SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 20, 2006
SLM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
File No. 001-13251 (Commission File Number) |
52-2013874 (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
||
12061 Bluemont Way, Reston, Virginia 20190 (Address of principal executive offices) (zip code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (703) 810-3000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
On April 20, 2006, SLM Corporation issued a press release with respect to its earnings for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2006, which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K. Additional information for the quarter, which is available on the Registrant's website at http://www2.salliemae.com/investors/stockholderinfo/earningsinfo, is furnished as Exhibit 99.2.
2
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
SLM CORPORATION | ||||
By: |
/s/ C.E. ANDREWS |
|||
Name: | C.E. Andrews | |||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
Dated: April 20, 2006
3
SLM CORPORATION
Form 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
---|---|---|
99.1 | Press Release dated April 20, 2006 | |
99.2 | Additional Information Available on the Registrant's Website |
4
Exhibit 99.1
SallieMae | N E W S R E L E A S E | |||
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | Media Contacts: | Investor Contacts: | ||
Tom Joyce 703/984-5610 Martha Holler 703/984-5178 |
Steve McGarry 703/984-6746 Joe Fisher 703/984-5755 |
SLM CORPORATION'S PORTFOLIO OF MANAGED LOANS
GROWS 14 PERCENT IN FIRST-QUARTER 2006
Internal Lending Brands Increase 51 Percent
RESTON, Va., April 20, 2006SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, today reported first-quarter 2006 earnings and performance results that include a 14-percent increase in the managed student loan portfolio to $126.9 billion from the year-ago quarter's $111.7 billion. Also during the quarter, the company originated $3.6 billion through its internal lending brands, a 51-percent increase over the year-ago period.
"We are pleased with our portfolio growth and the strong performance of our lending brands. Our pipeline of new school wins is impressive," said Tim Fitzpatrick, chief executive officer. "This quarter's results put us on the right path to deliver on our 2006 projections."
During the first-quarter 2006, the company originated $7.6 billion in preferred-channel loans, of which $2.2 billion were private education loans. Preferred-channel loan originations include loans originated by the company's internal lending brands and external lending partners.
Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also presents certain non-GAAP or "core earnings" performance measures. The company's management, equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these "core earnings" measures to monitor the company's business performance.
Sallie Mae reported first-quarter 2006 GAAP net income of $152 million, or $.34 per diluted share, compared to $223 million, or $.49 per diluted share, in the year-ago period. Included in these GAAP results are pre-tax losses on derivative and hedging activities of $(87) million, compared to $(34) million in the year-ago quarter, and a decrease of $(44) million in servicing and securitization revenue.
"Core earnings" net income for the quarter was $287 million, or $.65 per diluted share, up from $256 million, or $.57 per diluted share in the year-ago quarter. During the first-quarter 2006, the company began expensing stock-based compensation. Recognizing stock-based compensation expense in both the current and year-ago periods, "core earnings" per diluted share were $.63 in the 2006 first quarter after eliminating the $.02 impact of a revision to borrower benefit estimates, up from $.55 in the same quarter in 2005, a 15-percent increase.
Sallie Mae | | 12061 Bluemont Way | | Reston, Va 20190 | | www.SallieMae.com |
"Core earnings" net interest income was $596 million for the quarter, a 21-percent increase over the year-ago quarter's $494 million. "Core earnings" other income, which consists primarily of fees earned from guarantor servicing and collection activity, was $245 million for the 2006 first quarter, up from $221 million in the year-ago quarter. "Core earnings" operating expenses were $309 million, compared to $249 million in the same quarter last year.
Both a description of the "core earnings" treatment and a full reconciliation to the GAAP income statement can be found at: http://www2.salliemae.com/investors/stockholderinfo/earningsinfo, click on the First Quarter 2006 Supplemental Earnings Disclosure.
Total equity for the company at March 31, 2006, was $3.8 billion, up from $3.1 billion a year ago. The company's tangible capital at March 31, 2006, was 1.86 percent of managed assets, compared to 1.63 percent at the same time last year.
The company will host its regular earnings conference call today at noon. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company's performance. Individuals interested in participating should call the following number today, April 20, 2006, starting at 11:45 a.m. EDT: (877) 356-5689 (USA and Canada) or (706) 679-0623 (International). The conference call will be replayed continuously beginning Thursday, April 20, at 3:30 p.m. EDT and concluding at 11:59 p.m. EDT on Thursday, April 27. Please dial (800) 642-1687 (USA and Canada) or dial (706) 645-9291 (International) and use access code 6512067. In addition, there will be a live audio Web cast of the conference call, which may be accessed at www.salliemae.com. A replay will be available 30-45 minutes after the live broadcast.
***
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" including expectations as to future market share, the success of preferred channel originations and future results. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Because such statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations, and from changes in such laws and regulations, changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families, and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
SLM Corporation (NYSE: SLM), commonly known as Sallie Mae, is the nation's leading provider of education funding, managing nearly $127 billion in student loans for 9 million borrowers. Sallie Mae was originally created in 1972 as a government-sponsored entity (GSE) and terminated its ties to the federal government in 2004. The company remains the country's largest originator of federally insured student loans. Through its specialized subsidiaries and divisions, Sallie Mae also provides debt management services as well as business and technical products to a range of business clients, including colleges, universities and loan guarantors. More information is available at www.SallieMae.com. SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
###
Sallie Mae | | 12061 Bluemont Way | | Reston, Va 20190 | | www.SallieMae.com |
SLM CORPORATION
Supplemental Earnings Disclosure
March 31, 2006
(Dollars in millions, except earnings per share)
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS(GAAP Basis) | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 152 | $ | 431 | $ | 223 | ||||
Diluted earnings per common share(1) | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | ||||
Return on assets | .68 | % | 1.88 | % | 1.18 | % | ||||
NON-GAAP INFORMATION(2) |
||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income | $ | 287 | $ | 284 | $ | 256 | ||||
"Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share(1) | $ | .65 | $ | .63 | $ | .57 | ||||
"Core earnings" return on assets | .85 | % | .84 | % | .86 | % | ||||
OTHER OPERATING STATISTICS |
||||||||||
Average on-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,850 | $ | 82,914 | $ | 67,661 | ||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | 42,069 | 38,497 | 41,892 | |||||||
Average Managed student loans | $ | 124,919 | $ | 121,411 | $ | 109,553 | ||||
Ending on-balance sheet student loans, net | $ | 81,645 | $ | 82,604 | $ | 69,906 | ||||
Ending off-balance sheet student loans, net | 45,225 | 39,925 | 41,793 | |||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 126,870 | $ | 122,529 | $ | 111,699 | ||||
Ending Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans, net | $ | 42,340 | $ | 40,658 | $ | 47,325 | ||||
Ending Managed Consolidation Loans, net | 66,662 | 65,434 | 51,856 | |||||||
Ending Managed Private Education Loans, net | 17,868 | 16,437 | 12,518 | |||||||
Ending Managed student loans, net | $ | 126,870 | $ | 122,529 | $ | 111,699 | ||||
|
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||
|
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||
Impact of Co-Cos on GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $ | | (A) | $ | (.03 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | |||
Impact of Co-Cos on "core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | (.01 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | |||
(A) There is no impact on diluted earnings per common share because the effect of the assumed conversion is antidilutive. |
1
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(unaudited) |
|
(unaudited) |
||||||
Assets | |||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans (net of allowance for losses of $5,547; $6,311; and $0, respectively) | $ | 18,882,890 | $ | 19,988,116 | $ | 18,933,160 | |||
Consolidation Loans (net of allowance for losses of $9,983; $8,639; and $6,849 respectively) | 53,450,647 | 54,858,676 | 44,446,089 | ||||||
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $232,147; $204,112; and $190,880, respectively) | 9,311,164 | 7,756,770 | 6,527,022 | ||||||
Other loans (net of allowance for losses of $15,081; $16,180; and $11,754, respectively) | 1,114,200 | 1,137,987 | 1,094,712 | ||||||
Cash and investments | 4,349,669 | 4,867,654 | 3,235,034 | ||||||
Restricted cash and investments | 3,065,148 | 3,300,102 | 2,224,354 | ||||||
Retained Interest in off-balance sheet securitized loans | 2,487,117 | 2,406,222 | 2,246,329 | ||||||
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net | 1,091,301 | 1,105,104 | 1,014,986 | ||||||
Other assets | 4,013,450 | 3,918,053 | 4,075,267 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 97,765,586 | $ | 99,338,684 | $ | 83,796,953 | |||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 3,362,548 | $ | 3,809,655 | $ | 5,516,177 | |||
Long-term borrowings | 87,083,110 | 88,119,090 | 72,241,082 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 3,555,318 | 3,609,332 | 2,901,843 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 94,000,976 | 95,538,077 | 80,659,102 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||||
Minority interest in subsidiaries |
9,682 |
9,182 |
72,869 |
||||||
Stockholders' equity |
|||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A: 3,300; 3,300; and 3,300 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share; Series B: 4,000; 4,000; and 0 shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share | 565,000 | 565,000 | 165,000 | ||||||
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1,125,000 shares authorized: 429,329; 426,484; and 484,917 shares, respectively, issued | 85,866 | 85,297 | 96,984 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,364,252 | 2,233,647 | 1,969,881 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 328,496 | 367,910 | 374,574 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 1,163,570 | 1,111,743 | 2,662,316 | ||||||
Stockholders' equity before treasury stock | 4,507,184 | 4,363,597 | 5,268,755 | ||||||
Common stock held in treasury at cost: 16,599; 13,347; and 62,936 shares, respectively | 752,256 | 572,172 | 2,203,773 | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 3,754,928 | 3,791,425 | 3,064,982 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 97,765,586 | $ | 99,338,684 | $ | 83,796,953 | |||
2
SLM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 298,500 | $ | 315,164 | $ | 190,733 | |||||
Consolidation Loans | 821,335 | 760,338 | 508,421 | ||||||||
Private Education Loans | 241,353 | 203,992 | 129,616 | ||||||||
Other loans | 23,307 | 22,851 | 20,153 | ||||||||
Cash and investments | 95,810 | 89,921 | 62,049 | ||||||||
Total interest income | 1,480,305 | 1,392,266 | 910,972 | ||||||||
Interest expense | 1,092,784 | 1,002,133 | 564,212 | ||||||||
Net interest income | 387,521 | 390,133 | 346,760 | ||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 60,319 | 65,318 | 46,523 | ||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 327,202 | 324,815 | 300,237 | ||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | 30,023 | 240,651 | 49,894 | ||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 98,931 | 80,032 | 142,961 | ||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | (86,739 | ) | 70,270 | (34,251 | ) | ||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 26,907 | 21,555 | 32,540 | ||||||||
Debt management fees | 91,612 | 98,839 | 85,752 | ||||||||
Collections revenue | 56,681 | 48,304 | 34,883 | ||||||||
Other | 68,428 | 60,093 | 62,319 | ||||||||
Total other income | 285,843 | 619,744 | 374,098 | ||||||||
Operating expenses |
323,309 |
296,663 |
262,291 |
||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 289,736 | 647,896 | 412,044 | ||||||||
Income taxes | 137,045 | 215,907 | 186,466 | ||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 152,691 | 431,989 | 225,578 | ||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,090 | 954 | 2,194 | ||||||||
Net income | 151,601 | 431,035 | 223,384 | ||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 8,301 | 7,832 | 2,875 | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 143,300 | $ | 423,203 | $ | 220,509 | |||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | .35 | $ | 1.02 | $ | .52 | |||||
Average common shares outstanding | 412,675 | 415,907 | 420,924 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | |||||
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | 422,974 | 457,406 | 463,014 | ||||||||
Dividends per common share | $ | .22 | $ | .22 | $ | .19 | |||||
3
SLM CORPORATION
Segment and Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 649,751 | $ | | $ | | $ | 649,751 | $ | (351,251 | ) | $ | 298,500 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 1,027,962 | | | 1,027,962 | (206,627 | ) | 821,335 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 428,760 | | | 428,760 | (187,407 | ) | 241,353 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 23,307 | | | 23,307 | | 23,307 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 130,461 | | 1,323 | 131,784 | (35,974 | ) | 95,810 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,260,241 | | 1,323 | 2,261,564 | (781,259 | ) | 1,480,305 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,659,372 | 5,156 | 1,278 | 1,665,806 | (573,022 | ) | 1,092,784 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 600,869 | (5,156 | ) | 45 | 595,758 | (208,237 | ) | 387,521 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 74,820 | | 19 | 74,839 | (14,520 | ) | 60,319 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 526,049 | (5,156 | ) | 26 | 520,919 | (193,717 | ) | 327,202 | |||||||||||
Fee income | | 91,612 | 26,907 | 118,519 | | 118,519 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 56,540 | | 56,540 | 141 | 56,681 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 40,572 | | 30,009 | 70,581 | 40,062 | 110,643 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses(1) | 161,438 | 89,513 | 58,512 | 309,463 | 13,846 | 323,309 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | 149,917 | 19,789 | (581 | ) | 169,125 | (32,080 | ) | 137,045 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1,090 | | 1,090 | | 1,090 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 255,266 | $ | 32,604 | $ | (989 | ) | $ | 286,881 | $ | (135,280 | ) | $ | 151,601 | |||||
4
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending(2) |
DMO(2) |
Corporate and Other(2) |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 619,987 | $ | | $ | | $ | 619,987 | $ | (304,823 | ) | $ | 315,164 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 934,096 | | | 934,096 | (173,758 | ) | 760,338 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 373,801 | | | 373,801 | (169,809 | ) | 203,992 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 22,851 | | | 22,851 | | 22,851 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 127,418 | | 1,564 | 128,982 | (39,061 | ) | 89,921 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,078,153 | | 1,564 | 2,079,717 | (687,451 | ) | 1,392,266 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,506,852 | 5,531 | 1,455 | 1,513,838 | (511,705 | ) | 1,002,133 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 571,301 | (5,531 | ) | 109 | 565,879 | (175,746 | ) | 390,133 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 69,243 | | (7 | ) | 69,236 | (3,918 | ) | 65,318 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 502,058 | (5,531 | ) | 116 | 496,643 | (171,828 | ) | 324,815 | |||||||||||
Fee income | | 98,839 | 21,555 | 120,394 | | 120,394 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 48,112 | | 48,112 | 192 | 48,304 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 37,696 | | 28,355 | 66,051 | 384,995 | 451,046 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 138,778 | 83,920 | 55,895 | 278,593 | 18,070 | 296,663 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 148,362 | 21,275 | (2,172 | ) | 167,465 | 48,442 | 215,907 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 954 | | 954 | | 954 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 252,614 | $ | 35,271 | $ | (3,697 | ) | $ | 284,188 | $ | 146,847 | $ | 431,035 | ||||||
5
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending(2) |
DMO(2) |
Corporate and Other(2) |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 509,940 | $ | | $ | | $ | 509,940 | $ | (319,207 | ) | $ | 190,733 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 580,977 | | | 580,977 | (72,556 | ) | 508,421 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 227,307 | | | 227,307 | (97,691 | ) | 129,616 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 20,153 | | | 20,153 | | 20,153 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 78,188 | | 945 | 79,133 | (17,084 | ) | 62,049 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,416,565 | | 945 | 1,417,510 | (506,538 | ) | 910,972 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 918,093 | 4,068 | 1,410 | 923,571 | (359,359 | ) | 564,212 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 498,472 | (4,068 | ) | (465 | ) | 493,939 | (147,179 | ) | 346,760 | ||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 54,962 | | (40 | ) | 54,922 | (8,399 | ) | 46,523 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 443,510 | (4,068 | ) | (425 | ) | 439,017 | (138,780 | ) | 300,237 | ||||||||||
Fee income | | 85,752 | 32,540 | 118,292 | | 118,292 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 34,883 | | 34,883 | | 34,883 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 35,762 | 33 | 31,629 | 67,424 | 153,499 | 220,923 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 134,185 | 63,916 | 51,196 | 249,297 | 12,994 | 262,291 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense(1) | 127,681 | 19,494 | 4,643 | 151,818 | 34,648 | 186,466 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 821 | 1,221 | | 2,042 | 152 | 2,194 | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 216,585 | $ | 31,969 | $ | 7,905 | $ | 256,459 | $ | (33,075 | ) | $ | 223,384 | ||||||
6
SLM CORPORATION
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(A) |
$ |
286,881 |
$ |
284,188 |
$ |
256,459 |
|||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: |
|||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | (62,061 | ) | 117,520 | (32,372 | ) | ||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | (38,817 | ) | 149,755 | 89,612 | |||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (52,569 | ) | (56,108 | ) | (42,433 | ) | |||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (13,913 | ) | (15,878 | ) | (13,082 | ) | |||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | (167,360 | ) | 195,289 | 1,725 | |||||||
Net tax effect(B) | 32,080 | (48,442 | ) | (34,648 | ) | ||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | (135,280 | ) | 146,847 | (32,923 | ) | ||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | | (152 | ) | |||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | (135,280 | ) | 146,847 | (33,075 | ) | ||||||
GAAP net income |
$ |
151,601 |
$ |
431,035 |
$ |
223,384 |
|||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | |||||
(A) "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .65 | $ | .63 | $ | .57 | |||
Non-GAAP "Core Earnings"
In accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In addition to evaluating the Company's GAAP-based financial information, management evaluates the Company's business segments under certain non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as "core earnings" for each business segment, and we refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies and lenders. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, we rely on "core earnings" to manage each operating segment because we believe these measures provide additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. Our "core earnings" are not
7
defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent another comprehensive basis of accounting. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" follows.
Limitations of "Core Earnings"
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, "core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment," as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation of this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may understate earnings in certain periods. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-Tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustments required to reconcile our "core earnings" segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
8
9
Exhibit 99.2
SLM CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FIRST QUARTER 2006
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)
The following supplemental information should be read in connection with SLM Corporation's (the "Company") press release of first quarter 2006 earnings, dated April 20, 2006.
Statements in this Supplemental Financial Information release that refer to expectations as to future developments are forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements contemplate risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in such laws and regulations; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families; changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services; and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the Company's 2005 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2006.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the quarters ended December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005, to be consistent with classifications adopted for the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
The following table presents the statements of income for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
Statements of Income
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 299 | $ | 315 | $ | 191 | |||||
Consolidation Loans | 821 | 760 | 508 | ||||||||
Private Education Loans | 241 | 204 | 130 | ||||||||
Other loans | 23 | 23 | 20 | ||||||||
Cash and investments | 96 | 90 | 62 | ||||||||
Total interest income | 1,480 | 1,392 | 911 | ||||||||
Interest expense | 1,093 | 1,002 | 564 | ||||||||
Net interest income | 387 | 390 | 347 | ||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 60 | 65 | 47 | ||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 327 | 325 | 300 | ||||||||
Other income: | |||||||||||
Gains on student loan securitizations | 30 | 241 | 50 | ||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 99 | 80 | 143 | ||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | (87 | ) | 70 | (34 | ) | ||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | 27 | 21 | 33 | ||||||||
Debt management fees | 92 | 99 | 86 | ||||||||
Collections revenue | 56 | 48 | 35 | ||||||||
Other | 69 | 61 | 61 | ||||||||
Total other income | 286 | 620 | 374 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | 323 | 297 | 262 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 290 | 648 | 412 | ||||||||
Income taxes(1) | 137 | 216 | 187 | ||||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 153 | 432 | 225 | ||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Net income | 152 | 431 | 223 | ||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | 9 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock | $ | 143 | $ | 423 | $ | 220 | |||||
Diluted earnings per common share(2) | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | |||||
(2) Impact of Co-Cos on GAAP diluted earnings per common share |
$ | | (A) | $ | (.03 | ) | $ | (.02 | ) | |
2
Earnings Release Summary
The following table summarizes GAAP income statement items disclosed separately in the Company's press releases of earnings for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||
Reported net income attributable to common stock |
$ | 143,300 | $ | 423,203 | $ | 220,509 | $ | 1,360,381 | ||||||
Items disclosed separately (tax effected): |
||||||||||||||
Update of Borrower Benefit estimates | 6,610 | | | 14,498 | ||||||||||
Establishment of new Risk Sharing loan loss allowance | | (6,008 | ) | | (6,008 | ) | ||||||||
Change in Private Education Loan allowance estimates | | | | (34,005 | ) | |||||||||
Change in Private Education Loan loss reserve recovery estimate | | | | 30,547 | ||||||||||
Leveraged lease impairment charge | | | | (24,774 | ) | |||||||||
CLC lawsuit settlement charge | | | | (8,820 | ) | |||||||||
Total items disclosed separately (tax effected) | 6,610 | (6,008 | ) | | (28,562 | ) | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stock before the impact of items disclosed separately | $ | 136,690 | $ | 429,211 | $ | 220,509 | $ | 1,388,943 | ||||||
Co-Cos after-tax expense | $ | (A) | $ | 13,685 | $ | 8,619 | $ | 44,572 | ||||||
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | 422,974(A) | 457,406 | 463,014 | 460,260 | ||||||||||
3
The following table summarizes "core earnings" income statement items disclosed separately in the Company's press releases of earnings for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31, 2005. See "BUSINESS SEGMENTS" for a discussion of "core earnings" and a reconciliation of "core earnings" net income to GAAP net income.
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income attributable to common stock | $ | 278,580 | $ | 276,356 | $ | 253,584 | $ | 1,109,205 | ||||||
Items disclosed separately (tax effected): |
||||||||||||||
Update of Borrower Benefit estimates | 9,339 | | | 21,664 | ||||||||||
Establishment of new Risk Sharing loan loss allowance | | (11,998 | ) | | (11,998 | ) | ||||||||
Change in Private Education Loan allowance estimates | | | | 2,264 | ||||||||||
Change in Private Education Loan loss reserve recovery estimate | | | | 40,627 | ||||||||||
Leveraged lease impairment charge | | | | (24,774 | ) | |||||||||
CLC lawsuit settlement charge | | | | (8,820 | ) | |||||||||
Total items disclosed separately (tax effected) | 9,339 | (11,998 | ) | | 18,963 | |||||||||
"Core earnings" net income attributable to common stock before the impact of items disclosed separately |
$ |
269,241 |
$ |
288,354 |
$ |
253,584 |
$ |
1,090,242 |
||||||
Co-Cos after-tax expense | $ | 14,817 | $ | 13,685 | $ | 8,619 | $ | 44,572 | ||||||
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | 453,286 | 457,406 | 463,014 | 460,260 | ||||||||||
Stock-Based Employee Compensation Expense
During the first quarter of 2006 we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB's") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123(R), "Share Based Payment," which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share based payments to employees to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, reported net income attributable to common stock included $11 million related to employee stock option compensation expense, net of related tax effects. The following table is a pro-forma presentation of our results had SFAS No. 123(R) been in effect for all periods presented.
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
Reported net income attributable to common stock | $ | 143,300 | $ | 423,203 | $ | 220,509 | $ | 1,360,381 | |||||
Less: Pro forma stock-based employee compensation expense, net of related tax effects | | (9,829 | ) | (9,781 | ) | (39,499 | ) | ||||||
Pro forma net income attributable to common stock | $ | 143,300 | $ | 413,374 | $ | 210,728 | $ | 1,320,882 | |||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | $ | 3.05 | |||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per common share | $ | .34 | $ | .94 | $ | .47 | $ | 2.97 | |||||
4
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, "core earnings" net income attributable to common stock included $11 million related to employee stock option compensation expense, net of related tax effects. The following table is a pro-forma presentation of our "core earnings" results had SFAS No. 123(R) been in effect for all periods presented (see "BUSINESS SEGMENTS" for a discussion of "core earnings" and a reconciliation of "core earnings" net income to GAAP net income).
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
"Core earnings" net income attributable to common stock | $ | 278,580 | $ | 276,356 | $ | 253,584 | $ | 1,109,205 | |||||
Less: Pro forma stock-based employee compensation expense, net of related tax effects | | (9,829 | ) | (9,781 | ) | (39,499 | ) | ||||||
Pro forma "core earnings" net income attributable to common stock | $ | 278,580 | $ | 266,527 | $ | 243,803 | $ | 1,069,706 | |||||
"Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .65 | $ | .63 | $ | .57 | $ | 2.51 | |||||
Pro forma "core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .65 | $ | .61 | $ | .55 | $ | 2.43 | |||||
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Earnings Summary
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2005
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, net income was $152 million ($.34 diluted earnings per common share), a 65 percent decrease from the $431 million in net income for the three months ended December 31, 2005. On a pre-tax basis, first quarter of 2006 net income of $290 million was a 55 percent decrease from the $648 million in net income earned in the fourth quarter of 2005. The larger percentage decrease in quarter-over-quarter, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the increase in the effective tax rate from 33 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 to 47 percent in the first quarter of 2006, which is caused by the permanent impact of excluding non-taxable gains and losses on equity forward contracts in the Company's stock from taxable income. Under the SFAS No. 150, we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the first quarter of 2006, the unrealized loss on our outstanding equity forward contracts was $122 million, a decrease of $178 million versus the unrealized gain of $56 million recognized in the fourth quarter of 2005.
When comparing the pre-tax results of the first quarter to the fourth quarter, there were several factors contributing to the decrease, the two largest of which were a $157 million decrease in the net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities, and a decrease in securitization gains of $211 million. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment, with the greatest impact in the first quarter coming from an unrealized loss of $122 million on our equity forward contracts. The decline in the value of the equity forward contracts is caused by the quarter-over-quarter decline in the stock price of SLM Corporation that resulted in the $178 million decrease in value discussed above. This decrease was partially offset by unrealized gains on our Floor Income Contracts due to higher interest rates.
The decrease in securitization gains can primarily be attributed to a Private Education Loan securitization in the fourth quarter of 2005, which had a pre-tax gain of $222 million or 15 percent of
5
the amount securitized, versus no such gains in the first quarter of 2006. The 2006 gains of $30 million or .4 percent of the amount securitized were the result of two FFELP Stafford securitizations and one Consolidation Loan securitization. Private Education Loan securitizations generally have significantly higher gains as a percentage of assets securitized due to the higher earning spreads on those loans. Also in the first quarter, we recorded impairment losses in servicing and securitization income to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $52 million versus $65 million in the fourth quarter. These impairments were primarily the result of continued high consolidation loan activity and an impairment of the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest due to higher interest rates. The reduction in impairment losses was the major factor in the $19 million increase in servicing and securitization revenue.
Net interest income was relatively flat quarter-over-quarter as off-balance sheet securitizations along with principal paydowns approximately equaled the acquisition of new loans, leaving the average balance of on-balance sheet student loans relatively unchanged.
During the first quarter we acquired $8.6 billion in student loans, including $2.0 billion in Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we acquired $6.5 billion in student loans, of which $1.5 billion were Private Education Loans. In the first quarter of 2006, we originated $7.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel compared to $4.6 billion originated in the fourth quarter of 2005. Within our Preferred Channel $3.6 billion or 51 percent were originated under Sallie Mae owned brands.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, net income of $152 million ($.34 diluted earnings per share) was a 32 percent decrease from net income of $223 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005. On a pre-tax basis, first quarter of 2006 income of $290 million was a 30 percent decrease from $412 million earned in the first quarter of 2005. The larger percentage decrease in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the increase in the effective tax rate from 45 percent in the first quarter of 2005 to 47 percent in the first quarter of 2006, which is caused by fluctuations in the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward as described above. In the first quarter of 2006, the unrealized loss on our outstanding equity forward contracts was $122 million versus an unrealized loss of $108 million in the first quarter of 2005, both of which were caused by a decrease in the Company's stock price.
There were several factors that contributed to the decline in the pre-tax results of the first quarter of 2006 versus the year-ago quarter, the two largest of which were a $53 million decrease in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities, and a decrease in securitization gains of $20 million. The decrease in net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relates to a smaller unrealized gain on Floor Income Contracts and to the increase in the unrealized loss on equity forward contracts discussed above. Forward interest rates rose in both quarters, but the unrealized gain on the Floor Income Contracts was smaller in the first quarter of 2006 because the market interest rate was above the strike rate on a number of Floor Income Contracts resulting in a portion of the Floor Income Contracts having little or no value at the beginning of the period; the further rise in interest rates had no effect on their value.
As discussed above, securitization gains in the first quarter of 2006 were $30 million on three off-balance sheet transactions versus the first quarter of 2005 where there were two off-balance sheet transactions which resulted in securitization gains of $50 million. There were no Private Education Loan securitizations in either quarter. We incurred impairment losses in the first quarter of 2006 to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $52 million versus $9 million in the year-ago quarter. The 2006 losses were primarily the result of the combined high level of Consolidation Loan activity and the impairment of Embedded Floor Income as a result of interest rates. The increase in year-over-year
6
impairment losses was the major driver of the $44 million decrease in servicing and securitization revenue.
Net interest income increased by $40 million or 12 percent year-over-year. The increase was due to the 19 percent increase in average interest earning assets, offset by a 19 basis point decrease in the on-balance sheet student loan spread. The decrease in on-balance sheet student loan spread is primarily due to higher interest rates, which reduced Floor Income. In the first quarter of 2006, fee and other income and collections revenue totaled $244 million, an increase of 13 percent over the year-ago quarter. This increase was primarily driven by the $21 million or 60 percent increase in collections revenue.
Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $15.2 billion, from $111.7 billion at March 31, 2005 to $126.9 billion at March 31, 2006. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $8.6 billion of student loans, including $2.0 billion in Private Education Loans, in the quarter ended March 31, 2006, a 13 percent increase over the $7.5 billion acquired in the year-ago quarter, of which $1.4 billion were Private Education Loans. In the quarter ended March 31, 2006, we originated $7.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 12 percent over the $6.8 billion originated in the year-ago quarter.
NET INTEREST INCOME
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income
The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Interest income: | ||||||||||
Student loans | $ | 1,361 | $ | 1,279 | $ | 829 | ||||
Other loans | 23 | 23 | 20 | |||||||
Cash and investments | 96 | 90 | 62 | |||||||
Taxable equivalent adjustment | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
Total taxable equivalent interest income | 1,481 | 1,395 | 912 | |||||||
Interest expense | 1,093 | 1,002 | 564 | |||||||
Taxable equivalent net interest income | $ | 388 | $ | 393 | $ | 348 | ||||
7
Average Balance Sheets
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||
|
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
Balance |
Rate |
||||||||||
Average Assets | ||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 19,522 | 6.20 | % | $ | 22,062 | 5.67 | % | $ | 18,522 | 4.18 | % | ||||
Consolidation Loans | 54,312 | 6.13 | 53,020 | 5.69 | 42,873 | 4.81 | ||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 9,016 | 10.86 | 7,832 | 10.33 | 6,266 | 8.39 | ||||||||||
Other loans | 1,172 | 8.14 | 1,106 | 8.29 | 1,097 | 7.66 | ||||||||||
Cash and investments | 7,042 | 5.52 | 7,075 | 5.19 | 7,756 | 3.26 | ||||||||||
Total interest earning assets | 91,064 | 6.59 | % | 91,095 | 6.08 | % | 76,514 | 4.83 | % | |||||||
Non-interest earning assets | 7,963 | 8,031 | 6,385 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 99,027 | $ | 99,126 | $ | 82,899 | ||||||||||
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 4,174 | 4.78 | % | $ | 4,523 | 4.56 | % | $ | 3,458 | 3.54 | % | ||||
Long-term borrowings | 87,327 | 4.85 | 86,606 | 4.35 | 73,258 | 2.96 | ||||||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities | 91,501 | 4.84 | % | 91,129 | 4.36 | % | 76,716 | 2.98 | % | |||||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities | 3,703 | 4,079 | 3,225 | |||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 3,823 | 3,918 | 2,958 | |||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 99,027 | $ | 99,126 | $ | 82,899 | ||||||||||
Net interest margin | 1.73 | % | 1.71 | % | 1.84 | % | ||||||||||
The decrease in the net interest margin in the first quarter of 2006 versus year-ago quarter is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under "Student LoansStudent Loan Spread Analysis."
Student Loans
For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.
Student Loan Spread Analysis
The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to
8
earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "SECURITIZATION PROGRAMServicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENTStudent Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis."
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
On-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||
Student loan yield, before Floor Income | 7.51 | % | 6.97 | % | 5.54 | % | ||||
Gross Floor Income | .07 | .12 | .40 | |||||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.68 | ) | (.66 | ) | (.66 | ) | ||||
Borrower Benefits | (.11 | ) | (.13 | ) | (.17 | ) | ||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.12 | ) | (.18 | ) | (.15 | ) | ||||
Student loan net yield | 6.67 | 6.12 | 4.96 | |||||||
Student loan cost of funds | (4.84 | ) | (4.35 | ) | (2.94 | ) | ||||
Student loan spread | 1.83 | % | 1.77 | % | 2.02 | % | ||||
Off-Balance Sheet | ||||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income | .92 | % | .77 | % | 1.34 | % | ||||
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation | .03 | .05 | .04 | |||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | .95 | % | .82 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,850 | $ | 82,914 | $ | 67,661 | ||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 42,069 | 38,497 | 41,892 | |||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 124,919 | $ | 121,411 | $ | 109,553 | ||||
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting
One of the primary drivers of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005, we earned gross Floor Income of $14 million (7 basis points), $26 million (12 basis points) and $66 million (40 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005 totaled $14 million (7 basis points), $26 million (12 basis points) and $60 million (36 basis points), respectively.
In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as
9
accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
In the first quarter of 2006, we updated our assumptions for the qualification for Borrower Benefits to reflect trends in borrower behavior versus qualification requirements. These updates resulted in a reduction of our liability for Borrower Benefits of $10 million or 5 basis points.
In the fourth quarter of 2005, we continued to process Consolidation Loan applications from the record volume in the second quarter of 2005. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program (see "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENTConsolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion). Both of these factors resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for both FFELP Stafford and Consolidation Loans consolidated with third parties in the fourth quarter. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of borrower benefit reserves associated with these loans.
Discussion of Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
After giving effect to the items discussed above, the increase in the first quarter of 2006 on-balance sheet spread as compared to the fourth and first quarter of 2005 was due primarily to the increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the higher average balance of Consolidation Loans. The average balance of on-balance sheet Private Education Loans in the first quarter of 2006 increased 15 percent and 44 percent over the average balances in the fourth and first quarter of 2005, respectively.
On-Balance Sheet Floor Income
For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income whereas payments on Floor Income Contracts are included in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line in other income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
Fixed borrower rate |
Variable borrower rate |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
Floor Income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Floor Income | $ | 14 | $ | | $ | 14 | $ | 26 | $ | | $ | 26 | $ | 66 | $ | | $ | 66 | ||||||||||
Payments on Floor Income Contracts | (14 | ) | | (14 | ) | (26 | ) | | (26 | ) | (60 | ) | | (60 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net Floor Income | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 6 | $ | | $ | 6 | ||||||||||
Net Floor Income in basis points | | | | | | | 4 | | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
The decrease in the first quarter 2006 net Floor Income versus the prior and year-ago quarters is primarily due to an increase in short-term interest rates.
10
Securitization Activity
The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
No. of Transactions |
Amount Securitized |
Pre-Tax Gain |
Gain % |
|||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans | 2 | $ | 5,004 | $ | 17 | .3 | % | 1 | $ | 3,003 | $ | 19 | .6 | % | 2 | $ | 3,530 | $ | 50 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||
Consolidation Loans | 1 | 3,002 | 13 | .4 | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | | | | | 1 | 1,500 | 222 | 14.8 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationssales | 3 | 8,006 | $ | 30 | .4 | % | 2 | 4,503 | $ | 241 | 5.3 | % | 2 | 3,530 | $ | 50 | 1.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Asset-backed commercial paper | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidation Loans(1) | | | 1 | 3,001 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizationsfinancings | | | 1 | 3,001 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitizations | 3 | $ | 8,006 | 3 | $ | 7,504 | 2 | $ | 3,530 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The decrease in the FFELP Stafford/PLUS gain as a percentage of loans securitized over last year from 1.4 percent for the first quarter ended March 31, 2005 to 0.3 percent for the first quarter ended March 31, 2006 is primarily due to: 1) an increase in the CPR assumption to account for continued high levels of consolidation loan activity; 2) an increase in the discount rate to reflect higher long term rates; 3) the re-introduction of Risk Sharing with the legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act; (see RECENT DEVELOPMENTSReauthorization) and 4) an increase in the amount of student loan premiums included in the carrying value of the loans sold. The higher premiums on these loans was primarily due to the allocation of the purchase price to student loans acquired through acquisition and to loans acquired through zero-fee lending and the school-as-lender channel.
Servicing and Securitization Revenue
Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.
11
The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Servicing revenue | $ | 79 | $ | 73 | $ | 85 | ||||
Securitization revenue, before net Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 69 | 67 | 63 | |||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before net Embedded Floor Income and impairment | 148 | 140 | 148 | |||||||
Embedded Floor Income | 7 | 12 | 26 | |||||||
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation | (4 | ) | (7 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||
Net Embedded Floor Income | 3 | 5 | 4 | |||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment | 151 | 145 | 152 | |||||||
Retained Interest impairment | (52 | ) | (65 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||
Total servicing and securitization revenue | $ | 99 | $ | 80 | $ | 143 | ||||
Average off-balance sheet student loans | $ | 42,069 | $ | 38,497 | $ | 41,892 | ||||
Average balance of Retained Interest | $ | 2,501 | $ | 2,476 | $ | 2,319 | ||||
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized) | .95 | % | .82 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||
Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans. Servicing and securitization revenue can also be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford/PLUS student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so for those loans we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. For the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $52 million, $65 million and $9 million, respectively. The impairment charge for the first quarter of 2006 was primarily a result of the continued consolidation activity ($24 million of impairment) as well as impairment related to our Embedded Floor Income ($28 million of impairment), due to the increase in interest rates during the first quarter of 2006. The impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2005 was primarily caused by the effect of record levels of consolidation activity ($42 million of impairment) and by the effect of the one percent Risk Sharing loss applied to student loans receiving the EP designation ($23 million of impairment) that was imposed by legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act (see RECENT DEVELOPMENTSReauthorization). The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we continue to revise our estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests and it may result in additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected.
12
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO operating segments are presented below. These defined business segments operate in distinct business environments and are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131 based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other reportable segment for financial reporting purposes.
The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability as measured by "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided herein based on "core earnings," which are discussed in detail below. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting and as a result, our management reporting is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
"Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating its business because "core earnings" permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of our operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" which is reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments. Included below under "Alternative Performance Measures" is further discussion regarding "core earnings" and its limitations, including a table that details the pre-tax differences between "core earnings" and GAAP by reportable segment.
The Lending operating segment includes all discussion of income and related expenses associated with the net interest margin, the student loan spread and its components, the provisions for loan losses, and other fees earned on our Managed portfolio of student loans. The DMO operating segment reflects the fees earned and expenses incurred in providing accounts receivable management and collection services. Our Corporate and Other reportable segment includes our remaining fee businesses and other corporate expenses that do not pertain directly to the primary segments identified above.
13
In the first quarter of 2006, the Company changed its method for allocating certain Corporate and Other expenses to the other business segments. All periods presented have been updated to reflect the new allocation methodology.
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 650 | $ | | $ | | $ | 650 | $ | (351 | ) | $ | 299 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 1,028 | | | 1,028 | (207 | ) | 821 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 429 | | | 429 | (188 | ) | 241 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 23 | | | 23 | | 23 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 131 | | 1 | 132 | (36 | ) | 96 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,261 | | 1 | 2,262 | (782 | ) | 1,480 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,660 | 5 | 1 | 1,666 | (573 | ) | 1,093 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 601 | (5 | ) | | 596 | (209 | ) | 387 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 75 | | | 75 | (15 | ) | 60 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 526 | (5 | ) | | 521 | (194 | ) | 327 | |||||||||||
Fee income | | 92 | 27 | 119 | | 119 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 56 | | 56 | | 56 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 40 | | 30 | 70 | 41 | 111 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses(1) | 161 | 89 | 59 | 309 | 14 | 323 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | 150 | 20 | (1 | ) | 169 | (32 | ) | 137 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 255 | $ | 33 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 287 | $ | (135 | ) | $ | 152 | |||||
14
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 620 | $ | | $ | | $ | 620 | $ | (305 | ) | $ | 315 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 934 | | | 934 | (174 | ) | 760 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 374 | | | 374 | (170 | ) | 204 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 23 | | | 23 | | 23 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 127 | | 2 | 129 | (39 | ) | 90 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,078 | | 2 | 2,080 | (688 | ) | 1,392 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,507 | 5 | 2 | 1,514 | (512 | ) | 1,002 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 571 | (5 | ) | | 566 | (176 | ) | 390 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 69 | | | 69 | (4 | ) | 65 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 502 | (5 | ) | | 497 | (172 | ) | 325 | |||||||||||
Fee income | | 99 | 21 | 120 | | 120 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 38 | | 28 | 66 | 386 | 452 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 139 | 84 | 56 | 279 | 18 | 297 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | 148 | 21 | (2 | ) | 167 | 49 | 216 | ||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 253 | $ | 36 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 284 | $ | 147 | $ | 431 | ||||||
15
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lending |
DMO |
Corporate and Other |
Total "Core Earnings" |
Adjustments |
Total GAAP |
|||||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 510 | $ | | $ | | $ | 510 | $ | (319 | ) | $ | 191 | ||||||
Consolidation Loans | 581 | | | 581 | (73 | ) | 508 | ||||||||||||
Private Education Loans | 227 | | | 227 | (97 | ) | 130 | ||||||||||||
Other loans | 20 | | | 20 | | 20 | |||||||||||||
Cash and investments | 78 | | 1 | 79 | (17 | ) | 62 | ||||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,416 | | 1 | 1,417 | (506 | ) | 911 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense | 918 | 4 | 1 | 923 | (359 | ) | 564 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income | 498 | (4 | ) | | 494 | (147 | ) | 347 | |||||||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 55 | | | 55 | (8 | ) | 47 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | 443 | (4 | ) | | 439 | (139 | ) | 300 | |||||||||||
Fee income | | 86 | 33 | 119 | | 119 | |||||||||||||
Collections revenue | | 35 | | 35 | | 35 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 35 | | 32 | 67 | 153 | 220 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 134 | 64 | 51 | 249 | 13 | 262 | |||||||||||||
Income tax expense(1) | 127 | 20 | 6 | 153 | 34 | 187 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | 2 | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 216 | $ | 32 | $ | 8 | $ | 256 | $ | (33 | ) | $ | 223 | ||||||
Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||
"Core earnings" net income(1) | $ | 287 | $ | 284 | $ | 256 | $ | 1,131 | ||||||
"Core earnings" adjustments: | ||||||||||||||
Net impact of securitization accounting | (62 | ) | 118 | (33 | ) | (60 | ) | |||||||
Net impact of derivative accounting | (39 | ) | 150 | 90 | 637 | |||||||||
Net impact of Floor Income | (52 | ) | (56 | ) | (43 | ) | (204 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles | (14 | ) | (16 | ) | (13 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments before income taxes | (167 | ) | 196 | 1 | 312 | |||||||||
Net tax effect(2) | 32 | (49 | ) | (34 | ) | (61 | ) | |||||||
Total "core earnings" adjustments | (135 | ) | 147 | (33 | ) | 251 | ||||||||
GAAP net income | $ | 152 | $ | 431 | $ | 223 | $ | 1,382 | ||||||
GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $ | .34 | $ | .96 | $ | .49 | $ | 3.05 | ||||||
(1) "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share | $ | .65 | $ | .63 | $ | .57 | $ | 2.51 | ||||||
16
Limitations of "Core Earnings"
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, "core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.
Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment," as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation of this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may understate earnings in certain periods. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.
Pre-tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP
Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustments required to reconcile our "core earnings" segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
17
earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from "core earnings" as they are considered intercompany transactions on a Managed Basis.
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
"Core earnings" securitization adjustments: | |||||||||||||
Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses | $ | (189 | ) | $ | (195 | ) | $ | (220 | ) | $ | (935 | ) | |
Gains on student loan securitizations | 30 | 241 | 50 | 552 | |||||||||
Servicing and securitization revenue | 99 | 80 | 143 | 357 | |||||||||
Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts | (2 | ) | (8 | ) | (6 | ) | (34 | ) | |||||
Total "core earnings" securitization adjustments | $ | (62 | ) | $ | 118 | $ | (33 | ) | $ | (60 | ) | ||
18
economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.
19
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||
"Core earnings" derivative adjustments: | ||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income(1) | $ | (87 | ) | $ | 70 | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 247 | ||
Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | 48 | 80 | 122 | 387 | ||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | (39 | ) | 150 | 88 | 634 | |||||||
Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments | | | 2 | 3 | ||||||||
Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 150 | $ | 90 | $ | 637 | |||
20
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities: | |||||||||||||
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income | $ | (21 | ) | $ | (38 | ) | $ | (88 | ) | $ | (259 | ) | |
Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income | (27 | ) | (42 | ) | (29 | ) | (123 | ) | |||||
Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income | | | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities | (48 | ) | (80 | ) | (122 | ) | (387 | ) | |||||
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1) | (39 | ) | 150 | 88 | 634 | ||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | (87 | ) | $ | 70 | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 247 | |||
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
Floor Income Contracts | $ | 144 | $ | 102 | $ | 268 | $ | 481 | |||||
Equity forward contracts | (122 | ) | 56 | (108 | ) | 121 | |||||||
Basis swaps | (82 | ) | (7 | ) | (60 | ) | 40 | ||||||
Other | 21 | (1 | ) | (12 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||||
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 150 | $ | 88 | $ | 634 | ||||
21
|
Quarters ended |
Year ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||
"Core earnings" Floor Income adjustments: | |||||||||||||
Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts | $ | | $ | | $ | 11 | $ | 19 | |||||
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income | (52 | ) | (56 | ) | (54 | ) | (223 | ) | |||||
Total "core earnings" Floor Income adjustments | $ | (52 | ) | $ | (56 | ) | $ | (43 | ) | $ | (204 | ) | |
22
LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT
In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Lending business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mar. 31, 2006 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Managed Basis interest income: | ||||||||||
Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | $ | 650 | $ | 620 | $ | 510 | ||||
Managed Consolidation loans | 1,028 | 934 | 581 | |||||||
Managed Private Education Loans | 429 | 374 | 227 | |||||||
Other loans | 23 | 23 | 20 | |||||||
Cash and investments | 131 | 127 | 78 | |||||||
Total Managed interest income | 2,261 | 2,078 | 1,416 | |||||||
Total Managed interest expense | 1,660 | 1,507 | 918 | |||||||
Net Managed interest income | 601 | 571 | 498 | |||||||
Less: provisions for losses | 75 | 69 | 55 | |||||||
Net Managed interest income after provisions for losses | 526 | 502 | 443 | |||||||
Other income | 40 | 38 | 35 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 161 | 139 | 134 | |||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 405 | 401 | 344 | |||||||
Income taxes | 150 | 148 | 127 | |||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 255 | 253 | 217 | |||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | | | 1 | |||||||
"Core earnings" net income | $ | 255 | $ | 253 | $ | 216 | ||||
23
Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio
The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.
Ending Balances:
|
March 31, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
||||||||||||
On-balance sheet: | |||||||||||||||||
In-school | $ | 7,518 | $ | | $ | 7,518 | $ | 4,713 | $ | 12,231 | |||||||
Grace and repayment | 11,015 | 52,654 | 63,669 | 5,170 | 68,839 | ||||||||||||
Total on-balance sheet, gross | 18,533 | 52,654 | 71,187 | 9,883 | 81,070 | ||||||||||||
On-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 356 | 807 | 1,163 | (340 | ) | 823 | |||||||||||
On-balance sheet allowance for losses | (6 | ) | (10 | ) | (16 | ) | (232 | ) | (248 | ) | |||||||
Total on-balance sheet, net | 18,883 | 53,451 | 72,334 | 9,311 | 81,645 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet: |
|||||||||||||||||
In-school | 4,631 | | 4,631 | 2,342 | 6,973 | ||||||||||||
Grace and repayment | 18,473 | 12,857 | 31,330 | 6,494 | 37,824 | ||||||||||||
Total off-balance sheet, gross | 23,104 | 12,857 | 35,961 | 8,836 | 44,797 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 364 | 357 | 721 | (188 | ) | 533 | |||||||||||
Off-balance sheet allowance for losses | (11 | ) | (3 | ) | (14 | ) | (91 | ) | (105 | ) | |||||||
Total off-balance sheet, net | 23,457 | 13,211 | 36,668 | 8,557 | 45,225 | ||||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 42,340 | $ | 66,662 | $ | 109,002 | $ | 17,868 | $ | 126,870 | |||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 26 | % | 74 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 39 | % | 61 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of total | 33 | % | 53 | % | 86 | % | 14 | % | 100 | % |
|
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
||||||||||||
On-balance sheet: | |||||||||||||||||
In-school | $ | 6,910 | $ | | $ | 6,910 | $ | 3,432 | $ | 10,342 | |||||||
Grace and repayment | 12,705 | 54,033 | 66,738 | 4,834 | 71,572 | ||||||||||||
Total on-balance sheet, gross | 19,615 | 54,033 | 73,648 | 8,266 | 81,914 | ||||||||||||
On-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 379 | 835 | 1,214 | (305 | ) | 909 | |||||||||||
On-balance sheet allowance for losses | (6 | ) | (9 | ) | (15 | ) | (204 | ) | (219 | ) | |||||||
Total on-balance sheet, net | 19,988 | 54,859 | 74,847 | 7,757 | 82,604 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet: |
|||||||||||||||||
In-school | 2,962 | | 2,962 | 2,540 | 5,502 | ||||||||||||
Grace and repayment | 17,410 | 10,272 | 27,682 | 6,406 | 34,088 | ||||||||||||
Total off-balance sheet, gross | 20,372 | 10,272 | 30,644 | 8,946 | 39,590 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 306 | 305 | 611 | (188 | ) | 423 | |||||||||||
Off-balance sheet allowance for losses | (8 | ) | (2 | ) | (10 | ) | (78 | ) | (88 | ) | |||||||
Total off-balance sheet, net | 20,670 | 10,575 | 31,245 | 8,680 | 39,925 | ||||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 16,437 | $ | 122,529 | |||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 27 | % | 73 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 38 | % | 62 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of total | 33 | % | 54 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
24
Ending Balances:
|
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
||||||||||||
On-balance sheet: | |||||||||||||||||
In-school | $ | 6,646 | $ | | $ | 6,646 | $ | 3,129 | $ | 9,775 | |||||||
Grace and repayment | 11,953 | 43,759 | 55,712 | 3,831 | 59,543 | ||||||||||||
Total on-balance sheet, gross | 18,599 | 43,759 | 62,358 | 6,960 | 69,318 | ||||||||||||
On-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 334 | 694 | 1,028 | (242 | ) | 786 | |||||||||||
On-balance sheet allowance for losses | | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | (191 | ) | (198 | ) | ||||||||
Total on-balance sheet, net | 18,933 | 44,446 | 63,379 | 6,527 | 69,906 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet: |
|||||||||||||||||
In-school | 6,379 | | 6,379 | 1,729 | 8,108 | ||||||||||||
Grace and repayment | 21,621 | 7,219 | 28,840 | 4,516 | 33,356 | ||||||||||||
Total off-balance sheet, gross | 28,000 | 7,219 | 35,219 | 6,245 | 41,464 | ||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet unamortized premium/(discount) | 392 | 191 | 583 | (104 | ) | 479 | |||||||||||
Off-balance sheet allowance for losses | | | | (150 | ) | (150 | ) | ||||||||||
Total off-balance sheet, net | 28,392 | 7,410 | 35,802 | 5,991 | 41,793 | ||||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 47,325 | $ | 51,856 | $ | 99,181 | $ | 12,518 | $ | 111,699 | |||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 30 | % | 70 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 48 | % | 52 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
% of total | 42 | % | 47 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
Average Balances:
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2006 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 19,522 | $ | 54,312 | $ | 73,834 | $ | 9,016 | $ | 82,850 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 21,784 | 11,636 | 33,420 | 8,649 | 42,069 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 41,306 | $ | 65,948 | $ | 107,254 | $ | 17,665 | $ | 124,919 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 26 | % | 74 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 39 | % | 61 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 33 | % | 53 | % | 86 | % | 14 | % | 100 | % |
|
Quarter ended December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 22,062 | $ | 53,020 | $ | 75,082 | $ | 7,832 | $ | 82,914 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 19,426 | 10,748 | 30,174 | 8,323 | 38,497 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 41,488 | $ | 63,768 | $ | 105,256 | $ | 16,155 | $ | 121,411 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 29 | % | 71 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 39 | % | 61 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 34 | % | 53 | % | 87 | % | 13 | % | 100 | % |
25
Average Balances:
|
Quarter ended March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
Private Education Loans |
Total |
|||||||||||
On-balance sheet | $ | 18,522 | $ | 42,873 | $ | 61,395 | $ | 6,266 | $ | 67,661 | ||||||
Off-balance sheet | 28,255 | 7,490 | 35,745 | 6,147 | 41,892 | |||||||||||
Total Managed | $ | 46,777 | $ | 50,363 | $ | 97,140 | $ | 12,413 | $ | 109,553 | ||||||
% of on-balance sheet FFELP | 30 | % | 70 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Managed FFELP | 48 | % | 52 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
% of Total | 43 | % | 46 | % | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % |
Student Loan Spread AnalysisManaged Basis
The following table analyzes the earnings from our portfolio of Managed student loans on a "core earnings" basis (see "BUSINESS SEGMENTSPre-tax Differences between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP"). This presentation includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet student loans and derivatives that are economically hedging the student loans on the debt funding such loans. The table below also excludes Floor Income earned on the student loan portfolio but does include the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts that we believe are economically hedging the Floor Income.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Managed Basis student loan yield | 7.60 | % | 7.11 | % | 5.63 | % | ||||
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees | (.55 | ) | (.54 | ) | (.48 | ) | ||||
Borrower Benefits | (.07 | ) | (.09 | ) | (.10 | ) | ||||
Premium and discount amortization | (.14 | ) | (.18 | ) | (.17 | ) | ||||
Managed Basis student loan net yield | 6.84 | 6.30 | 4.88 | |||||||
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds | (4.97 | ) | (4.53 | ) | (3.08 | ) | ||||
Managed Basis student loan spread | 1.87 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.80 | % | ||||
Average Balances | ||||||||||
On-balance sheet student loans | $ | 82,850 | $ | 82,914 | $ | 67,661 | ||||
Off-balance sheet student loans | 42,069 | 38,497 | 41,892 | |||||||
Managed student loans | $ | 124,919 | $ | 121,411 | $ | 109,553 | ||||
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadEffects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented
In the first quarter of 2006, we updated our assumptions for the qualification for Borrower Benefits to reflect trends in borrower behavior versus qualification requirements. These changes resulted in a reduction of our liability for Borrower Benefits of $15 million or 5 basis points. For the first quarter of 2005, the Managed Basis student loan spread before this impact was 1.82 percent.
In the fourth quarter of 2005, we continued to process Consolidation Loan applications from the record volume received in the second quarter of 2005. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program (see "LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENTConsolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion). Both of these factors resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for
26
both FFELP Stafford and Consolidation Loans consolidated with third parties in the fourth quarter. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of Borrower Benefit reserves associated with these loans.
Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan SpreadOther Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations
The change in the first quarter 2006 spread versus the fourth quarter of 2005, after giving effect to the items discussed above, was impacted by the 9 percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans, which have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee.
The average balance of Managed Private Education Loans now represents 14 percent of the average Managed student loan portfolio, up from 13 percent and 11 percent in the fourth and first quarter of 2005, respectively. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged 4.88 percent in the first quarter of 2006 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.37 percent (1.31 percent before the Borrower Benefit impact discussed above) in the first quarter of 2006 for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio.
Private Education Loans
All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. When we securitize Private Education Loans, we no longer legally own the loans and they are accounted for off-balance sheet. For our Managed presentation in the table above, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided and then provide for these loans in the off-balance sheet section with the total of both on and off-balance sheet residing in the Managed presentation.
When Private Education Loans in the majority of our securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212-day delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP for loans repurchased at day 180 are reversed and the full amount is charged-off at day 212.
The off-balance sheet allowance is increasing as more loans are securitized but is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage when measured as a percentage of ending loans in repayment because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet, as described above. Additionally, a larger percentage of the off-balance sheet loan borrowers are still in-school status and not required to make payments on their loans. Once repayment begins, the allowance requirements increase to reflect the increased risk of loss as loans enter repayment.
27
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
On-Balance Sheet |
Off-Balance Sheet |
Managed Basis |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
Quarters ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mar. 31, 2006 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2006 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2006 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 204 | $ | 193 | $ | 172 | $ | 78 | $ | 79 | $ | 143 | $ | 282 | $ | 272 | $ | 315 | |||||||||||
Provision for Private Education Loan losses | 54 | 50 | 43 | 14 | (4 | ) | 8 | 68 | 46 | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||
Charge-offs | (32 | ) | (40 | ) | (29 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (33 | ) | (41 | ) | (30 | ) | |||||||||||
Recoveries | 6 | 5 | 5 | | | | 6 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs | (26 | ) | (35 | ) | (24 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (27 | ) | (36 | ) | (25 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans | 232 | 208 | 191 | 91 | 74 | 150 | 323 | 282 | 341 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans | | (4 | ) | | | 4 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 232 | $ | 204 | $ | 191 | $ | 91 | $ | 78 | $ | 150 | $ | 323 | $ | 282 | $ | 341 | |||||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | 2.83 | % | 4.10 | % | 3.29 | % | .01 | % | .02 | % | .16 | % | 1.27 | % | 1.86 | % | 1.61 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance | 2.43 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.84 | % | 1.06 | % | .89 | % | 2.44 | % | 1.78 | % | 1.69 | % | 2.65 | % | |||||||||||
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment | 5.96 | % | 5.57 | % | 6.35 | % | 1.99 | % | 1.68 | % | 4.43 | % | 3.81 | % | 3.40 | % | 5.33 | % | |||||||||||
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) | 2.17 | 1.45 | 1.99 | 326.22 | 118.00 | 28.27 | 3.02 | 1.99 | 3.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average total loans | $ | 9,016 | $ | 7,832 | $ | 6,266 | $ | 8,649 | $ | 8,323 | $ | 6,147 | $ | 17,665 | $ | 16,155 | $ | 12,413 | |||||||||||
Ending total loans | $ | 9,543 | $ | 7,961 | $ | 6,718 | $ | 8,648 | $ | 8,758 | $ | 6,141 | $ | 18,191 | $ | 16,719 | $ | 12,859 | |||||||||||
Average loans in repayment | $ | 3,780 | $ | 3,441 | $ | 2,924 | $ | 4,624 | $ | 4,178 | $ | 3,368 | $ | 8,404 | $ | 7,620 | $ | 6,292 | |||||||||||
Ending loans in repayment | $ | 3,898 | $ | 3,662 | $ | 3,005 | $ | 4,596 | $ | 4,653 | $ | 3,384 | $ | 8,494 | $ | 8,315 | $ | 6,389 |
The increase in the provision in the first quarter of 2006 versus the fourth quarter of 2005 is primarily driven by the seasonality of loans entering repayment. The majority of loans typically enter repayment in the second and fourth quarters. This increase in loans entering repayment often leads to a near-term increase in early-stage delinquencies, or forbearance usage in the first and third quarters for the affected borrowers, which in turn leads to a spike in the provision for those quarters. Therefore, all other factors being equal, the provision for loan losses will be higher in the first and third quarters. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the provision was also reduced by lower default rates based on improved default experience caused by an increased emphasis by our internal DMO collection efforts on our portfolios.
28
Delinquencies
The tables below present our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.
|
On-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 5,573 | $ | 4,301 | $ | 3,733 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 412 | 303 | 222 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 3,487 | 89.4 | % | 3,311 | 90.4 | % | 2,707 | 90.1 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 170 | 4.4 | 166 | 4.5 | 119 | 4.0 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 106 | 2.7 | 77 | 2.1 | 70 | 2.3 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 135 | 3.5 | 108 | 3.0 | 109 | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 3,898 | 100 | % | 3,662 | 100 | % | 3,005 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 9,883 | 8,266 | 6,960 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (340 | ) | (305 | ) | (242 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 9,543 | 7,961 | 6,718 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (232 | ) | (204 | ) | (191 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 9,311 | $ | 7,757 | $ | 6,527 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 39.4 | % | 44.3 | % | 43.2 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 10.6 | % | 9.6 | % | 9.9 | % | |||||||||||
|
Off-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 3,456 | $ | 3,679 | $ | 2,458 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 784 | 614 | 403 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 4,389 | 95.5 | % | 4,446 | 95.6 | % | 3,207 | 94.8 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 106 | 2.3 | 136 | 2.9 | 86 | 2.5 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 46 | 1.0 | 35 | .7 | 40 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 55 | 1.2 | 36 | .8 | 51 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 4,596 | 100 | % | 4,653 | 100 | % | 3,384 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 8,836 | 8,946 | 6,245 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (188 | ) | (188 | ) | (104 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 8,648 | 8,758 | 6,141 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (91 | ) | (78 | ) | (150 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 8,557 | $ | 8,680 | $ | 5,991 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 52.0 | % | 52.0 | % | 54.2 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 4.5 | % | 4.4 | % | 5.2 | % | |||||||||||
29
|
Managed Basis Private Education Loan Delinquencies |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||
|
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
Balance |
% |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) | $ | 9,029 | $ | 7,980 | $ | 6,191 | |||||||||||
Loans in forbearance(2) | 1,196 | 917 | 625 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | |||||||||||||||||
Loans current | 7,876 | 92.7 | % | 7,757 | 93.3 | % | 5,914 | 92.6 | % | ||||||||
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) | 276 | 3.3 | 302 | 3.6 | 205 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | 152 | 1.8 | 112 | 1.4 | 110 | 1.7 | |||||||||||
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days | 190 | 2.2 | 144 | 1.7 | 160 | 2.5 | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 8,494 | 100 | % | 8,315 | 100 | % | 6,389 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Total Private Education Loans, gross | 18,719 | 17,212 | 13,205 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan unamortized discount | (528 | ) | (493 | ) | (346 | ) | |||||||||||
Total Private Education Loans | 18,191 | 16,719 | 12,859 | ||||||||||||||
Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (323 | ) | (282 | ) | (341 | ) | |||||||||||
Private Education Loans, net | $ | 17,868 | $ | 16,437 | $ | 12,518 | |||||||||||
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 45.4 | % | 48.3 | % | 48.4 | % | |||||||||||
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 7.3 | % | 6.7 | % | 7.4 | % | |||||||||||
ForbearanceManaged Basis Private Education Loans
Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability improves between the time the loan is made and the time they enter the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Forbearance is also granted to borrowers who may experience temporary hardship after entering repayment, when we believe that it will increase the likelihood of ultimate collection of the loan. Such forbearance is only granted within established guidelines and is closely monitored for compliance. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time. When a loan that was delinquent prior to receiving forbearance, ends forbearance and re-enters repayment, that loan is returned to current status.
30
Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At March 31, 2006, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance is 16.1 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage drops to 4.5 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 79 percent of our Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves.
The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment:
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 31, 2006 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Mar. 31, 2006(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,029 | $ | 9,029 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 940 | 180 | 76 | | 1,196 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 4,535 | 1,845 | 1,496 | | 7,876 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 153 | 70 | 53 | | 276 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 94 | 35 | 23 | | 152 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 109 | 51 | 30 | | 190 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,831 | $ | 2,181 | $ | 1,678 | $ | 9,029 | $ | 18,719 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (528 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (323 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 17,868 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 16.1 | 8.3 | % | 4.5 | % | | % | 12.3 | % | |||||||
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 31, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Dec. 31, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 7,980 | $ | 7,980 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 667 | 173 | 77 | | 917 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 4,508 | 1,796 | 1,453 | | 7,757 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 168 | 78 | 56 | | 302 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 63 | 30 | 19 | | 112 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 72 | 44 | 28 | | 144 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,478 | $ | 2,121 | $ | 1,633 | $ | 7,980 | $ | 17,212 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (493 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (282 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 16,437 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance |
12.2 | % | 8.2 | % | 4.7 | % | | % | 9.9 | % | ||||||
31
|
Months since entering repayment |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 31, 2005 |
1 to 24 months |
25 to 48 months |
More than 48 months |
After Mar. 31, 2005(1) |
Total |
|||||||||||
Loans in-school/grace/deferment | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 6,191 | $ | 6,191 | ||||||
Loans in forbearance | 473 | 106 | 46 | | 625 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentcurrent | 3,263 | 1,457 | 1,194 | | 5,914 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 31-60 days | 109 | 57 | 39 | | 205 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent 61-90 days | 63 | 29 | 18 | | 110 | |||||||||||
Loans in repaymentdelinquent greater than 90 days | 83 | 50 | 27 | | 160 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,991 | $ | 1,699 | $ | 1,324 | $ | 6,191 | $ | 13,205 | ||||||
Unamortized discount | (346 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (341 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net | $ | 12,518 | ||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance |
11.9 | % | 6.2 | % | 3.5 | % | | % | 8.9 | % | ||||||
The increase in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance in the first quarter of 2006 is due to seasonality.
The table below stratifies the portfolio of Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used forbearance as of the dates indicated. As detailed in the table below, six percent of loans currently in forbearance have been in loan repayment more than 24 months, which is one percent lower versus the prior quarter and three percent lower than the year-ago period.
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
Forbearance Balance |
% of Total |
||||||||||
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance | ||||||||||||||||
Up to 12 months | $ | 901 | 76 | % | $ | 686 | 75 | % | $ | 440 | 70 | % | ||||
13 to 24 months | 220 | 18 | 165 | 18 | 129 | 21 | ||||||||||
25 to 36 months | 51 | 4 | 44 | 5 | 36 | 6 | ||||||||||
More than 36 months | 24 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 20 | 3 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,196 | 100 | % | $ | 917 | 100 | % | $ | 625 | 100 | % | ||||
32
Total Loan Net Charge-offs
The following tables summarize the total loan net charge-offs on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Private Education Loans | $ | 26 | $ | 35 | $ | 24 | ||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Mortgage and consumer loans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Total On-balance sheet loan net charge-offs | $ | 28 | $ | 37 | $ | 26 | ||||
Total Managed loan net charge-offs
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Private Education Loans | $ | 27 | $ | 36 | $ | 25 | ||||
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Mortgage and consumer loans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Total Managed loan net charge-offs | $ | 29 | $ | 38 | $ | 27 | ||||
Student Loan Premiums Paid
The following table illustrates the amount and rate of the student loan premiums paid.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||
|
Volume |
Rate |
Volume |
Rate |
Volume |
Rate |
||||||||||
Student loan premiums paid: | ||||||||||||||||
Sallie Mae brands | $ | 3,304 | .50 | % | $ | 1,989 | .80 | % | $ | 2,302 | .29 | % | ||||
Lender partners | 3,592 | 2.00 | 1,874 | 1.87 | 3,343 | 1.83 | ||||||||||
Total Preferred Channel | 6,896 | 1.28 | 3,863 | 1.32 | 5,645 | 1.21 | ||||||||||
Other purchases(1) | 175 | 1.97 | 473 | 3.60 | 505 | 3.22 | ||||||||||
Subtotal base purchases | 7,071 | 1.30 | 4,336 | 1.56 | 6,150 | 1.37 | ||||||||||
Consolidations | 897 | 1.98 | 1,527 | 1.98 | 913 | 1.96 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 7,968 | 1.37 | % | $ | 5,863 | 1.67 | % | $ | 7,063 | 1.45 | % | ||||
33
The following table presents the effect of Consolidation Loan activity on our Managed FFELP portfolio.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
FFELP Stafford and Other(1) |
Consolidation Loans |
Total FFELP |
|||||||||||||||||||
Beginning Managed balance | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 43,082 | $ | 62,161 | $ | 105,243 | $ | 46,790 | $ | 49,166 | $ | 95,956 | ||||||||||
Acquisitions | 5,362 | 333 | 5,695 | 3,010 | 525 | 3,535 | 4,909 | 356 | 5,265 | |||||||||||||||||||
Incremental consolidations from third parties | | 896 | 896 | | 1,526 | 1,526 | | 913 | 913 | |||||||||||||||||||
Internal consolidations(2) | (1,525 | ) | 1,525 | | (2,921 | ) | 2,921 | | (2,187 | ) | 2,187 | | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidations to third parties | (737 | ) | (750 | ) | (1,487 | ) | (1,137 | ) | (920 | ) | (2,057 | ) | (466 | ) | (111 | ) | (577 | ) | ||||||||||
Repayments/claims/resales/other | (1,418 | ) | (776 | ) | (2,194 | ) | (1,376 | ) | (779 | ) | (2,155 | ) | (1,721 | ) | (655 | ) | (2,376 | ) | ||||||||||
Ending Managed balance | $ | 42,340 | $ | 66,662 | $ | 109,002 | $ | 40,658 | $ | 65,434 | $ | 106,092 | $ | 47,325 | $ | 51,856 | $ | 99,181 | ||||||||||
The net reduction in FFELP loans from consolidations is primarily due to some FFELP lenders reconsolidating Consolidation Loans using the Direct Lending program as a pass-through entity to circumvent the statutory prohibition on the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans. The legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act (see RECENT DEVELOPMENTSReauthorization) eliminates this practice by June 30, 2006, however, on March 17, 2006, ED issued a "Dear Colleague" letter that prohibits the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans through the Direct Lending program unless the borrower applied for a Direct Loan consolidation by March 31, 2006. Accordingly, we expect a temporary increase in the reconsolidation of Consolidation Loans through April, as the back log of Direct Loan applications are processed, after which we expect to see the consolidation activity return to recent historical levels.
Other IncomeLending Business Segment
The following table summarizes the components of other income for our Lending business segment for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||
Late fees | $ | 25 | $ | 22 | $ | 20 | |||
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||||||
Other | 12 | 12 | 11 | ||||||
Total other income | $ | 40 | $ | 38 | $ | 35 | |||
At March 31, 2006, we had investments in leveraged and direct financing leases, net of impairments, totaling $116 million that are primarily general obligations of American Airlines and Federal Express Corporation. Based on an analysis of the potential losses on certain leveraged leases plus the increase in incremental tax obligations related to the forgiveness of debt obligations and/or the
34
taxable gain on the sale of the aircraft, our remaining after-tax accounting exposure from our investment in American Airlines is $56 million at March 31, 2006.
Operating ExpensesLending Business Segment
Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses. The increase in first quarter operating expenses is primarily due to the increase in sales expenses as we shift more volume to our internal brands. First quarter 2006 operating expenses for the Lending business segment also include $10 million of stock-based employee compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see "RESULTS OF OPERATIONSStock-Based Employee Compensation Expense").
DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our DMO business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Total interest income | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Total interest expense | 5 | 5 | 4 | |||||||
Net interest income | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Less provisions for losses | | | | |||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Fee income |
92 |
99 |
86 |
|||||||
Collections revenue | 56 | 48 | 35 | |||||||
Total other income | 148 | 147 | 121 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 89 | 84 | 64 | |||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 54 | 58 | 53 | |||||||
Income taxes | 20 | 21 | 20 | |||||||
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 34 | 37 | 33 | |||||||
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
"Core earnings" net income | $ | 33 | $ | 36 | $ | 32 | ||||
35
DMO Revenue by Product
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||||
Purchased paper collections revenue | $ | 56 | $ | 48 | $ | 35 | |||||
Contingency: | |||||||||||
Student loans | 70 | 63 | 66 | ||||||||
Other | 10 | 27 | 10 | ||||||||
Total contingency | 80 | 90 | 76 | ||||||||
Other | 12 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 148 | $ | 147 | $ | 121 | |||||
USA Funds(1) | $ | 46 | $ | 44 | $ | 45 | |||||
% of total DMO revenue | 31 | % | 30 | % | 37 | % | |||||
Total DMO revenue increased by $1 million in the first quarter of 2006 versus the fourth quarter of 2005. The fourth quarter of 2005 benefited from revenue generated through state tax collections in the other contingency category. The $27 million, or 22 percent, increase in DMO revenue for the first quarter of 2006 compared to the first quarter of 2005 can be attributed to the year-over-year growth in the purchased paper businesses of Arrow Financial Services and to revenue generated by GRP Financial Services (acquired in August 2005). The year-over-year growth in contingency fee revenue was primarily driven by the growth in the credit card and guaranty agency collections.
Purchased PaperNon-Mortgage
|
Quarters ended |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 530 | $ | 1,083 | $ | 972 | ||||
Purchase price | 34 | 108 | 25 | |||||||
% of face value purchased | 6.4 | % | 10.0 | % | 2.6 | % | ||||
Gross Cash Collections ("GCC") |
$ |
89 |
$ |
71 |
$ |
57 |
||||
Collections revenue | 49 | 41 | 35 | |||||||
% of GCC | 55 | % | 58 | % | 61 | % | ||||
Carrying value of purchases |
$ |
146 |
$ |
158 |
$ |
55 |
The amount of face value of purchases in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the amount of receivables available for purchase in the marketplace, average age of each portfolio, the asset class of the receivables, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of principal purchased will vary from quarter to quarter. The decrease in collections revenue as a percentage of GCC can primarily be attributed to the increase in new portfolio purchases in the second half of 2005. Typically, revenue recognition based on a portfolio's effective interest rate is a lower percentage of cash collections in the early stages of servicing a portfolio.
36
Purchased PaperMortgage/Properties
|
Quarters ended |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005(1) |
|||||
Face value of purchases | $ | 132 | $ | 131 | |||
Collections revenue | 8 | 7 | |||||
Collateral value of purchases | 151 | 154 | |||||
Purchase price | 113 | 109 | |||||
% of collateral value | 75 | % | 71 | % | |||
Carrying value of purchases | $ | 355 | $ | 298 |
The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the underlying collateral. Fluctuations in the purchase price as a percentage of collateral value can be caused by a number of factors including the percentage of second mortgages in the portfolio and the level of private mortgage insurance associated with particular assets.
Contingency Inventory
The following table presents the outstanding inventory of receivables serviced through our DMO business.
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contingency: | ||||||||||
ContingencyStudent loans | $ | 7,614 | $ | 7,205 | $ | 6,900 | ||||
ContingencyOther | 2,461 | 2,178 | 1,929 | |||||||
Total | $ | 10,075 | $ | 9,383 | $ | 8,829 | ||||
Operating ExpensesDMO Business Segment
Operating expenses for our DMO business segment increased by $5 million, or 6 percent, to $89 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 versus the prior quarter, and by $25 million or 39 percent versus the year-ago quarter. The increase in operating expenses versus the prior and year-ago quarters was primarily due to increased expenses for outsourced collections and recovery costs associated with large fourth quarter portfolio purchases. The increases in DMO contingency fee expenses are consistent with the growth in revenue and accounts serviced, as a high percentage of DMO expenses are variable.
First quarter 2006 operating expenses for the DMO business segment also include $3 million of stock-based employee compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see "RESULTS OF OPERATIONSStock-Based Employee Compensation Expense").
37
CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT
The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Corporate and Other business segment.
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||
Total interest income | $ | 1 | $ | 2 | $ | 1 | |||
Total interest expense | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
Net interest income | | | | ||||||
Less provisions for losses | | | | ||||||
Net interest income after provisions for losses | | | | ||||||
Fee income |
27 |
21 |
33 |
||||||
Other income | 30 | 28 | 32 | ||||||
Total other income | 57 | 49 | 65 | ||||||
Operating expenses | 59 | 56 | 51 | ||||||
Income before income taxes | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | 14 | ||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | 6 | ||||
"Core earnings" net income (loss) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 8 | |
Fee and Other IncomeCorporate and Other Business Segment
The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
|
Quarters ended |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2006 |
December 31, 2005 |
March 31, 2005 |
||||||
Guarantor servicing fees | $ | 27 | $ | 21 | $ | 33 | |||
Loan servicing fees | 8 | 8 | 13 | ||||||
Other | 22 | 20 | 19 | ||||||
Total fee and other income | $ | 57 | $ | 49 | $ | 65 | |||
The increase in guarantor servicing fees over the prior quarter can primarily be attributed to the seasonality of the issuance fee received from new loan guarantees made on behalf of USA Funds. The decrease in guarantor servicing fees versus the year-ago quarter is due to an $8 million reduction in account maintenance fees caused by a cap on payments from ED to guarantors. This cap is removed by legislation reauthorizing the student loan programs of the Higher Education Act (see RECENT DEVELOPMENTSReauthorization) that will not go into effect before October 1, 2006, so it will negatively impact guarantor servicing earnings at least through that date.
USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 82 percent, 79 percent and 87 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees and 31 percent, 22 percent and 19 percent, respectively, of revenues associated with other products and services for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005, and March 31, 2005.
38
Operating ExpensesCorporate and Other Business Segment
Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include direct costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantor agencies, as well as information technology expenses related to these functions. First quarter 2006 operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment also include $5 million of stock-based employee compensation expense, due to the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) (see "RESULTS OF OPERATIONSStock-Based Employee Compensation Expense").
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Reauthorization
On February 8, 2006, the President signed the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 ("Reconciliation Legislation"). The Reconciliation Legislation was included as Title VIII of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (S. 1932), an omnibus budget bill that cut nearly $40 billion in spending over five years, with $12 billion coming from federal student loan programs. The vast majority of the savings are generated by requiring lenders to rebate Floor Income under the new loans issued after April 1, 2006. The major new student loan provisions include the following, with effective dates generally July 1, 2006 unless otherwise indicated:
The Reconciliation Legislation does not change the interest rates on Stafford loans which, under legislation enacted in 2002, are scheduled to become fixed 6.8 percent for all loans disbursed after July 1, 2006. Under the previous legislation, the PLUS rate was scheduled to become fixed at 7.9 percent after July 1, 2006. The Reconciliation Legislation raises this rate to 8.5 percent for FFELP PLUS loans. Due to a drafting error in the bill, the PLUS rate for the FDLP was not changed and
39
remains at 7.9 percent in the statute. Committee Staff have acknowledged this error and we expect it to be corrected prior to the July 1st effective date. The rates for Consolidation Loans are unchanged by the Reconciliation Legislation; the formula remains the weighted average of the rates on the underling loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth.
The Reconciliation Legislation reauthorizes the student loan programs through 2012. However, the reauthorization of the rest of the Higher Education Act is still pending, with that authorization only temporarily extended to June 30, 2006. On March 30, 2006, the House passed H.R. 609, which would complete HEA reauthorization. It is unclear whether the Senate will take up this legislation this session. Should the Senate proceed, there may be amendments affecting the student loan programs, but because the Reconciliation Legislation reauthorized the student loan programs, we believe there should not be significant political pressure for major changes this year. In the House-passed legislation, there were only a few provisions that affected the student loan programs. Included in that bill was the repeal of the single holder rule of consolidation loans which had been included in the Deficit Reduction Act until it was dropped for procedural reasons.
40