      The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                                   
    Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
     
    On-Balance Sheet   Off-Balance Sheet   Managed Basis
             
    Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended
             
    June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
                         
Allowance at beginning of period
  $ 232     $ 191     $ 91     $ 150     $ 323     $ 341  
 
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    62       36       (7 )     (4 )     55       32  
 
Change in estimate
          40             (60 )           (20 )
                                     
Total provision
    62       76       (7 )     (64 )     55       12  
 
Charge-offs
    (36 )     (38 )     (4 )     (1 )     (40 )     (39 )
 
Recoveries
    6       5                   6       5  
                                     
 
Net charge-offs
    (30 )     (33 )     (4 )     (1 )     (34 )     (34 )
                                     
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans
    264       234       80       85       344       319  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans
    (12 )     (6 )     12       6              
                                     
Allowance at end of period
  $ 252     $ 228     $ 92     $ 91     $ 344     $ 319  
                                     
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    3.13 %     4.33 %     .32 %     .13 %     1.52 %     2.04 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    3.55 %     3.61 %     .75 %     1.21 %     1.78 %     2.31 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    6.66 %     7.41 %     1.61 %     2.32 %     3.62 %     4.56 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
    2.09       1.73       5.63       19.64       2.52       2.34  
Average total loans
  $ 7,961     $ 6,376     $ 10,770     $ 7,060     $ 18,731     $ 13,436  
Ending total loans
  $ 7,085     $ 6,325     $ 12,282     $ 7,493     $ 19,367     $ 13,818  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 3,838     $ 3,042     $ 5,163     $ 3,655     $ 9,001     $ 6,697  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 3,777     $ 3,078     $ 5,731     $ 3,926     $ 9,508     $ 7,004  
      In general the provision for loans can fluctuate quarter to quarter due to the seasonality of loans entering repayment. The majority of loans typically enter repayment in the second and fourth quarters. This increase in loans entering repayment often leads to a near-term increase in early-stage delinquencies, or forbearance usage in the first and third quarters with some residual effect in the fourth quarter for the affected borrowers. This in turn, leads to higher provisions for those quarters. Therefore, all other factors being equal, the provision for loan losses in the second quarter will be lower.
      In the second quarter of 2005, we enhanced our allowance methodology whereby we now use a status based reserving methodology and provide for losses inherent in the portfolio over a shorter period of time. The “change in estimate” adjustment in 2005 reflects the cumulative effect of that change.

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    Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
     
    On-Balance Sheet   Off-Balance Sheet   Managed Basis
             
    Six Months Ended   Six Months Ended   Six Months Ended
             
    June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,   June 30,
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
                         
Allowance at beginning of period
  $ 204     $ 172     $ 78     $ 143     $ 282     $ 315  
 
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    116       79       6       4       122       83  
 
Change in estimate
          40             (60 )           (20 )
                                     
Total provision
    116       119       6       (56 )     122       63  
 
Charge-offs
    (69 )     (66 )     (4 )     (2 )     (73 )     (68 )
 
Recoveries
    13       9                   13       9  
                                     
 
Net charge-offs
    (56 )     (57 )     (4 )     (2 )     (60 )     (59 )
                                     
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans
    264       234       80       85       344       319  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans
    (12 )     (6 )     12       6              
                                     
Allowance at end of period
  $ 252     $ 228     $ 92     $ 91     $ 344     $ 319  
                                     
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    3.05 %     3.86 %     .16 %     .14 %     1.37 %     1.81 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    3.55 %     3.61 %     .75 %     1.21 %     1.78 %     2.31 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    6.66 %     7.41 %     1.61 %     2.32 %     3.62 %     4.56 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
    2.22       2.00       11.01       18.32       2.82       2.68  
Average total loans
  $ 8,485     $ 6,321     $ 9,716     $ 6,607     $ 18,201     $ 12,928  
Ending total loans
  $ 7,085     $ 6,325     $ 12,282     $ 7,493     $ 19,367     $ 13,818  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 3,720     $ 2,960     $ 5,191     $ 3,639     $ 8,911     $ 6,599  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 3,777     $ 3,078     $ 5,731     $ 3,926     $ 9,508     $ 7,004  

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Delinquencies
      The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of June 30, 2006 and 2005. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.
                                   
    On-Balance Sheet Private Education
    Loan Delinquencies
     
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Balance   %   Balance   %
                 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 3,305             $ 3,307          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    299               190          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                               
 
Loans current
    3,353       88.8 %     2,756       89.5 %
 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    176       4.7       133       4.4  
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    100       2.6       69       2.2  
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    148       3.9       120       3.9  
                         
 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    3,777       100 %     3,078       100 %
                         
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    7,381               6,575          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (296 )             (250 )        
                         
Total Private Education Loans
    7,085               6,325          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (252 )             (228 )        
                         
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 6,833             $ 6,097          
                         
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    51.2 %             46.8 %        
                         
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    11.2 %             10.5 %        
                         
 
 
  (1)  Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
  (2)  Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
  (3)  The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

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    Off-Balance Sheet Private Education
    Loan Delinquencies
     
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Balance   %   Balance   %
                 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 6,074             $ 3,308          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    751               400          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                               
 
Loans current
    5,483       95.7 %     3,749       95.5 %
 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    151       2.6       96       2.4  
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    50       .9       35       1.0  
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    47       .8       46       1.1  
                         
 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    5,731       100 %     3,926       100 %
                         
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    12,556               7,634          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (274 )             (141 )        
                         
Total Private Education Loans
    12,282               7,493          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (92 )             (91 )        
                         
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 12,190             $ 7,402          
                         
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    45.6 %             51.4 %        
                         
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    4.3 %             4.5 %        
                         
 
 
  (1)  Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
  (2)  Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
  (3)  The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

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    Managed Private Education
    Loan Delinquencies
     
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Balance   %   Balance   %
                 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 9,379             $ 6,615          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    1,050               590          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                               
 
Loans current
    8,836       92.9 %     6,505       92.9 %
 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    327       3.4       229       3.2  
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    150       1.6       104       1.5  
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    195       2.1       166       2.4  
                         
 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    9,508       100 %     7,004       100 %
                         
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    19,937               14,209          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (570 )             (391 )        
                         
Total Private Education Loans
    19,367               13,818          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (344 )             (319 )        
                         
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 19,023             $ 13,499          
                         
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    47.7 %             49.3 %        
                         
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    7.1 %             7.1 %        
                         
 
 
  (1)  Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
  (2)  Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
  (3)  The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
Forbearance — Managed Basis Private Education Loans
      Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers’ repayment capability improves between the time the loan is made and the time they enter the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Forbearance is also granted to borrowers who may experience temporary hardship after entering repayment, when we believe that it will increase the likelihood of ultimate collection of the loan. Such forbearance is only granted within established guidelines and is closely monitored for compliance. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time. When a loan that was delinquent prior to receiving forbearance ends forbearance and re-enters repayment, that loan is returned to current status.

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      Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At June 30, 2006, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance was 12.3 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage declined to 4.4 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 74 percent of our Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves.
      The tables below show the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment.
                                         
    Months Since Entering Repayment
     
        More than   After    
    1 to 24   25 to 48   48   June 30,    
    Months   Months   Months   2006(1)   Total
                     
June 30, 2006
                                       
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
  $     $     $     $ 9,379     $ 9,379  
Loans in forbearance
    776       194       80             1,050  
Loans in repayment — current
    5,184       2,024       1,628             8,836  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
    180       87       60             327  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
    90       37       23             150  
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
    101       60       34             195  
                               
Total
  $ 6,331     $ 2,402     $ 1,825     $ 9,379       19,937  
                               
Unamortized discount
                                    (570 )
Allowance for loan losses
                                    (344 )
                               
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net
                                  $ 19,023  
                               
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    12.3 %     8.1 %     4.4 %     %     9.9 %
                               
 
 
  (1)  Includes all loans in-school/grace/deferment.

76


 

                                         
    Months Since Entering Repayment
     
        More than   After    
    1 to 24   25 to 48   48   June 30,    
    Months   Months   Months   2005(1)   Total
                     
June 30, 2005
                                       
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
  $     $     $     $ 6,615     $ 6,615  
Loans in forbearance
    437       106       47             590  
Loans in repayment — current
    3,728       1,515       1,262             6,505  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
    120       65       44             229  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
    57       30       17             104  
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
    80       55       31             166  
                               
Total
  $ 4,422     $ 1,771     $ 1,401     $ 6,615       14,209  
                               
Unamortized discount
                                    (391 )
Allowance for loan losses
                                    (319 )
                               
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net
                                  $ 13,499  
                               
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    9.9 %     6.0 %     3.4 %     %     7.8 %
                               
 
 
  (1)  Includes all loans in-school/grace/deferment.
     The table below stratifies the portfolio of Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used forbearance as of the dates indicated. As detailed in the table below, 8 percent of loans currently in forbearance have deferred their loan repayment more than 24 months, which is 2 percent lower than the year-ago period.
                                 
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
         
    Forbearance   % of   Forbearance   % of
    Balance   Total   Balance   Total
                 
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance
                               
Up to 12 months
  $ 753       72 %   $ 426       72 %
13 to 24 months
    214       20       117       20  
25 to 36 months
    57       5       32       5  
More than 36 months
    26       3       15       3  
                         
Total
  $ 1,050       100 %   $ 590       100 %
                         

77


 

Total Loan Net Charge-offs
      The following tables summarize the net charge-offs for all loan types on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Almost all Private Education Loan charge-offs occur on-balance sheet due to the contingent call feature in a majority of the off-balance sheet securitization trusts, which is discussed in more detail at “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Private Education Loans.”
Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Private Education Loans
  $ 30     $ 33     $ 56     $ 57  
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
    1       1       2       2  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    1       1       2       2  
                         
Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
  $ 32     $ 35     $ 60     $ 61  
                         
Total Managed loan net charge-offs
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Private Education Loans
  $ 34     $ 34     $ 60     $ 59  
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans
    1       1       2       2  
Mortgage and consumer loans
    1       1       2       2  
                         
Total Managed loan net charge-offs
  $ 36     $ 36     $ 64     $ 63  
                         
Student Loan Premiums as a Percentage of Principal
      The following table presents student loan premiums paid as a percentage of the principal balance of student loans acquired for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
         
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005   June 30, 2006   June 30, 2005
                 
    Volume   Rate   Volume   Rate   Volume   Rate   Volume   Rate
                                 
Student loan premiums paid:
                                                               
Sallie Mae brands
  $ 1,671       .77 %   $ 991       .26 %   $ 4,975       .59 %   $ 3,294       .28 %
Lender partners
    4,225       1.64       4,701       1.61       7,817       1.80       8,043       1.70  
                                                 
Total Preferred Channel
    5,896       1.39       5,692       1.38       12,792       1.33       11,337       1.29  
Other purchases(1)
    493       4.23       641       3.66       668       3.64       1,146       3.47  
                                                 
Subtotal base purchases
    6,389       1.61       6,333       1.61       13,460       1.45       12,483       1.49  
Consolidations
    853       3.37       926       2.79       1,750       2.66       1,839       2.38  
                                                 
Total
  $ 7,242       1.82 %   $ 7,259       1.76 %   $ 15,210       1.58 %   $ 14,322       1.60 %
                                                 
 
 
  (1)  Primarily includes spot purchases, other commitment clients, and subsidiary acquisitions.
     The increase in premiums paid as a percentage of principal balance for Sallie Mae brands is primarily due to the increase in loans where we pay the origination fee on behalf of borrowers, a practice we call “zero-fee lending.” The borrower origination fee will be gradually phased out by the Reconciliation Legislation from 2007 to 2010. We include in Consolidation Loan premiums the 50 basis point

78


 

Consolidation Loan fee paid on loans that we consolidate, including loans that are already in our portfolio. The Consolidation Loan premium paid percentage is calculated on only consolidation volume that is incremental to our portfolio. Our premiums paid percentage will increase in periods when there is a higher percentage of our own FFELP Stafford loans that consolidated versus incremental volume.
Student Loan Acquisitions
      In the six months ended June 30, 2006, 84 percent of our Managed student loan acquisitions were originated through our Preferred Channel. The following tables summarize the components of our student loan acquisition activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                         
    Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP   Private   Total
             
Preferred Channel
  $ 4,380     $ 1,516     $ 5,896  
Other commitment clients
    88       1       89  
Spot purchases
    404             404  
Consolidations from third parties
    845       8       853  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations
    2,107       16       2,123  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts
    376       29       405  
                   
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions
    8,200       1,570       9,770  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    (2,107 )     (16 )     (2,123 )
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts — off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    179       108       287  
                   
Total Managed student loan acquisitions
  $ 6,272     $ 1,662     $ 7,934  
                   
                         
    Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP   Private   Total
             
Preferred Channel
  $ 4,463     $ 1,229     $ 5,692  
Other commitment clients
    161             161  
Spot purchases
    480             480  
Consolidations from third parties
    926             926  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations
    2,421             2,421  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts
    331       (10 )     321  
                   
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions
    8,782       1,219       10,001  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    (2,421 )           (2,421 )
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts — off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    146       60       206  
                   
Total Managed student loan acquisitions
  $ 6,507     $ 1,279     $ 7,786  
                   

79


 

                         
    Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP   Private   Total
             
Preferred Channel
  $ 9,411     $ 3,381     $ 12,792  
Other commitment clients
    202       3       205  
Spot purchases
    463             463  
Consolidations from third parties
    1,741       9       1,750  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations
    3,436       16       3,452  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts
    722       52       774  
                   
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions
    15,975       3,461       19,436  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    (3,436 )     (16 )     (3,452 )
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts — off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    324       177       501  
                   
Total Managed student loan acquisitions
  $ 12,863     $ 3,622     $ 16,485  
                   
                         
    Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP   Private   Total
             
Preferred Channel
  $ 8,774     $ 2,563     $ 11,337  
Other commitment clients
    247             247  
Spot purchases
    899             899  
Consolidations from third parties
    1,839             1,839  
Acquisitions from off-balance sheet securitized trusts, primarily consolidations
    4,248             4,248  
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts
    671       (16 )     655  
                   
Total on-balance sheet student loan acquisitions
    16,678       2,547       19,225  
Consolidations to SLM Corporation from off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    (4,248 )           (4,248 )
Capitalized interest, premiums and discounts — off-balance sheet securitized trusts
    255       103       358  
                   
Total Managed student loan acquisitions
  $ 12,685     $ 2,650     $ 15,335  
                   
      As shown on the above table, off-balance sheet FFELP Stafford loans that consolidate with us become an on-balance sheet interest earning asset. This activity results in impairments of our Retained Interests in securitizations, but this is offset by an increase in on-balance sheet interest earning assets, for which we do not record an offsetting gain.

80


 

      The following table includes on-balance sheet asset information for our Lending business segment.
                 
    June 30,   December 31,
    2006   2005
         
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net
  $ 21,391     $ 19,988  
Consolidation Loans, net
    54,055       54,859  
Private Education Loans, net
    6,833       7,757  
Other loans, net
    1,051       1,138  
Investments(1)
    9,540       7,748  
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans
    3,152       2,406  
Other(2)
    4,188       3,576  
             
Total assets
  $ 100,210     $ 97,472  
             
 
(1)  Investments include cash and cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and investments, leveraged leases, and municipal bonds.
 
(2)  Other assets include accrued interest receivable, goodwill and acquired intangible assets and other non-interest earning assets.
Preferred Channel Originations
      We originated $3.2 billion in student loan volume through our Preferred Channel in the three months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, versus $2.8 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2005, respectively.
      In the second quarter of 2006, we grew our Preferred Channel Originations by 14 percent versus the year-ago quarter. For the three months ended June 30, 2006, our internally marketed brands constituted 55 percent of our Preferred Channel Originations, up from 39 percent in the year-ago period. The pipeline of loans that we currently service and are committed to purchase was $4.4 billion and $5.0 billion at June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The following tables further break down our Preferred Channel Originations by type of loan and source.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Preferred Channel Originations — Type of Loan
                               
Stafford
  $ 1,877     $ 1,739     $ 6,303     $ 5,912  
PLUS
    229       223       1,231       1,184  
                         
Total FFELP
    2,106       1,962       7,534       7,096  
Private Education Loans
    1,070       812       3,255       2,440  
                         
Total
  $ 3,176     $ 2,774     $ 10,789     $ 9,536  
                         
Preferred Channel Originations — Source
                               
Internally marketed brands
  $ 1,757     $ 1,083     $ 5,312     $ 3,439  
Lender partners
    1,419       1,691       5,477       6,097  
                         
Total
  $ 3,176     $ 2,774     $ 10,789     $ 9,536  
                         

81


 

Student Loan Activity
      The following tables summarize the activity in our on-balance sheet, off-balance sheet and Managed portfolios of FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans and highlight the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our FFELP portfolios.
                                           
    On-Balance Sheet
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total On-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 18,883     $ 53,451     $ 72,334     $ 9,311     $ 81,645  
 
Acquisitions
    4,821       426       5,247       1,547       6,794  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          845       845       8       853  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (386 )     (835 )     (1,221 )     (4 )     (1,225 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    4,435       436       4,871       1,551       6,422  
Internal consolidations
    (1,588 )     3,474       1,886       20       1,906  
New securitizations
          (2,532 )     (2,532 )     (3,729 )     (6,261 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (339 )     (774 )     (1,113 )     (320 )     (1,433 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 21,391     $ 54,055     $ 75,446     $ 6,833     $ 82,279  
                               
                                           
    Off-Balance Sheet
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total Off-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 23,457     $ 13,211     $ 36,668     $ 8,557     $ 45,225  
 
Acquisitions
    120       60       180       107       287  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (436 )     (278 )     (714 )     (5 )     (719 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    (316 )     (218 )     (534 )     102       (432 )
Internal consolidations
    (1,711 )     (175 )     (1,886 )     (20 )     (1,906 )
New securitizations
          2,532       2,532       3,729       6,261  
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (895 )     (210 )     (1,105 )     (178 )     (1,283 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 20,535     $ 15,140     $ 35,675     $ 12,190     $ 47,865  
                               
                                           
    Managed Portfolio
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Managed
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Basis Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 42,340     $ 66,662     $ 109,002     $ 17,868     $ 126,870  
 
Acquisitions
    4,941       486       5,427       1,654       7,081  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          845       845       8       853  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (822 )     (1,113 )     (1,935 )     (9 )     (1,944 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    4,119       218       4,337       1,653       5,990  
Internal consolidations
    (3,299 )     3,299                    
New securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,234 )     (984 )     (2,218 )     (498 )     (2,716 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 41,926     $ 69,195     $ 111,121     $ 19,023     $ 130,144  
                               
 
 
  (1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

82


 

                                           
    On-Balance Sheet
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total On-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 18,933     $ 44,446     $ 63,379     $ 6,527     $ 69,906  
 
Acquisitions
    5,188       251       5,439       1,215       6,654  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          926       926             926  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (182 )     (165 )     (347 )     (2 )     (349 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    5,006       1,012       6,018       1,213       7,231  
Internal consolidations
    (1,335 )     3,653       2,318             2,318  
New securitizations
          (4,045 )     (4,045 )     (1,407 )     (5,452 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (511 )     (425 )     (936 )     (236 )     (1,172 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 22,093     $ 44,641     $ 66,734     $ 6,097     $ 72,831  
                               
                                           
    Off-Balance Sheet
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total Off-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 28,392     $ 7,410     $ 35,802     $ 5,991     $ 41,793  
 
Acquisitions
    97       49       146       60       206  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (326 )     (64 )     (390 )     (4 )     (394 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    (229 )     (15 )     (244 )     56       (188 )
Internal consolidations
    (2,318 )           (2,318 )           (2,318 )
New securitizations
          4,045       4,045       1,407       5,452  
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (812 )     (206 )     (1,018 )     (52 )     (1,070 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 25,033     $ 11,234     $ 36,267     $ 7,402     $ 43,669  
                               
                                           
    Managed Portfolio
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Managed
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Basis Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 47,325     $ 51,856     $ 99,181     $ 12,518     $ 111,699  
 
Acquisitions
    5,285       300       5,585       1,275       6,860  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          926       926             926  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (508 )     (229 )     (737 )     (6 )     (743 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    4,777       997       5,774       1,269       7,043  
Internal consolidations
    (3,653 )     3,653                    
New securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (1,323 )     (631 )     (1,954 )     (288 )     (2,242 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 47,126     $ 55,875     $ 103,001     $ 13,499     $ 116,500  
                               
 
(1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

83


 

                                           
    On-Balance Sheet
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total On-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 19,988     $ 54,859     $ 74,847     $ 7,757     $ 82,604  
 
Acquisitions
    10,095       701       10,796       3,439       14,235  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,741       1,741       9       1,750  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (693 )     (1,407 )     (2,100 )     (8 )     (2,108 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    9,402       1,035       10,437       3,440       13,877  
Internal consolidations
    (2,372 )     5,097       2,725       20       2,745  
New securitizations
    (5,034 )     (5,571 )     (10,605 )     (3,729 )     (14,334 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (593 )     (1,365 )     (1,958 )     (655 )     (2,613 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 21,391     $ 54,055     $ 75,446     $ 6,833     $ 82,279  
                               
                                           
    Off-Balance Sheet
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total Off-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 20,670     $ 10,575     $ 31,245     $ 8,680     $ 39,925  
 
Acquisitions
    208       118       326       174       500  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (864 )     (456 )     (1,320 )     (10 )     (1,330 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    (656 )     (338 )     (994 )     164       (830 )
Internal consolidations
    (2,452 )     (273 )     (2,725 )     (20 )     (2,745 )
New securitizations
    5,034       5,571       10,605       3,729       14,334  
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (2,061 )     (395 )     (2,456 )     (363 )     (2,819 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 20,535     $ 15,140     $ 35,675     $ 12,190     $ 47,865  
                               
                                           
    Managed Portfolio
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Managed
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Basis Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 40,658     $ 65,434     $ 106,092     $ 16,437     $ 122,529  
 
Acquisitions
    10,303       819       11,122       3,613       14,735  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,741       1,741       9       1,750  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (1,557 )     (1,863 )     (3,420 )     (18 )     (3,438 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    8,746       697       9,443       3,604       13,047  
Internal consolidations
    (4,824 )     4,824                    
New securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (2,654 )     (1,760 )     (4,414 )     (1,018 )     (5,432 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 41,926     $ 69,195     $ 111,121     $ 19,023     $ 130,144  
                               
 
 
  (1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

84


 

                                           
    On-Balance Sheet
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total On-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 18,965     $ 41,596     $ 60,561     $ 5,420     $ 65,981  
 
Acquisitions
    10,027       567       10,594       2,544       13,138  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,839       1,839             1,839  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (332 )     (249 )     (581 )     (4 )     (585 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    9,695       2,157       11,852       2,540       14,392  
Internal consolidations
    (2,052 )     5,849       3,797       (1 )     3,796  
New securitizations
    (3,542 )     (4,044 )     (7,586 )     (1,407 )     (8,993 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (973 )     (917 )     (1,890 )     (455 )     (2,345 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 22,093     $ 44,641     $ 66,734     $ 6,097     $ 72,831  
                               
                                           
    Off-Balance Sheet
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total Off-
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Balance Sheet
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 27,825     $ 7,570     $ 35,395     $ 6,062     $ 41,457  
 
Acquisitions
    162       90       252       106       358  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
                             
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (642 )     (91 )     (733 )     (8 )     (741 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    (480 )     (1 )     (481 )     98       (383 )
Internal consolidations
    (3,789 )     (8 )     (3,797 )           (3,797 )
New securitizations
    3,542       4,044       7,586       1,407       8,993  
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (2,065 )     (371 )     (2,436 )     (165 )     (2,601 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 25,033     $ 11,234     $ 36,267     $ 7,402     $ 43,669  
                               
                                           
    Managed Portfolio
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
     
    FFELP       Total    
    Stafford       Private   Total
    and   Consolidation   Total   Education   Managed
    Other(1)   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Basis Portfolio
                     
Beginning balance
  $ 46,790     $ 49,166     $ 95,956     $ 11,482     $ 107,438  
 
Acquisitions
    10,189       657       10,846       2,650       13,496  
 
Incremental consolidations from third parties
          1,839       1,839             1,839  
 
Consolidations to third parties
    (974 )     (340 )     (1,314 )     (12 )     (1,326 )
                               
Net acquisitions
    9,215       2,156       11,371       2,638       14,009  
Internal consolidations
    (5,841 )     5,841             (1 )     (1 )
New securitizations
                             
Repayments/claims/resales/other
    (3,038 )     (1,288 )     (4,326 )     (620 )     (4,946 )
                               
Ending balance
  $ 47,126     $ 55,875     $ 103,001     $ 13,499     $ 116,500  
                               
 
(1)  FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

85


 

     The increase in consolidations to third parties from 2005 to 2006 is primarily due to some FFELP lenders reconsolidating Consolidation Loans using the Direct Lending program as a pass-through entity to circumvent the statutory prohibition on the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans. On March 17, 2006, ED issued a “Dear Colleague” letter that prohibited this “two-step” process unless the FFELP consolidation borrower applied for a Direct Loan consolidation by March 31, 2006. Accordingly, in the second quarter of 2006, there was a temporary increase in the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans to process the back log of FDLP applications. By the end of the quarter, consolidation activity had returned to recent historical levels. The Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 restricted further reconsolidation; as of July 1, 2006, borrowers with a FFELP Consolidation Loan may only reconsolidate with the FDLP if they are delinquent, referred to the guaranty agency for default aversion activity, and enter into the income contingent repayment program (“ICR”) in the FDLP.
Other Income — Lending Business Segment
      The following table summarizes the components of other income, net, for our Lending business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Late fees
  $ 26     $ 24     $ 51     $ 44  
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees
    4       4       7       8  
Other
    21       8       34       20  
                         
Total other income, net
  $ 51     $ 36     $ 92     $ 72  
                         
      The increase in other income is primarily due to settlements received on the final dispositions of leveraged leases that we had previously fully reserved.
Operating Expense — Lending Business Segment
      The following table summarizes the components of operating expenses for our Lending business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Sales and originations
  $ 79     $ 77     $ 163     $ 144  
Servicing and information technology
    52       47       102       96  
Corporate overhead
    32       17       59       35  
                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 163     $ 141     $ 324     $ 275  
                         
      Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses. The increase in second quarter operating expenses is primarily due to the increase in sales expenses in connection with the shift of more volume to our internal brands. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, operating expenses for the Lending business segment also include $10 million and $18 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies — Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and Note 8, “Stock-Based Compensation Plans” to the consolidated financial statements).

86


 

DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS (“DMO”) BUSINESS SEGMENT
      The following table includes the “Core Earnings” results of operations for our DMO business segment.
                                                 
    Three Months   % Increase   Six Months   % Increase
    Ended June 30,   (Decrease)   Ended June 30,   (Decrease)
                 
        2006 vs.       2006 vs.
    2006   2005   2005   2006   2005   2005
                         
Total interest income
  $     $       %   $     $       %
Total interest expense
    5       4       25       11       8       38  
                                     
Net interest income
    (5 )     (4 )     (25 )     (11 )     (8 )     (38 )
Less provisions for losses
                                   
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
    (5 )     (4 )     (25 )     (11 )     (8 )     (38 )
Fee income
    90       82       10       182       168       8  
Collections revenue
    67       42       60       124       77       61  
                                     
Total other income
    157       124       27       306       245       25  
Operating expenses(1)(2)
    85       67       27       175       132       33  
                                     
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    67       53       26       120       105       14  
Income taxes
    26       20       30       44       39       13  
                                     
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    41       33       24       76       66       15  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries
    1       1             3       2       50  
                                     
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 40     $ 32       25 %   $ 73     $ 64       14 %
                                     
 
(1)  The three and six months ended June 30, 2006 operating expenses for the DMO segment include $2 million and $5 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.
 
(2)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between our business segments. Balances for the three and six months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
DMO Revenue by Product
                                   
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Purchased paper collections revenue
  $ 67     $ 42     $ 124     $ 78  
Contingency:
                               
 
Student loans
    69       63       139       129  
 
Other
    9       9       19       18  
                         
Total contingency
    78       72       158       147  
Other
    12       10       24       20  
                         
Total
  $ 157     $ 124     $ 306     $ 245  
                         
USA Funds(1)
  $ 46     $ 43     $ 92     $ 89  
                         
% of total DMO revenue
    29 %     35 %     30 %     36 %
                         
 
(1)  United Student Aid Funds, Inc. (“USA Funds”)
      The $33 million, or 27 percent, increase in DMO revenue for the second quarter of 2006 compared to the second quarter of 2005 can be attributed to the year-over-year growth in the purchased paper business

87


 

of Arrow Financial Services (“AFS”) and to revenue generated by GRP Financial Services (“GRP”) (acquired in August 2005). The year-over-year growth in contingency fee revenue was primarily driven by the growth in guaranty agency collections.
Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Face value of purchases
  $ 461     $ 444     $ 992     $ 1,416  
Purchase price
    41       41       75       65  
% of face value purchased
    8.9 %     9.2 %     7.6 %     4.6 %
Gross Cash Collections (“GCC”)
  $ 93     $ 61     $ 182     $ 118  
Collections revenue
    54       42       103       77  
% of GCC
    58 %     69 %     56 %     66 %
Carrying value of purchases
  $ 152     $ 79     $ 152     $ 79  
      The amount of face value of purchases in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the amount of receivables available for purchase in the marketplace, average age of each portfolio, the asset class of the receivables, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of face value purchased will vary from quarter to quarter. The decrease in collections revenue as a percentage of GCC versus the prior year can primarily be attributed to the increase in new portfolio purchases in the second half of 2005. Typically, revenue recognition based on a portfolio’s effective interest rate is a lower percentage of cash collections in the early stages of servicing a portfolio.
Purchased Paper — Mortgage/ Properties
                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30, 2006   June 30, 2006
         
Face value of purchases
  $ 191     $ 323  
Collections revenue
    13       21  
Collateral value of purchases
    212       362  
Purchase price
    160       273  
% of collateral value
    76 %     76 %
Carrying value of purchases
  $ 453     $ 453  
      GRP was purchased in August 2005. Prior to this acquisition, the Company was not in the mortgage purchased paper business. The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the underlying collateral. Fluctuations in the purchase price as a percentage of collateral value can be caused by a number of factors including the percentage of second mortgages in the portfolio and the level of private mortgage insurance associated with particular assets.
Contingency Inventory
      The following table presents the outstanding inventory of receivables that are currently being serviced through our DMO business.
                   
    June 30,   December 31,
    2006   2005
         
Contingency:
               
 
Contingency — Student loans
  $ 7,174     $ 7,205  
 
Contingency — Other
    2,594       2,178  
             
Total
  $ 9,768     $ 9,383  
             

88


 

Operating Expenses — DMO Business Segment
      For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, operating expenses for our DMO business segment totaled $85 million and $67 million, respectively. The increase in operating expenses of $18 million or 27 percent versus the year-ago quarter was primarily due to increased expenses for outsourced collections and recovery costs associated with large 2005 fourth quarter portfolio purchases. The increases in DMO contingency fee expenses are consistent with the growth in revenue and accounts serviced, as a high percentage of DMO expenses are variable.
      For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, operating expenses for the DMO business segment also include $3 million and $5 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies — Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and Note 8, “Stock-Based Compensation Plans” to the consolidated financial statements).
      At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the DMO business segment had total assets of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively.
CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT
      The following table includes “Core Earnings” results of operations for our Corporate and Other business segment.
                                                 
    Three Months       Six Months    
    Ended   % Increase   Ended   % Increase
    June 30,   (Decrease)   June 30,   (Decrease)
                 
    2006   2005   2006 vs. 2005   2006   2005   2006 vs. 2005
                         
Total interest income
  $ 1     $ 1       %   $ 2     $ 2       %
Total interest expense
    1       1             3       3        
                                     
Net interest income
                      (1 )     (1 )      
Less provisions for losses
                                   
                                     
Net interest income after provisions for losses
                      (1 )     (1 )      
Fee income
    33       26       27       60       58       3  
Other income
    24       29       (17 )     55       61       (10 )
                                     
Total revenue
    57       55       4       115       119       (3 )
Operating expenses(1)(2)
    50       63       (21 )     109       114       (4 )
                                     
Income (loss) before income taxes
    7       (8 )     188       5       4       25  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    2       (3 )     167       2       1       100  
                                     
“Core Earnings” net income (loss)
  $ 5     $ (5 )     200 %   $ 3     $ 3       %
                                     
 
(1)  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, operating expenses for the Corporate and Other Business segment include $4 million and $9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006.  
 
(2)  In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain overhead and other expenses between our business segments. Balances for the three and six months ending June 30, 2005 have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.  

89


 

Fee and Other Income — Corporate and Other Business Segment
      The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Guarantor servicing fees
  $ 33     $ 26     $ 60     $ 58  
Loan servicing fees
    7       12       15       25  
Other income
    17       17       40       36  
                         
Total fee and other income
  $ 57     $ 55     $ 115     $ 119  
                         
      The increase in guarantor servicing fees versus the year-ago quarter is due to a $10 million increase in account maintenance fees caused by a negotiated agreement with USA Funds such that USA Funds was able to cover the previous shortfall caused by the cap on payments from ED to guarantors in fiscal year 2006. This cap is removed by legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act that will not go into effect before October 1, 2006.
      USA Funds, the nation’s largest guarantee agency, accounted for 85 percent and 86 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees and 37 percent and 33 percent, respectively, of revenues associated with other products and services for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
Operating Expenses — Corporate and Other Business Segment
      The following table summarizes the components of operating expenses for our Corporate and Other Business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended   Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Operating expenses
  $ 30     $ 37     $ 68     $ 71  
Corporate overhead
    20       26       41       43  
                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 50     $ 63     $ 109     $ 114  
                         
      Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include direct costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantor agencies, as well as information technology expenses related to these functions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment also include $4 million and $9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies — Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and Note 8, “Stock-Based Compensation Plans” to the consolidated financial statements).
      At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Corporate and Other business segment had total assets of $408 million and $719 million, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
      Except in the case of acquisitions, which are discussed separately, our DMO and Corporate and Other business segments are not capital intensive businesses and as such a minimal amount of debt and equity capital is allocated to these segments. Therefore, the following “Liquidity and Capital Resources” discussion relates primarily to our Lending business segment.
      We depend on the debt capital markets to support our business plan. To meet business plan objectives, we must maintain cost effective liquidity to fund the growth in our Managed portfolio of

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student loans as well as to refinance previously securitized loans when borrowers choose to refinance their loans through a Consolidation Loan with the Company. At the same time, we must continue to control interest rate risk. Our main source of funding is student loan securitization. We securitized $17.5 billion in student loans in seven transactions in the six months ended June 30, 2006, versus $11.3 billion securitized in six transactions in the year-ago period. FFELP securitizations are unique securities in the asset-backed market in that they are collateralized by student loans with an explicit federal guarantee on 100 percent of principal and interest upon default. This guarantee is subject to service compliance and the Company retaining its EP designation. The amount of the guarantee will be reduced to 99 percent after July 1, 2006 through legislation (see “RECENT DEVELOPMENTS — Reauthorization”). Securitizations comprised 69 percent of our financing at June 30, 2006 versus 68 percent at June 30, 2005 related to our Managed portfolio.
      In addition to securitizations, we also fund our operations by accessing the corporate debt markets on a regular basis. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, we issued $4.7 billion in SLM Corporation term, unsecured debt. At June 30, 2006, on-balance sheet debt, exclusive of on-balance sheet securitizations and secured indentured trusts, totaled $42.9 billion versus $36.5 billion at June 30, 2005.
      Liquidity is important to the Company in that it enables us to effectively fund our student loan acquisitions, meet maturing debt obligations, and fund operations. The following table details our sources of liquidity and the available capacity at June 30, 2006.
                   
    June 30, 2006   December 31, 2005
         
    Available Capacity   Available Capacity
         
Sources of primary liquidity:
               
 
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments
  $ 5,376     $ 3,928  
 
Commercial paper and bank lines of credit
    5,500       5,500  
 
ABCP borrowing capacity
    23       41  
             
Total sources of primary liquidity
    10,899       9,469  
             
Sources of stand-by liquidity:
               
 
Unencumbered FFELP student loans
    24,741       24,530  
             
Total sources of primary and stand-by liquidity
  $ 35,640     $ 33,999  
             
      We believe our unencumbered FFELP student loan portfolio provides an additional source of potential or stand-by liquidity because the maturation of the government guaranteed student loan securitization marketplace has created a wide and deep marketplace for such transactions. The whole loan sale market for FFELP student loans provides an additional potential source of stand-by liquidity. At June 30, 2006, we had $686 million of investments on our balance sheet that were not included in the above table as these investments were pledged as collateral related to certain derivative positions.
      In addition to liquidity, a major objective when financing our business is to minimize interest rate risk by matching the interest rate and reset characteristics of our Managed assets and liabilities, generally on a pooled basis, to the extent practicable. In this process we use derivative financial instruments extensively to reduce our interest rate and foreign currency exposure. This interest rate risk management helps us to stabilize our student loan spread in various and changing interest rate environments. (See also “Interest Rate Risk Management” below.)

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Managed Borrowings
      The following tables present the ending balances of our Managed borrowings at June 30, 2006 and 2005 and average balances and average interest rates of our Managed borrowings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. The average interest rates include derivatives that are economically hedging the underlying debt, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. (See “BUSINESS SEGMENTS — Pre-tax differences Between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP by Business Segment — Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities.”)
Ending Balances
                                                 
    As of June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Ending Balance   Ending Balance
         
        Total       Total
    Short   Long   Managed   Short   Long   Managed
    Term   Term   Basis   Term   Term   Basis
                         
Unsecured borrowings
  $ 3,739     $ 39,170     $ 42,909     $ 4,262     $ 32,234     $ 36,496  
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)
    62       3,201       3,263       418       3,991       4,409  
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)
          48,212       48,212             38,076       38,076  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)
          52,357       52,357             47,524       47,524  
                                     
Total
  $ 3,801     $ 142,940     $ 146,741     $ 4,680     $ 121,825     $ 126,505  
                                     
Average Balances
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
    Average   Average   Average   Average   Average   Average   Average   Average
    Balance   Rate   Balance   Rate   Balance   Rate   Balance   Rate
                                 
Unsecured borrowings
  $ 42,520       5.42 %   $ 36,422       3.67 %   $ 42,048       5.24 %   $ 35,447       3.49 %
Indentured trusts (on-balance sheet)
    3,325       4.52       4,450       3.43       3,352       4.36       5,662       3.06  
Securitizations (on-balance sheet)
    45,912       5.33       36,108       3.38       46,229       5.10       35,740       3.16  
Securitizations (off-balance sheet)
    51,143       5.39       46,600       3.46       48,033       5.21       45,420       3.30  
                                                 
Total
  $ 142,900       5.36 %   $ 123,580       3.50 %   $ 139,662       5.16 %   $ 122,269       3.30 %
                                                 
Unsecured On-Balance Sheet Financing Activities
      The following table presents the senior unsecured credit ratings on our debt from major rating agencies.
                         
    S&P   Moody’s   Fitch
             
Short-term unsecured debt
    A-1       P-1       F1+  
Long-term unsecured debt
    A       A2       A+  

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      The table below presents our unsecured on-balance sheet term funding by funding source for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                                 
    Debt Issued for   Debt Issued for    
    the Three Months   the Six Months   Outstanding at
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,   June 30,
             
    2006   2005   2006   2005   2006   2005
                         
Convertible debentures
  $     $     $     $     $ 1,995     $ 1,990  
Retail notes
    110       246       267       579       3,869       3,409  
Foreign currency denominated notes(1)
    1,052       857       1,475       1,000       10,261       5,782  
Extendible notes
    999       500       999       500       5,246       4,747  
Global notes (Institutional)
    871             1,945       1,184       19,737       17,906  
Medium-term notes (Institutional)
                            1,800       2,630  
                                     
Total
  $ 3,032     $ 1,603     $ 4,686     $ 3,263     $ 42,908     $ 36,464  
                                     
 
(1)  All foreign currency denominated notes are swapped back to U.S. dollars.
     In addition to the term issuances reflected in the table above, we also use our commercial paper program for short-term liquidity purposes. The average balance of commercial paper outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was $0 and $690 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was $165 million and $408 million, respectively. The maximum daily amount outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was $0 and $1.9 billion, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was $2.2 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.
Contingently Convertible Debentures
      At June 30, 2006, we have approximately $2 billion Contingently Convertible Debentures (“Co-Cos”) outstanding. The Co-Cos are eligible to be called at par on or after July 25, 2007, under certain circumstances. The following table provides the historical effect of our Co-Cos on our common stock equivalents (“CSEs”) and after-tax interest expense.
                                                         
        Six Months       Three Months Ended
    Three Months   Ended   Year Ended    
    Ended   June 30,   December 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,   March 31,
(In thousands)   June 30, 2006   2006   2005   2005   2005   2005   2005
                             
CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares)
    30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312  
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense
  $ 16,460     $ 31,277     $ 44,572     $ 13,685     $ 11,971     $ 10,297     $ 8,619  

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     The table below outlines the effect of the Co-Cos on the numerators and denominators for the diluted EPS calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. The net effect of the Co-Cos on diluted EPS will vary with the period to period changes in net income of the Company.
                                   
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Numerator:
                               
Net income attributable to common stock
  $ 714,991     $ 292,607     $ 858,291     $ 513,116  
Adjusted for debt expense of Co-Cos, net of taxes
    16,460       10,297       31,277       18,916  
Adjusted for non-taxable unrealized gains on equity forwards(1)
    (39,717 )                  
                         
Net income attributable to common stock, adjusted
  $ 691,734     $ 302,904     $ 889,568     $ 532,032  
                         
Denominator: (shares in thousands)
                               
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS
    410,957       419,497       411,811       420,206  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                               
 
Dilutive effect of stock options, nonvested deferred compensation, nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards
    13,045       12,091       11,680       11,936  
 
Dilutive effect of Co-Cos
    30,312       30,312       30,312       30,312  
                         
Dilutive potential common shares(2)
    43,357       42,403       41,992       42,248  
                         
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS
    454,314       461,900       453,803       462,454  
                         
Net earnings per share:
                               
Basic EPS
  $ 1.74     $ .70     $ 2.08     $ 1.22  
 
Dilutive effect of stock options, nonvested deferred compensation, nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, ESPP, and equity forwards
    (.05 )     (.02 )     (.05 )     (.03 )
 
Dilutive effect of Co-Cos
    (.08 )     (.02 )     (.07 )     (.04 )
 
Dilutive effect of non-taxable unrealized gains on equity forwards(1)
    (.09 )                  
                         
Diluted EPS
  $ 1.52     $ .66     $ 1.96     $ 1.15  
                         
 
 
  (1)  SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” and the additional guidance provided by EITF Topic No. D-72, “Effect of Contracts That May Be Settled in Stock or Cash on the Computation of Diluted Earnings per Share,” require both the denominator and the numerator to be adjusted in calculating the potential impact of the Company’s equity forward contracts on diluted EPS. Under this guidance, when certain conditions are satisfied, the impact of the equity forwards is dilutive. Specifically, the impact is dilutive when: (1) the average share price is lower than the respective strike prices on our equity forward contracts, and (2) we recognized a gain on derivative and hedging activities related to our equity forward contracts. These conditions occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2006. At the time of our second quarter 2006 press release (the “Press Release”) filed on Form 8-K on July 20, 2006, we adjusted only the denominator in calculating the effects of our equity forward contracts. The diluted EPS of $1.52 in the table above reflects the effects of adjusting both the numerator and denominator and corrects the information previously reported in our Press Release. This guidance does not affect our net  

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  income for the quarter and does not require us to adjust our diluted EPS for the six months ended June 30, 2006 or any prior period.  
 
  (2)  For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, stock options and equity forwards of approximately 8 million shares and 14 million shares, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, stock options and equity forwards of approximately 12 million shares and 19 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive.  
Securitization Activities
Securitization Program
      The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Those securitizations listed as sales are off-balance sheet transactions and those listed as financings remain on-balance sheet.
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    No. of   Loan Amount   Pre-Tax       No. of   Loan Amount   Pre-Tax    
    Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %   Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %
                                 
FFELP Stafford/ PLUS loans
        $     $       %         $     $       %
Consolidation Loans
    1       2,500       23       .9       2       4,011       31       .8  
Private Education Loans
    2       4,000       648       16.2       1       1,505       231       15.3  
                                                 
Total securitizations — sales
    3       6,500     $ 671       10.3 %     3       5,516     $ 262       4.7 %
                                                 
Consolidation Loans(1)
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations — financings
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations
    4     $ 9,501                       4     $ 7,742                  
                                                 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    No. of   Loan Amount   Pre-Tax       No. of   Loan Amount   Pre-Tax    
    Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %   Transactions   Securitized   Gain   Gain %
                                 
FFELP Stafford/ PLUS loans
    2     $ 5,004     $ 17       .3 %     2     $ 3,530     $ 50       1.4 %
Consolidation Loans
    2       5,502       36       .7       2       4,011       31       .8  
Private Education Loans
    2       4,000       648       16.2       1       1,505       231       15.3  
                                                 
Total securitizations — sales
    6       14,506     $ 701       4.8 %     5       9,046     $ 312       3.4 %
                                                 
Consolidation Loans(1)
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations — financings
    1       3,001                       1       2,226                  
                                                 
Total securitizations
    7     $ 17,507                       6     $ 11,272                  
                                                 
 
 
  (1)  In certain Consolidation Loan securitization structures, the Company holds certain rights that can affect the remarketing of certain bonds such that these securitizations did not qualify as qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”). Accordingly, they are accounted for on-balance sheet as variable interest entities (“VIEs”).
     The decrease in the FFELP Stafford/ PLUS gain as a percentage of loans securitized from 1.4 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2005 to 0.3 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2006 is primarily due to: 1) an increase in the CPR assumption to account for continued high levels of Consolidation Loan activity; 2) an increase in the discount rate to reflect higher long-term interest rates; 3) the re-introduction of Risk Sharing with the Reconciliation Legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act; and 4) an increase in the amount of student loan premiums included in the carrying value of the loans sold. The higher premiums on these loans were primarily due to

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the allocation of the purchase price to student loan portfolios acquired through the acquisitions of several companies in the student loan industry. Higher premiums were also due to loans acquired through zero-fee lending and the school-as-lender channel.
Liquidity Risk and Funding — Long-Term
      With the dissolution of the GSE, our long-term funding, credit spread and liquidity exposure to the corporate and asset-backed capital markets has increased significantly. A major disruption in the fixed income capital markets that limits our ability to raise funds or significantly increases the cost of those funds could have a material impact on our ability to acquire student loans, or on our results of operations. Going forward, securitizations will continue to be the primary source of long-term financing and liquidity. Our securitizations are structured such that we are not obligated to provide any material level of financial, credit or liquidity support to any of the trusts, thus limiting our exposure to the recovery of the Retained Interest asset on the balance sheet for off-balance sheet securitizations to the loss of the earnings spread for loans securitized on-balance sheet. While all of our Retained Interests are subject to some prepayment risk, Retained Interests from our FFELP Stafford securitizations have significant prepayment risk primarily arising from borrowers opting to consolidate their Stafford/ PLUS loans. When consolidation activity is higher than projected, the increase in prepayment could materially impair the value of our Retained Interest. However, this negative effect on our Retained Interest is somewhat offset by the loans that consolidate back on our balance sheet, which we view as trading one interest bearing asset for another, whereas loans that consolidate with third parties represent a complete economic loss to the Company. We discuss our short-term liquidity risk, including a table of our sources of liquidity at the beginning of this “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” section.

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Retained Interest in Securitized Receivables
      The following tables summarize the fair value of the Company’s Residual Interests, included in the Company’s Retained Interest (and the assumptions used to value such Residual Interests), along with the underlying off-balance sheet student loans that relate to those securitizations in transactions that were treated as sales as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005.
                                 
    As of June 30, 2006
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Education    
    PLUS   Loan Trusts(1)   Loan Trusts   Total
                 
Fair value of Residual Interests(2)
  $ 773     $ 524     $ 1,855     $ 3,152  
Underlying securitized loan balance(3)
    20,224       14,746       12,556       47,526  
Weighted average life
    2.5 yrs.       8.1 yrs.       8.4 yrs.          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
    10%-40 % (5)     6 %     4 %        
Expected credit losses (% of student loan principal)
    .07%       .07 %     4.73 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    13.0%       11.1 %     13.1 %        
                                 
    As of December 31, 2005
     
    FFELP       Private    
    Stafford and   Consolidation   Education    
    PLUS   Loan Trusts(1)   Loan Trusts   Total
                 
Fair value of Residual Interests(2)
  $ 773     $ 483     $ 1,150     $ 2,406  
Underlying securitized loan balance (3)
    20,372       10,272       8,946       39,590  
Weighted average life
    2.7 yrs.       8.0 yrs.       7.8 yrs.          
Prepayment speed (annual rate)(4)
    10%-20 % (5)     6 %     4 %        
Expected credit losses (% of student loan principal)
    .14%       .23 %     4.74 %        
Residual cash flows discount rate
    12.3%       10.3 %     12.4 %        
 
(1)  Includes $115 million and $235 million related to the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The decrease in the fair value of the Embedded Floor Income is primarily due to rising interest rates during the period.
 
(2)  At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had unrealized gains (pre-tax) in accumulated other comprehensive income of $401 million and $370 million, respectively, that related to the Retained Interests.
 
(3)  In addition to student loans in off-balance sheet trusts, the Company had $41.3 billion and $40.9 billion of securitized student loans outstanding (face amount) as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, in on-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(4)  The prepayment speed assumptions include the impact of projected defaults. Previous disclosures for Private Education Loans excluded projected default assumptions.
 
(5)  40% for the third quarter of 2006, 30% for the fourth quarter of 2006, 15% for 2007 and 10% thereafter for June 30, 2006 valuations and 20% for 2006, 15% for 2007 and 10% thereafter for December 31, 2005 valuations.

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Servicing and Securitization Revenue
      Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest asset and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.
      The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
Servicing revenue
  $ 88     $ 86     $ 168     $ 171  
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment
    84       72       153       135  
                         
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment
    172       158       321       306  
Embedded Floor Income
    4       24       10       50  
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation
    (2 )     (17 )     (6 )     (39 )
                         
Net Embedded Floor Income
    2       7       4       11  
                         
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment
    174       165       325       317  
Retained Interest impairment
    (91 )     (15 )     (143 )     (24 )
                         
Total servicing and securitization revenue
  $ 83     $ 150     $ 182     $ 293  
                         
Average off-balance sheet student loans
  $ 47,716     $ 43,791     $ 44,909     $ 42,846  
                         
Average balance of Retained Interest
  $ 3,004     $ 2,576     $ 2,754     $ 2,448  
                         
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized)
    .70 %     1.37 %     .82 %     1.38 %
                         
      Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans.
      Servicing and securitization revenue can be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford/ PLUS student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so for those loans we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $91 million and $15 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, we recorded impairments of $143 million and $24, respectively. These impairment charges were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected through loan consolidation ($92 million and $20 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively), and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income which is part of the Retained Interest ($51 million and $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively). The impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2006 also reflects the increase in our CPR assumption for the remainder of 2006 from 20 percent to 40 percent for the third quarter and 30 percent for the fourth quarter, to account for the surge in Consolidation Loan applications received in the second quarter that

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will be processed in the third and fourth quarters of 2006. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we continue to revise our estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests and it may result in additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Asset and Liability Funding Gap
      The tables below present our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of June 30, 2006. In the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges (those derivatives which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to in the derivative market value adjustment). The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding gap for the specified index. This represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude.
      Management analyzes interest rate risk on a Managed basis, which consists of both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets and liabilities and includes all derivatives that are economically hedging our debt whether they qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 or not. Accordingly, we are also presenting the asset and liability funding gap on a Managed basis in the table that follows the GAAP presentation.
GAAP Basis
                                 
    Frequency of           Funding
Index   Variable Resets   Assets   Funding(1)   Gap
                 
(Dollars in billions)                
3 month Commercial paper
    daily     $ 63.4     $     $ 63.4  
3 month Treasury bill
    weekly       7.9       .3       7.6  
Prime
    annual       .6             .6  
Prime
    quarterly       1.2             1.2  
Prime
    monthly       5.1             5.1  
PLUS Index
    annual       2.6             2.6  
3-month LIBOR
    daily                    
3-month LIBOR
    quarterly       1.6       78.1       (76.5 )
1-month LIBOR
    monthly       .1       2.5       (2.4 )
CMT/ CPI index
    monthly/quarterly             3.5       (3.5 )
Non discreet reset(2)
    monthly             7.8       (7.8 )
Non discreet reset(3)
    daily/weekly       7.8             7.8  
Fixed Rate(4)
            11.6       9.7       1.9  
                         
Total
          $ 101.9     $ 101.9     $  
                         
     
 
  (1)  Includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133.
 
  (2)  Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.
 
  (3)  Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments.
 
  (4)  Includes receivables/payables, other assets (including Retained Interest), other liabilities and stockholders’ equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).
     The funding gaps in the above table are primarily interest rate mismatches in short-term indices between our assets and liabilities. We address this issue primarily through the use of basis swaps that primarily convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices.

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These basis swaps do not qualify as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133 and as a result the effect on the funding index is not included in our interest margin and is therefore excluded from the GAAP presentation.
Managed Basis
                                 
    Frequency of            
    Variable           Funding
Index   Resets   Assets   Funding(1)   Gap
                 
(Dollars in billions)                
3 month Commercial paper
    daily     $ 89.4     $ 16.2     $ 73.2  
3 month Treasury bill
    weekly       15.8       17.2       (1.4 )
Prime
    annual       1.0             1.0  
Prime
    quarterly       7.4       5.5       1.9  
Prime
    monthly       10.3       9.7       .6  
PLUS Index
    annual       4.6       5.8       (1.2 )
3-month LIBOR
    daily             72.3       (72.3 )
3-month LIBOR
    quarterly       1.5       8.2       (6.7 )
1-month LIBOR
    monthly       .1       1.5       (1.4 )
Non discreet reset(2)
    monthly             8.2       (8.2 )
Non discreet reset(3)
    daily/weekly       12.8             12.8  
Fixed Rate(4)
            9.8       8.1       1.7  
                         
Total
          $ 152.7     $ 152.7     $  
                         
     
 
  (1)  Includes all derivatives that management considers economic hedges of interest rate risk and reflects how we internally manage our interest rate exposure.
 
  (2)  Consists of asset-backed commercial paper and auction rate securities, which are discount note type instruments that generally roll over monthly.
 
  (3)  Includes restricted and non-restricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments.
 
  (4)  Includes receivables/payables, other assets, other liabilities and stockholders’ equity (excluding Series B Preferred Stock).
     To the extent possible, we generally fund our assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that has the same underlying index (index type and index reset frequency). When it is more economical, we also fund our assets with debt that has a different index and/or reset frequency than the asset, but only in instances where we believe there is a high degree of correlation between the interest rate movement of the two indices. For example, we use daily reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a large portion of our daily reset 3-month commercial paper indexed assets. In addition, we use quarterly reset 3-month LIBOR to fund a portion of our quarterly reset Prime rate indexed Private Education Loans. We also use our monthly Non Discreet reset funding (asset-backed commercial paper program and auction rate securities) to fund various asset types. In using different index types and different index reset frequencies to fund our assets, we are exposed to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices that may reset at different frequencies will not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude. We believe that this risk is low as all of these indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a long period of time. We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives.
      When compared with the GAAP presentation, the Managed basis presentation includes all of our off-balance sheet assets and funding, and also includes basis swaps that primarily convert quarterly 3-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices. Our basis swaps do not qualify for GAAP hedge accounting treatment and are therefore not considered in the GAAP Asset and Liability Funding GAP table.

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Interest Rate Gap Analysis
      In the table below, the Company’s variable rate assets and liabilities are categorized by reset date of the underlying index. Fixed rate assets and liabilities are categorized based on their maturity dates. An interest rate gap is the difference between volumes of assets and volumes of liabilities maturing or repricing during specific future time intervals. The following gap analysis reflects rate-sensitive positions at June 30, 2006 and is not necessarily reflective of positions that existed throughout the period.
                                                 
    Interest Rate Sensitivity Period
     
        3 Months    
    3 Months   to   6 Months   1 to 2   2 to 5   Over 5
    or Less   6 Months   to 1 Year   Years   Years   Years
                         
Assets
                                               
Student loans
  $ 81,373     $ 626     $ 213     $ 6     $ 58     $ 3  
Other loans
    140       51       101       10       3       746  
Cash and investments, including restricted
    8,041       70       62       586       682       253  
Other assets
    2,567       90       180       395       647       5,004  
                                     
Total assets
    92,121       837       556       997       1,390       6,006  
                                     
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                                               
Short-term borrowings
    2,072       516       1,213                    
Long-term borrowings
    65,125       268             1,384       11,426       12,304  
Other liabilities
    1,711                               1,519  
Minority interest in subsidiaries
                                  9  
Stockholders’ equity
                                  4,360  
                                     
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
    68,908       784       1,213       1,384       11,426       18,192  
                                     
Period gap before adjustments
    23,213       53       (657 )     (387 )     (10,036 )     (12,186 )
Adjustments for Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments
                                               
Interest rate swaps
    (23,075 )     83       (59 )     477       10,390       12,184  
                                     
Total derivatives and other financial instruments
    (23,075 )     83       (59 )     477       10,390       12,184  
                                     
Period gap
  $ 138     $ 136     $ (716 )   $ 90     $ 354     $ (2 )
                                     
Cumulative gap
  $ 138     $ 274     $ (442 )   $ (352 )   $ 2     $  
                                     
Ratio of cumulative gap to total assets
    .1 %     .3 %     (.4 )%     (.3 )%     %     %
                                     

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Weighted Average Life
      The following table reflects the weighted average life for our Managed earning assets and liabilities at June 30, 2006.
                         
    On-Balance   Off-Balance    
(Averages in Years)   Sheet   Sheet   Managed
             
Earning assets
                       
Student loans
    9.7       5.5       9.5  
Other loans
    7.7             7.7  
Cash and investments
    .7       .1       .5  
                   
Total earning assets
    8.8       5.0       8.6  
                   
Borrowings
                       
Short-term borrowings
    .5             .5  
Long-term borrowings
    6.9       5.5       6.4  
                   
Total borrowings
    6.7       5.5       6.3  
                   
      In the above table, Treasury receipts, although generally liquid assets, extend the weighted average remaining term to maturity of cash and investments to .5 years. Long-term debt issuances likely to be called by us or putable by the investor have been categorized according to their call or put dates rather than their maturity dates. In recent years the shift in the composition of our FFELP student loan portfolio from Stafford loans to Consolidation Loans has lengthened the Managed weighted average life of the student loan portfolio from 8.2 years at December 31, 2004, to 9.5 years at June 30, 2006.
COMMON STOCK
      The following table summarizes our common share repurchases, issuances and equity forward activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
                                   
    Three Months   Six Months
    Ended June 30,   Ended June 30,
         
    2006   2005   2006   2005
                 
(Shares in millions)                
                 
Common shares repurchased:
                               
 
Equity forwards
    2.1       3.3       4.5       6.4  
 
Benefit plans(1)
    .4       .3       1.3       .6  
                         
 
Total shares repurchased
    2.5       3.6       5.8       7.0  
                         
 
Average purchase price per share
  $ 53.93     $ 48.55     $ 54.62     $ 49.46  
                         
Common shares issued
    1.4       1.8       4.3       3.5  
                         
Equity forward contracts:
                               
 
Outstanding at beginning of period
    42.7       46.6       42.7       42.8  
 
New contracts
    5.3       8.4       7.7       15.3  
 
Exercises
    (2.1 )     (3.3 )     (4.5 )     (6.4 )
                         
 
Outstanding at end of period
    45.9       51.7       45.9       51.7  
                         
Authority remaining at end of period to repurchase or enter into equity forwards
    10.9       20.5       10.9       20.5  
                         
 
(1)  Includes shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

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     As of June 30, 2006, the expiration dates and purchase prices for outstanding equity forward contracts were as follows:
                     
Year of Maturity   Outstanding   Range of   Average
(Contracts in millions of shares)   Contracts   Purchase Prices   Purchase Price
             
2007
    .8     $54.74   $ 54.74  
2008
    7.3      54.74     54.74  
2009
    14.7      54.74     54.74  
2010
    15.0      54.74     54.74  
2011
    8.1     $51.86-$53.76     53.02  
                 
      45.9         $ 54.44  
                 
      The closing price of the Company’s common stock on June 30, 2006 was $52.92.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Upromise, Inc. Acquisition
      On June 1, 2006, the Company announced that it had signed a purchase agreement to acquire Upromise, Inc. (“Upromise”) pending regulatory approvals. Upromise’s popular rewards service — one of the largest rewards marketing coalitions in the U.S. — has more than seven million members who have joined Upromise to save for college when they and their families buy gas or groceries, dine out, or purchase other goods and services from more than 450 participating companies. Upromise is also the largest administrator of direct-to-consumer 529 college savings plans, administering nearly one million college savings accounts and over $10 billion in assets with tax-advantaged 529 investment options through partnerships with seven states. Upromise offers its rewards service members the opportunity to link their Upromise account to a participating 529 plan so that their savings can be transferred automatically into their plan on a periodic basis. Under the terms of the transaction, Upromise will become a wholly owned subsidiary of SLM Corporation. Upromise, which employs approximately 250 individuals, will retain its separate brand identity, management team and operations in Needham, MA. The Company expects to close the acquisition in the third quarter of 2006.
Reauthorization
      On February 8, 2006, the President signed the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (“Reconciliation Legislation”). The Reconciliation Legislation was included as Title VIII of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (S. 1932), an omnibus budget bill that cut nearly $40 billion in spending over five years, with $12 billion coming from federal student loan programs. The vast majority of the savings are generated by requiring lenders to rebate Floor Income under the new loans issued after April 1, 2006. The major new student loan provisions include the following, with effective dates generally July 1, 2006 unless otherwise indicated:
  •  Lenders rebate Floor Income on new loans after April 1, 2006.
 
  •  Borrower origination fees are gradually reduced to zero in FFELP by 2010, and to one percent in Direct Loan program by 2010.
 
  •  Collection of one percent FFELP guaranty fee is mandated for all guarantors, including those with voluntary flexible agreements, but can be paid on behalf of the borrower by lenders or guarantors.
 
  •  Lender reinsurance is reduced to 99 percent with Exceptional Performer designation for claims filed after July 1, 2006, and 97 percent without designation on loans disbursed after July 1, 2006.
 
  •  “Super 2-Step” and in-school consolidation loopholes will be closed as of July 1, 2006.

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  •  Recycling of 9.5 percent loans is prohibited for loan holders with more than $100 million in 9.5 percent loans, as of date of enactment, and other 9.5 percent reforms enacted in 2004 are made permanent.
 
  •  The limitation on SAP for PLUS loans made after January 1, 2000 is repealed, effective April 1, 2006.
 
  •  Certain loan limits are increased effective July 1, 2007. For undergraduate students, loan limits are raised for first-year students, from $2,625 to $3,500, and for second-year students, from $3,500 to $4,500. These increases allow students to borrow more over the first four years (from $17,125 to $19,000); the cumulative graduate limit was left unchanged at $23,000. Annual loan limits for unsubsidized Stafford loans are increased from $10,000 to $12,000 for graduate students and from $5,000 to $7,000 for graduate students getting a State teaching certificate or credential and professional coursework (see also “APPENDIX A, FEDERAL FAMILY EDUCATION LOANS PROGRAM — Stafford Loan Program — Loan Limits” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
  •  A moratorium on new schools-as-lender is created after April 1, 2006, and additional requirements are created for schools continuing to participate in this program.
 
  •  Graduate students become eligible to take out PLUS loans.
 
  •  Compensation for guarantor collections via loan consolidation is reduced from a maximum of 18.5 percent to 10 percent, along with a cap on the proportion of collection via consolidations. Requirements for collections via loan rehabilitations are made somewhat easier.
 
  •  New grant programs are available for Pell-eligible students.
      The Reconciliation Legislation does not change the interest rates on Stafford loans which, under legislation enacted in 2002, are scheduled to become fixed 6.8 percent for all loans disbursed after July 1, 2006. Under the previous legislation, the PLUS rate was scheduled to become fixed at 7.9 percent after July 1, 2006. The Reconciliation Legislation raises this rate to 8.5 percent for FFELP PLUS loans. Due to a drafting error in the bill, the PLUS rate for the FDLP was not changed and remains at 7.9 percent in the statute. The rates for Consolidation Loans are unchanged by the Reconciliation Legislation; the formula remains the weighted average of the rates on the underling loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth. The Reconciliation Legislation reauthorizes the student loan programs through 2012.
      The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror and Hurricane Recovery, 2006 (the “Appropriations Act”), signed by the President on June 15, 2006, made two changes to the Higher Education Act affecting loan consolidation in the FFELP and FDLP. Of significance, effective for applications received on or after June 15, 2006, the Appropriations Act repealed the single holder rule which required a borrower whose loans were held by a single lender to obtain, in most cases, a Consolidation Loan from that lender. As a result, a borrower with Stafford or PLUS loans may choose their consolidation lender.
      Congress has yet to complete action on the rest of the Higher Education Act reauthorization. On June 30, 2006, the President signed into law P.L. 109-238, another three month extension of the Higher Education Act. Although the House passed its version of the reauthorization, the College Access and Opportunity Act of 2005, on March 30, 2006, the Senate has not yet taken action. It is not clear whether there will enough time in September for the Senate to take up its version of the Higher Education Act reauthorization, S. 1614, but the Company expects that it is unlikely that there will be a completed conference report before another extension will be required at the end of September.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
      The effect of short-term movements in interest rates on our results of operations and financial position has been limited through our interest rate risk management. The following tables summarize the effect on earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 and the effect on fair values at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remain constant.
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Interest Rates:   Interest Rates:
         
    Change from   Change from   Change from   Change from
    Increase of   Increase of   Increase of   Increase of
    100 Basis   300 Basis   100 Basis   300 Basis
    Points   Points   Points   Points
                 
    $   %   $   %   $   %   $   %
                                 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)                                
                                 
Effect on Earnings
                                                               
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
  $ (2 )     %   $ (9 )     (1 )%   $ 6       1 %   $ 10       2 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
    101       61       157       96       348       2,973       669       5,712  
                                                 
Increase in net income before taxes
  $ 99       9 %   $ 148       13 %   $ 354       74 %   $ 679       143 %
                                                 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share
  $ .15       9 %   $ .23       14 %   $ .50       75 %   $ .96       145 %
                                                 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,
     
    2006   2005
         
    Interest Rates:   Interest Rates:
         
    Change from   Change from   Change from   Change from
    Increase of   Increase of   Increase of   Increase of
    100 Basis   300 Basis   100 Basis   300 Basis
    Points   Points   Points   Points
                 
    $   %   $   %   $   %   $   %
                                 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)                                
                                 
Effect on Earnings
                                                               
Increase/(decrease) in pre-tax net income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
  $ (7 )     (1 )%   $ (27 )     (2 )%   $ 13       2 %   $ 29       4 %
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
    101       80       157       126       348       455       669       874  
                                                 
Increase in net income before taxes
  $ 94       7 %   $ 130       9 %   $ 361       41 %   $ 698       79 %
                                                 
Increase in diluted earnings per common share
  $ .145       7 %   $ .221       11 %   $ .51       45 %   $ 1.01       87 %
                                                 

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    At June 30, 2006
     
        Interest Rates:
         
        Change from   Change from
        Increase of   Increase of
        100 Basis   300 Basis
        Points   Points
             
    Fair Value   $   %   $   %
                     
(Dollars in millions)                    
                     
Effect on Fair Values
                                       
Assets
                                       
 
Total FFELP student loans
  $ 77,363     $ (118 )     %   $ (203 )     %
 
Private Education Loans
    8,335                          
 
Other earning assets
    10,769       (46 )           (132 )     (1 )
 
Other assets
    8,883       (300 )     (3 )     (410 )     (5 )
                               
 
Total assets
  $ 105,350     $ (464 )     %   $ (745 )     (1 )%
                               
 
Liabilities
                                       
 
Interest bearing liabilities
  $ 94,467     $ (1,432 )     (2 )%   $ (3,580 )     (4 )%
 
Other liabilities
    3,229       1,007       31       2,876       89  
                               
 
Total liabilities
  $ 97,696     $ (425 )     %   $ (704 )     (1 )%
                               
                                           
    At December 31, 2005
     
        Interest Rates:
         
        Change from   Change from
        Increase of   Increase of
        100 Basis   300 Basis
        Points   Points
             
    Fair Value   $   %   $   %
                     
(Dollars in millions)                    
                     
Effect on Fair Values
                                       
Assets
                                       
 
Total FFELP student loans
  $ 76,492     $ (215 )     %   $ (385 )     (1 )%
 
Private Education Loans
    9,189                          
 
Other earning assets
    9,344       (57 )     (1 )     (164 )     (2 )
 
Other assets
    7,429       (292 )     (4 )     (377 )     (5 )
                               
 
Total assets
  $ 102,454     $ (564 )     (1 )%   $ (926 )     (1 )%
                               
Liabilities
                                       
 
Interest bearing liabilities
  $ 92,026     $ (1,437 )     (2 )%   $ (3,612 )     (4 )%
 
Other liabilities
    3,609       975       27       2,863       79  
                               
 
Total liabilities
  $ 95,635     $ (462 )     %   $ (749 )     (1 )%
                               
      A primary objective in our funding is to minimize our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt. However, as discussed under “LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT — Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio — Floor Income — Managed Basis,” we can have a fixed versus floating mismatch in funding if the student loan earns at the fixed borrower rate and the funding remains floating, which results in us earning Floor Income.
      During the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, certain FFELP student loans were earning Floor Income and we locked in a portion of that Floor Income through the use of futures and Floor Income Contracts that converted a portion of the fixed rate nature of student loans to variable rate.

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These hedging transactions also fixed the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the variable rate liability.
      In the above table, under the scenario where interest rates increase 100 and 300 basis points, the changes in pre-tax net income before the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities is primarily due to the impact of (i) our off-balance sheet hedged Consolidation Loan securitizations and the related Embedded Floor Income recognized as part of the gain on sale, which results in a decrease in payments on the written Floor contracts that more than offset impairment losses on the Embedded Floor Income in the Residual Interest; (ii) our unhedged on-balance sheet loans not currently having significant Floor Income due to the recent increase in interest rates, which results in these loans being more variable rate; and (iii) a portion of our fixed rate assets being funded with variable debt. The first item will generally cause income to increase when interest rates increase from a low interest rate environment, whereas, the second and third items will generally offset this increase. In the 100 and 300 basis point scenario for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, the first two items had little impact allowing the third item to cause a net decrease in income. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, the first item had a greater impact than the last item.
      In addition to interest rate risk addressed in the preceding tables, the Company is also exposed to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates and the equity price of its own stock. Foreign currency exchange risk is the result of foreign denominated debt issued by the Company. The Company’s policy is to use cross currency interest rate swaps to swap all foreign denominated debt payments (fixed and floating) to U.S. dollar LIBOR using a fixed exchange rate. In the tables above, there would be an immaterial impact on earnings if exchange rates were to decrease or increase, due to the terms of the hedging instrument and hedged items matching. The balance sheet interest bearing liabilities would be affected by a change in exchange rates, however, the change would be materially offset by the cross currency interest rate swaps in other assets or other liabilities. Equity price risk of the Company’s own stock is due to equity forward contracts used in the Company’s share repurchase program. A hypothetical decrease in the Company’s stock price per share of $5.00 and $10.00 would decrease “unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities” by $230 million and $459 million, respectively. In addition to the net income impact, other assets would decrease by the aforementioned amounts. Stock price decreases can also result in the counterparty exercising its right to demand early settlement on a portion of or the total contract depending on trigger prices set in each contract. With the $5.00 and $10.00 decrease in unit stock price above, none of these triggers would be met and no counterparty would have the right to early settlement.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
      Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of June 30, 2006. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that, as of June 30, 2006, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
      No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
      The Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by three Wisconsin residents on December 20, 2001 in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. The lawsuit sought to bring a nationwide class action on behalf of all borrowers who allegedly paid “undisclosed improper and excessive” late fees over the past three years. The plaintiffs sought damages of $1,500 per violation plus punitive damages and claimed that the class consisted of two million borrowers. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that the Company charged excessive interest by capitalizing interest quarterly in violation of the promissory note. On February 27, 2003, the Superior Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. On March 4, 2004, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court’s decision granting the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted plaintiffs leave to re-plead the first count, which alleged violations of the D.C. Consumer Protection Procedures Act. On September 15, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint. On October 15, 2004, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint with the Superior Court for failure to state a claim and non-compliance with the Court of Appeals’ ruling. On December 27, 2004, the Superior Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiffs’ amended complaint. Plaintiffs appealed the Superior Court’s dismissal order to the Court of Appeals. On June 8, 2006, the Court of Appeals issued an opinion reversing the order of the trial court dismissing the amended complaint. The Court of Appeals did not address the merits of the complaint but concluded that the trial court improperly relied upon facts extrinsic to the complaint. The Company does not believe that it is reasonably likely that a nationwide class will be certified. The Court of Appeals noted in its decision that the plaintiffs failed to file a motion for class certification within the time required by the District of Columbia rules.
      The Company is also subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of the Company’s reports to credit bureaus. In addition, the collections subsidiaries in the Company’s debt management operation group are occasionally named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that the Company has violated a federal or state law in the process of collecting their account. Management believes that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
      There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
      The following table summarizes the Company’s common share repurchases during the second quarter of 2006 pursuant to the stock repurchase program (see Note 6, “Stockholders’ Equity,” to the consolidated financial statements) first authorized in September 1997 by the Board of Directors. Since the inception of

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the program, which has no expiration date, the Board of Directors has authorized the purchase of up to 308 million shares as of June 30, 2006.
                                 
                Maximum Number
            Total Number of   of Shares That
            Shares Purchased   May Yet Be
    Total Number   Average Price   as Part of Publicly   Purchased Under
    of Shares   Paid per   Announced Plans   the Plans or
    Purchased(1)   Share   or Programs   Programs(2)
                 
(Common shares in millions)                
                 
Period:
                               
April 1 - April 30, 2006
    2.1     $ 54.70       2.1       13.2  
May 1 - May 31, 2006
    .4       49.25             10.9  
June 1 - June 30, 2006
                      10.9  
                         
Total second quarter
    2.5     $ 53.93       2.1          
                         
 
 
  (1)  The total number of shares purchased includes: i) shares purchased under the stock repurchase program discussed above, and ii) shares purchased in connection with the exercise of stock options and vesting of performance stock to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs (which combined totaled .4 million shares for the second quarter of 2006).
 
  (2)  Reduced by outstanding equity forward contracts.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
      Nothing to report.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      At the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders held on May 18, 2006, the following proposals were approved by the margins indicated:
      1. To elect 14 directors to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors for one-year terms or until their successors are elected and qualified:
                 
    Number of Shares
     
    Votes For   Votes Withheld
         
Ann Torre Bates
    363,780,517       2,481,411  
Charles L. Daley
    356,206,952       10,054,976  
William M. Diefenderfer, III
    363,713,812       2,548,116  
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
    356,393,788       9,868,140  
Diane Suitt Gilleland
    356,335,359       9,926,569  
Earl A. Goode
    363,817,037       2,444,891  
Ronald F. Hunt
    330,148,606       36,113,322  
Benjamin J. Lambert, III
    356,331,661       9,930,267  
Albert L. Lord
    356,248,185       10,013,743  
Barry A. Munitz
    363,689,275       2,572,653  
A. Alexander Porter, Jr. 
    356,265,780       9,996,148  
Wolfgang Schoellkopf
    363,601,920       2,660,008  
Steven L. Shapiro
    356,345,578       9,916,350  
Barry L. Williams
    359,247,674       7,014,254  

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      2. To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for 2006:
                 
Number of Shares
 
Votes For   Votes Against   Abstain
         
  363,594,771       471,061     2,196,096
Item 5. Other Information
      The diluted EPS of $1.52 reported in this Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006, reflects a change in the calculation of diluted shares under the reverse treasury stock method and corrects the information previously reported in the Company’s second quarter 2006 press release filed on Form 8-K on July 20, 2006, as described in Note 7 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 6. Exhibits
      The following exhibits are furnished or filed, as applicable:
         
  31 .1   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31 .2   Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32 .1   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32 .2   Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

110


 

SIGNATURES
      Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
  SLM CORPORATION
  (Registrant)
  By:  /s/ C.E. Andrews
 
 
  C.E. Andrews
  Executive Vice President and
  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer and
  Duly Authorized Officer)
Date: August 8, 2006

111

exv31w1
 

Exhibit 31.1
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, certify that:
        1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;
 
        2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
        3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
        4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
        a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
        b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
        c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
        d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
        5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
        a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
        b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
  /s/ Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
 
 
  Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
  Chief Executive Officer
August 8, 2006
exv31w2
 

Exhibit 31.2
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, C.E. Andrews, certify that:
        1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SLM Corporation;
 
        2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
        3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
        4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
        a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
        b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
        c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
        d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
        5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
        a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
        b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
  /s/ C.E. Andrews
 
 
  C.E. Andrews
  Chief Financial Officer
August 8, 2006
exv32w1
 

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
      In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2006 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
        (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
        (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
  /s/ Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
 
 
  Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
  Chief Executive Officer
August 8, 2006
exv32w2
 

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
      In connection with the Quarterly Report of SLM Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2006 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, C.E. Andrews, Executive Vice President, Finance, Accounting and Risk Management of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
        (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
        (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
  /s/ C.E. Andrews
 
 
  C.E. Andrews
  Chief Financial Officer
August 8, 2006